Compulsory3Unit4

ScientistswhochangedtheworldⅠ.閱讀理解(2024·浙江溫州)ScientistsatMIThavemanagedtochangeordinaryspinach(菠菜)plantsintonaturalsensorswhichcanfindchemicalsusedinbombs.Thesecrettogivingspinachthesespecialpowersisnanotech(納米技術(shù)),whichisscientificareathatdealswithmakingorchangingthingsthatareextremelytiny.“Ordinaryspinachplantscanbefoundeverywhereandeasytostore;likeotherplants,theynormallytakeincarbondioxidegas,”thescientistssay.“Butactuallytheycansensesmallchangesofsoilandwaterpotentialandrespondtothem.Ifwetapintothispoint,thereisawealthofinformationtoaccess.”That'swhatthescientistsusetopowertheirtinyexperiments.Forthisexperiment,thescientistsplacedtwodifferentkindsoftinynano-materialsintospinachplants.Togetthemintotheplants,thescientistsputaliquidcontainingthemonthebottomoftheplant'sleaves.Aspartofitsnaturalprocess,thespinachplantpullswaterthroughitsrootsandintoitsleaves.Ifthewatercontainscertainchemicalsusedinbombs,thetinysensorsintheleavesmakethenano-tubes,which,alongwiththesensors,wereplacedintothespinachplantbeforebythescientists,produceaslightlyspecialkindoflight.Bywatchingtheplantconstantlyusingacameraattachedtoacheapcomputer,thescientistssetupasystemthatcansendawarningemailifchemicalsfromexplosivesarefoundinthewater.Thecomputerthescientistsusedisaboutthesizeofaplayingcard.Theysaythatinthefuture,theirsystemcouldevenuseacellphonewithitscamerachangedslightly.Discoveringchemicalsusedinbombsisjustoneofthemanyusestheresearchersareexploring.Theyhaveusedsuchplantstodiscoverseveralotherdangerouschemicalsaswell.Fromtheirpointofview,there'snodoubtthatinthefuture,suchsystemscouldgivefarmersspecificinformationaboutthehealthofthelandandwaterontheirfarms.1.Whydothescientistsuseplantstodotheexperiment?A.Theyarecommoninthedailylife. B.Theyareenvironmentallyresponsive.C.Theyabsorbmuchcarbondioxidegas. D.Theyaresmallinsizeandeasytostore.2.What'sthefunctionofthecarbonnano-tubesplacedintospinachplants?A.Tocontrolthecamera. B.Tocontaintheliquid.C.Tofixthetinysensors. D.Togiveoffplantlight.3.Whatcanwesayabouttheapplicationoftheexperiment?

A.It'sdiverse. B.It'sunexpected. C.It'slimited. D.It'scheap.4.What'sthesuitabletitleforthetext?A.SpinachIsSensitivetoChemicalsinBombsB.SpinachSendsWarningEmailsUsingNanotechC.NanotechHelpsSpinachGrowHealthilyD.NanotechProtectsSpinachfromDanger答案及解析：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了麻省理工學(xué)院的科學(xué)家們使用納米技術(shù)將菠菜變成了天然傳感器，可以在水中發(fā)現(xiàn)爆炸物中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，并發(fā)送警告電子郵件。1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“‘Butactuallytheycansensesmallchangesofsoilandwaterpotentialandrespondtothem.Ifwetapintothispoint,thereisawealthofinformationtoaccess.’

That'swhatthescientistsusetopowertheirtinyexperiments.(‘但實(shí)際上，它們可以感知土壤和水勢(shì)的微小變化并做出反應(yīng)。如果我們深入了解這一點(diǎn)，就會(huì)有豐富的信息可供獲取?！@就是科學(xué)家們用來(lái)為他們的微小實(shí)驗(yàn)提供動(dòng)力的東西。)”可知，科學(xué)家們使用植物做實(shí)驗(yàn)是因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢愿兄h(huán)境的微小變化，對(duì)環(huán)境做出反應(yīng)。故選B。2.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Ifthewatercontainscertainchemicalsusedinbombs,thetinysensorsintheleavesmakethenano-tubes,which,alongwiththesensors,wereplacedintothespinachplantbeforebythescientists,produceaslightlyspecialkindoflight.(如果水中含有炸彈中使用的某些化學(xué)物質(zhì)，那么葉子中的微小傳感器就會(huì)使得碳納米管和之前被科學(xué)家放入菠菜中的傳感器產(chǎn)生一種稍微特殊的光。)”可知，科學(xué)家將碳納米管放入菠菜中，如果水中含有炸彈中使用的某些化學(xué)物質(zhì)，植物就會(huì)發(fā)出特殊的光。故選D。3.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Discoveringchemicalsusedinbombsisjustoneof…aboutthehealthofthelandandwaterontheirfarms.(發(fā)現(xiàn)炸彈中使用的化學(xué)物質(zhì)只是研究人員正在探索的眾多用途之一。他們還利用這些植物發(fā)現(xiàn)了其他幾種危險(xiǎn)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。從他們的角度來(lái)看，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，在未來(lái)，這樣的系統(tǒng)可以為農(nóng)民提供有關(guān)農(nóng)場(chǎng)土地和水健康的具體信息。)”可知，這一實(shí)驗(yàn)可應(yīng)用的范圍非常廣，是多種多樣的。故選A。4.B標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段中“ScientistsatMIThavemanagedtochangeordinaryspinach(菠菜)plantsintonaturalsensorswhichcanfindchemicalsusedinbombs.(麻省理工學(xué)院的科學(xué)家們成功地將普通的菠菜植物變成了天然傳感器，可以找到炸彈中使用的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。)”以及第三段中“Bywatchingtheplantconstantlyusingacameraattachedtoacheapcomputer,thescientistssetupasystemthatcansendawarningemailifchemicalsfromexplosivesarefoundinthewater.(通過(guò)不斷使用連接在廉價(jià)電腦上的攝像頭觀察植物，科學(xué)家們建立了一個(gè)系統(tǒng)，如果在水中發(fā)現(xiàn)爆炸物中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，該系統(tǒng)可以發(fā)送警告電子郵件。)”可知，本文主要介紹了科學(xué)家使用納米技術(shù)將菠菜變成了天然傳感器，可以在水中發(fā)現(xiàn)爆炸物中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，并發(fā)送警告電子郵件，所以“菠菜使用納米技術(shù)發(fā)送警告電子郵件”可以作為文章標(biāo)題。故選B。Ⅱ.七選五(2024·江蘇無(wú)錫)Scientistshelptoexplainhowtheworldaroundusworks,andcarryoutexperimentstocreatenewthings.Tobecomeascientist,youneedacollegedegreeandvariousprofessionalskills.__1__Understandscientistdescriptionandresponsibilities.Scientistsareresponsibleforexaminingandexploringdifferentaspectsofthephysicalworld.Alltheirexplorationprocessesaredonebyfollowingasetofrulesknownasthescientificmethod.__2__Ofcourse,theyalsohavedifferentspecificworkresponsibilities.Ifyouwanttobeascientistinacertainfield,youneedtocontinuetohaveadeepunderstandingofprofessionalworkresponsibilities.__3__Theinfluenceofeveryprofessionisdouble-sided.Asascientist,itmaybringyousomeachievementsandbenefits,butitalsohassomeprofessionaldisadvantages.Sobeforeyouwanttobeascientist,youshouldhaveadetailedunderstandingoftheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofscientists.Gothroughcollege.__4__Overallstudyingisimportanttobecomeaprofessionalscientist.Youcanlearnallkindsofrelatedknowledgesystematicallyatcollegeandlayasolidfoundationforyourfuturecareer.Getinternship(實(shí)習(xí))opportunities.Trytofindpart-timejobsduringtheuniversityperiod.Inthisway,youcanobtainrealworkexperiencewhilestudying,whichisveryvaluableforyouandwilldefinitelybehelpfulforyourrealcareerinthefuture.__5__Whenyoufindarelevantscientistjob,applyforit.Ascientist'scareerpathisoftentheresultofaseriesofchancemeetings,unexpectedeventsandchangesinpersonalcircumstances.Youshouldnotbeafraidtofollowyourownuniqueroute.A.Trytoavoidtheinfluenceofothers.B.Next,youwillhavedetailedinformation.C.Somakeuseofyourrichexperienceifany.D.Thinkaboutwhetheritisworthwhiletobeascientist.E.Youcanfindsuchchancesthroughspecialpart-timewebsites.F.Scientistsindifferentfieldsmayspecializeindifferentsubjects.G.Systematiclearninginuniversityisthebasisofbecomingascientist.答案及解析：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了成為一名科學(xué)家的一些注意事項(xiàng)。1.B前文“Tobecomeascientist,youneedacollegedegreeandvariousprofessionalskills.(要成為一名科學(xué)家，你需要一個(gè)大學(xué)學(xué)位和各種專業(yè)技能。)”提到成為科學(xué)家需要學(xué)位和技能，后文的段落具體介紹成為一名科學(xué)家需要注意的事項(xiàng)，B項(xiàng)“Next,youwillhavedetailedinformation.(接下來(lái)，你將獲得詳細(xì)信息。)”符合語(yǔ)境，引出詳細(xì)信息，承上啟下。故選B。2.F后文“Ofcourse,theyalsohavedifferentspecificworkresponsibilities.Ifyouwanttobeascientistinacertainfield,youneedtocontinuetohaveadeepunderstandingofprofessionalworkresponsibilities.(當(dāng)然，他們也有不同的具體工作職責(zé)。如果你想成為某一領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)家，你需要繼續(xù)對(duì)專業(yè)工作職責(zé)有深刻的理解。)”提到不同領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)家的職責(zé)，建議對(duì)這些職責(zé)有深刻理解，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Scientistsindifferentfieldsmayspecializeindifferentsubjects.(不同領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)家可能專攻不同的學(xué)科。)”符合語(yǔ)境，說(shuō)明科學(xué)家專攻不同的學(xué)科，引出后文的不同工作職責(zé)，后文中的“also”是對(duì)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容的延伸。故選F。3.D空處位于段首，是段落主旨句，需概括段落內(nèi)容。后文“Theinfluenceofeveryprofessionisdouble-sided…oftheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofscientists.(任何職業(yè)的影響都是雙面的。作為一名科學(xué)家，它可能會(huì)給你帶來(lái)一些成就和好處，但它也有一些專業(yè)上的缺點(diǎn)。所以在你想成為一名科學(xué)家之前，你應(yīng)該對(duì)科學(xué)家的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)有一個(gè)詳細(xì)的了解。)”說(shuō)明科學(xué)家的職業(yè)有利有弊，建議要考慮其利弊，D項(xiàng)“Thinkaboutwhetheritisworthwhiletobeascientist.(想想當(dāng)科學(xué)家是否值得。)”符合語(yǔ)境，建議思考當(dāng)科學(xué)家是否值得，可統(tǒng)領(lǐng)段落內(nèi)容。故選D。4.G前文“Gothroughcollege.(讀完大學(xué)。)”建議讀完大學(xué)，后文“Overallstudyingisimportanttobecomeaprofessionalscientist.(全面學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)于成為一名專業(yè)科學(xué)家很重要。)”說(shuō)明大學(xué)的全面學(xué)習(xí)的重要性，G項(xiàng)“Systematiclearninginuniversityisthebasisofbecomingascientist.(大學(xué)里系統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)是成為科學(xué)家的基礎(chǔ)。)”符合語(yǔ)境，承上啟下。故選G。5.E前文“Trytofindpart-timejobsduringtheuniversityperiod.Inthisway,youcanobtainrealworkexperiencewhilestudying,whichisveryvaluableforyouandwilldefinitelybehelpfulforyourrealcareerinthefuture.(在大學(xué)期間盡量找些兼職工作。這樣，你可以在學(xué)習(xí)的同時(shí)獲得真正的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，這對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)是非常寶貴的，對(duì)你未來(lái)真正的職業(yè)生涯肯定會(huì)有幫助。)”說(shuō)明要去找兼職工作，積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)，E項(xiàng)“Youcanfindsuchchancesthroughspecialpart-timewebsites.(你可以通過(guò)專門的兼職網(wǎng)站找到這樣的機(jī)會(huì)。)”符合語(yǔ)境，介紹找兼職工作的途徑，承接前文。故選E。Ⅲ.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。(2024·福建福州)Everynightasthewholefamilyfellasleep,CatalinawouldslidefromhometotheCerroTololoobservatory(天文臺(tái)).Papawasthemechanic(修理工)oftheobservatory,butduringthedayPapawouldnotallowhertogetclosertothetelescopesthere.Onlyatnight,Catalinawasallowedinwiththepermissionofthenightstaff.Catalinalovedhelpingtoservicethegrandtelescopes,theeyesthatlookedoutintotheuniverse.Shewantedbadlytobeanastronomersomeday.Adultsnevertookherdreamseriously.Evenherfatherlaughed,“Maybeyou'llbehiredtocleantheoffices.”O(jiān)nedayinthelibrary,Catalinawasreadingaplantjournalwhenshestoppedatthepictureofanunusualwhiteflower.“It'scalledwildcarrot.”ASpanishastronomer,whoshesawseveraltimesintheobservatory,stoodbehindher.“Pretty,isn'tit?I'vealwayslikedthatflower,becauseitlookslikeagalaxy.”“Aspiralgalaxy(漩渦星系),”shewhispered.Blondeyebrowsclimbedthescientist'sforehead.“Indeed.Andwhatisyourname,younglady?”heasked.“I'mCatalinaSolis.”“EduardoSolis'sdaughter?Themechanic?”“Yes.”Shegavealookathim.“IwanttobeanastronomerwhenIgrowup.”Helaughedkindly,nolongermeetinghereyes,andpattedherontheshoulder.“Yes,ofcourse,mydear.Workhardinschool,anditcouldhappen.”O(jiān)neevening,Catalina'seyesscannedthetopoftheobservatoryasusual.Suddenlyshenoticedtheangleoftheone-metertelescopewasunusual.Thetelescopewaspointeddown,lowerthanshehadeverseenit.CatalinalearnedfromPapahowdangerousitwouldbe.Ifleftlikeitwas,thetelescopewouldmovepastitslimitandbedamaged.Sowithouthesitationshegotinsidetheobservatory.注意：續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個(gè)左右。ShesawtheSpanishscientistburiedinworkthere.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thescientist'swordsmeantalottoher.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：ShesawtheSpanishscientistburiedinworkthere.Catalinawalkedovertohimandgreetedhimwithasmile.Tohersurprise,hehandedheranotebookandasked,“Wouldyouliketohelpmerecordthed