Optionalcompulsory3Unit2

OutofthisworldⅠ.話題單詞話題詞匯weightlessadj.失重的，無重量的

orbitn.軌道hatchn.艙門

detectorn.探測器

shuttlen.航天飛機

capsulen.太空艙telescopen.望遠鏡

take-offn.起飛

astronomyn.天文學

galaxyn.星系，銀河(系)

gravityn.重力，地球引力

observatoryn.天文臺；氣象臺countdownn.倒數(shù)讀秒，倒計時lift-offn.(航天器的)發(fā)射，起飛，升空touchdownn.(飛機或宇宙飛船的)著陸，降落

proben.航天探測器Ⅱ.話題詞塊solarcell太陽電池

blackhole黑洞launchpad發(fā)射平臺

landingarea著陸區(qū)

solarpanel太陽能電池板

spaceoutfits/suits太空服mannedspaceflight載人航天

unmannedspaceship/spacecraft無人飛船spacedocking空間對接

dockwith與……對接

collectsamples采樣

3Dprojection3D投影

launcharocket發(fā)射火箭

ChinaAerospace中國航天ingoodcondition狀態(tài)良好

takeinalunareclipse觀看月食breaknewground開辟了新的領(lǐng)域

thecuttingedgeof……的技術(shù)前沿rendezvousanddocking交會對接

thefacilitiesandequipment設(shè)施和設(shè)備remarkableachievements非凡的成就

extraordinarycontributions杰出貢獻advancebyleapsandbounds突飛猛進lunarexplorationadventure月球探索冒險at/in/totheforefront(ofsth.)處于(……的)最前列variouspre-launchfunctionchecks發(fā)射前各種功能檢查Ⅲ.話題句式1.Thechallengesofspacetravelremind

usto

constantlypushourselvestoovercomeobstacles.太空旅行的挑戰(zhàn)提醒我們不斷地推動自己克服障礙。2.Theknowledgegainedfrom

spacemissionscanhelpusbetterunderstandandprotectourhomeplanet.從太空任務(wù)中獲得的知識可以幫助我們更好地理解和保護我們的家園。3.Spaceexplorationfuels

innovationandtechnologicaladvancementsthatbenefitallofhumanity.太空探索推動了有利于全人類的創(chuàng)新和技術(shù)進步。4.Thepursuitofspaceexplorationpushestheboundariesof

humanpotentialandachievement.對太空探索的追求推動了人類潛力和成就的界限。Ⅳ.語法填空Livinginspaceiseverywould-beastronaut'sdream.LifeonaspacestationdiffersfromthatontheEarth.Itisthelowgravitythat1.___________(make)ordinarythingsstrange.Due2.__________thenearabsenceofgravityinspace,it'sstrangethatwetrytosleepbyattachingourselves.Theroutinetasksare3.__________(demand)butextremelyrewarding.Weconductscientificresearch,carryoutexperimentsanddosomecleaning.Themostchallengingandprobablythemostdangerousworkisspacewalking.That's4.__________everyspacewalkiscarefullyplanned.Inspace,eatingisalsodifferentfrom5.__________backontheEarth.Mostfoodisdriedorfreeze-driedandit'saluxurytoeatfreshfood.makestodemandingwhythatFurthermore,6.__________(keep)ourbodyhealthy,wemustensureabalancedsupplyofnutrientsbytakingpills.7.___________(spend)sometimeinthegymisofvitalimportancetoastronauts'health.Wehavetobetiedontothe8._______(special)designedexerciseequipmenttostopourselvesfromfloatingaround.Duringourleisuretime,welikesittingbackwith9._______restofthecrew,watchingourremarkableplanetgoby,takingpicturesandenjoyingthesunriseevery90minutes.Inthesepreciousmoments,allthe10.____________(challenge)oflifeinspaceseemworthit.specially

the

challengestokeepSpending單詞通關(guān)1.absencen.缺乏，不存在；缺席教材原句：Duetothenearabsenceofgravityinspace,wehavetoattachourselvessothatwedon'tfloataround.(P16)由于太空中幾乎沒有重力，我們必須把自己固定起來，這樣我們才不會到處漂浮。intheabsenceofsth.缺乏某物insb.'sabsence＝intheabsenceofsb.某人不在時absencefrom缺席，不在absenceofmind心不在焉，精神不集中absent

adj.缺席；不存在，心不在焉的beabsentfrom缺席，不在absent-minded

adj.健忘的；心不在焉的?

單句語法填空/完成句子①The_________(absent)ofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.(2023·北京卷)②Addictedtoplayingcomputergames,heisalwaysabsent___________school.③我寫信向你道歉，因為上周末我沒能參加你的生日派對。I'mwritingto___________________________________yourbirthdaypartylastweekend.(應(yīng)用文寫作之道歉信)④_____________________________(心不在焉是沒禮貌的)whenotherpeopletalktoyou.absencefromapologizetoyouforbeingabsentfromItisimpolitetobeabsent-minded2.occupy

vt.占用，使用；居?。徽碱I(lǐng)，侵占；使忙于教材原句：Theroutinetasksthatoccupymostofthedayaredemanding,buttheycanalsobeextremelyrewarding.(P16)占用了一天里大部分時間的日常工作要求很高，但是也會非常有意義。occupyoneselfwithsth./indoingsth.從事于/忙于/專心于某事occupyone'smind/thoughts/attention使頭腦全神貫注/集中注意力occupied

adj.使用中，有人使用(或居住)；被占領(lǐng)的，被侵占的；忙于beoccupiedwithsth./indoingsth.忙于/專心于某事[＝bebusywithsth./(in)doingsth.＝beemployed(in)doingsth.＝beengagedinsth.]beoccupiedwithnothing無所事事，游手好閑occupation

n.占用，使用；居住；占領(lǐng)，侵占；職業(yè)?單句語法填空①Tokeephisrestlessstudentsoccupied__________anindoorsportonrainydays,JamesNaismithcreatedbasketball.(2022·天津卷)②Heisateacherandhistimeisfully____________(occupy)withhisstudents.③IsupposeIwaslookingforan____________(occupy)whichwasgoingtobeanadventure.withoccupiedoccupation?改寫句子④Becausetheywereoccupiedinmakingandsellingpopcorn,theysparednotimetoplayaround.＝______________________________________________,theysparednotimetoplayaround.(用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)＝___________________________________,theysparednotimetoplayaround.(用過去分詞短語作狀語)Occupyingthemselves(in)makingandsellingpopcornOccupied(in)makingandsellingpopcorn3.crucial

adj.至關(guān)重要的，關(guān)鍵性的教材原句：Hubbleobservationshaveplayedacrucialroleinthediscoveryofthemysteriousdarkenergy.

(P20)哈勃(太空望遠鏡)的觀測在發(fā)現(xiàn)神秘的暗能量方面發(fā)揮了至關(guān)重要的作用。playacrucialrolein在……方面發(fā)揮了至關(guān)重要的作用becrucialto對……來說至關(guān)重要itiscrucialthat…至關(guān)重要的是……(＝itisessential/vitalthat…)crucially

adv.關(guān)鍵地cruciallyimportant至關(guān)重要?

單句語法填空/完成句子①Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反饋)iscrucial_______growth.

(2023·全國新課標Ⅱ卷)②Goodindoorairqualityis____________(crucial)importantforallofus.③___________________________(至關(guān)重要的是)wehaveconfidenceinourfuture.④___________________________(幸福是一個至關(guān)重要的概念).Wespendallofourlivespursuingit,soitdeservesaverycarefulanalysis.⑤Positivestudyhabitsandattitudes___________________________________(在語言學習方面發(fā)揮了至關(guān)重要的作用).toItiscrucial/essential/vitalthat

playacrucialroleinlanguagelearningcruciallyHappinessisacrucialconcept4.coverage

n.新聞報道；覆蓋范圍；信息范圍教材原句：Jobsinthespaceindustrygofarbeyondtheastronautsthatreceivewidespreadmediacoverage.(P26)航空業(yè)中的職業(yè)遠不只是受到媒體廣泛報道的宇航員。thecoverageof………的報道；……的覆蓋范圍cover

v.報道；覆蓋；遮蓋；行走；包括，涉及；夠付n.覆蓋物；掩護；封面covertheevent報道這件事(read)fromcovertocover從頭至尾(讀)，從頭到尾一頁不漏(讀)cover…with…用……蓋住…… becoveredwith覆蓋著……becoveredby被……覆蓋

coveranareaof…占地面積為……undercover隱藏著，秘密地，秘而不宣

thefront/backcover封面/封底?

單句語法填空/寫出下列句中畫線部分的含義①Theincidenthasreceivedwide__________(cover)inthepress.②Hekepttheimportantinformation__________cover.③The2.5-hourtourcovers

theGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.(2023·全國新課標Ⅰ卷) ________________④Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecover

opened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.(2023·全國新課標Ⅱ卷) ________________coverageunder包括封面⑤Themediacovered

theYouthOlympicGamesheldinNanjinginavarietyofforms. ________________⑥Thefirmhardlycovers

itscosts;ithasn'tmadeaprofitforyears. ________________⑦InspiredbythemeetingheldinBeijing,hedecidedtocover

theroutebyhiking. ________________⑧Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanketcovering

thedesert. ________________報道夠付行走覆蓋詞塊積累1.in/underthecircumstances

在這種情況下，既然如此教材原句：Inthecircumstances,it'stimeforaspacewalk.(P17)在這種情況下，是時候來場太空行走了。in/undercertaincircumstances在某些情況下in/undernocircumstances決不，無論如何都不(位于句首，要部分倒裝)提示

表示“決不”且與in/undernocircumstances用法類似的常用詞組還有innocase、atnotime、bynomeans、innoway、onnoaccount、onnocondition等。?

完成句子①在這種情況下，我必須放棄我的計劃。Ihadtogiveupmyplan___________________________.②在任何情況下，都決不應(yīng)該放棄你的夢想。Undernocircumstances__________________yourdreams.in/underthecircumstancesshouldyougiveup2.inviewof鑒于，考慮到教材原句：Inviewofthelow-gravityenvironment,eatingisalsodifferentinspace.(P17)鑒于低重力環(huán)境，太空中的飲食也有所不同。view…as…將……視為…… beinview在視野中(＝beinsight)beonview在展出，陳列著(＝beonshow)inone'sview＝fromone'spointofview依照某人的觀點pointofview觀點；考慮角度

atfirstview初看，一見(就)comeintoview進入視野?

完成句子①____________________(考慮到天氣),wewillcanceltheouting.②______________________________(依我看來),ifyouwanttolearnEnglishwell,youneedtodomorelistening,speaking,readingandwriting.③Administratorsoftendon't______________________(視卓越教學為)awaytoincreaseenrolment(注冊)orfunding.(2023·北京卷)④____________________________(從21世紀的角度來看),theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader.(2023·全國新課標Ⅱ卷)InviewoftheweatherInmyview或frommypointofview

viewteachingexcellenceasFroma21st-centurypointofview句式點撥sothat引導的目的狀語從句教材原句：Saltandpepperareonlyinliquidform,sothattheywillnotfloatawayandblocktheairpipes.

(P17)鹽和胡椒只能以液體的形式存在，這樣它們就不會浮起來堵塞氣管。①sothat、inorderthat表示“以便，所以”，引導目的狀語從句，從句中的謂語動詞多用“情態(tài)動詞(can/could/may/might/will/would)＋動詞原形”。PleaseturnoffthelightsothatIcangotosleep.②forfearthat、incase、lest表示“以防，免得”。Heisworkinghardforfearthatheshouldfail.③so…that…引導的從句請看教材必修第一冊第一單元句型講解。提示sothat引導目的狀語從句不能放在句首；inorderthat引導目的狀語從句可放在句首。?

完成句子①Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem__________________________________________(以便快速行駛的列車就能及時作出反應(yīng)).(2022·全國乙卷)②It'sasurprisetheyhaven'tmanagedtogrowsquareones_____________________________(以便他們很容易地包裝它們).(2023·全國甲卷)③Westudentspracticetogetherintheschoolgymfrom5:00pmto6:00pmeveryday_______________________________________________(以便我們可以為觀眾提供一場精彩的比賽).sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletosothattheycanpacksothatwecanprovidetheaudiencewithafantasticmatchthemeasily素養(yǎng)挑戰(zhàn)Ⅰ.七選五(2025·湖南長沙)Humanshaveaneedtosharetheirbeliefsandvalueswithotherpeople.__1__Thishasasolidlogic:Sharingemotionsandopinionscanleadtoimitation(模仿),whichcaninturncreateunityandenhancerelationships.Besidescreatingabond,anotherreasonyoumightwantsomeonetomodelthemselvesonyourfeelingsistogetthemtoaltertheirviews.__2__Thechoicewilldependontheotherperson'ssituation.Ifhe/shealreadyagreeswithyou,thenyournegativitycanraisetheintensityofhis/herviews.__3__Sometimes,peopleyouaretalkingtodon'talreadythinkthewayyoudo.Theywillsimplyjudgeyourstatementtobehyperbolic(浮夸的)andbiased.Andyouwon'tgetthemtoimitateyouatall.Toanevengreaterdegree,iftheydisagreewithyou,whatyousaywillhardentheirvaluesagainstyours.__4__Whenpeopleareoffendedovertheopinionstheyhold,theyaremuchmorelikelytodigintotheirpositionagainstthatofthespeaker.Imagineapersoncametoyourhousewithabeautifulbunchofflowers.Butwhenyouopenedthedoor,he/shehityouwiththeflowers.__5__So,ifyouwanttobemorepersuasive,considerthespecificsituationsandsharethemmorepositively—inotherwords,turnyourbeliefsandvaluesintoagift,ratherthanaweapon.A.Onesize,however,won'tfitforall.B.Thisistheso-calledbackfireeffect.C.Allyouwouldwantistogetthepersonoutoftheway.D.Whenyoufeelstronglyaboutsomething,it'shardnottotalkaboutit.E.Thisisessentiallytheresultofusingyourflowersnegativelyasweapons.F.Toachievethegoal,youcanoutlineyourviewseitherpositivelyornegatively.G.Positiveemotionsmaybebetteratleadingtoimitationthannegativeemotions.

答案及解析：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述我們在試著說服他人時，有時會適得其反，試著用更加積極、委婉的語言風格不失為一個好方法。1.D上文“Humanshaveaneedtosharetheirbeliefsandvalueswithotherpeople.(人類需要與他人分享他們的信仰和價值觀。)”提到人類需要與他人分享自己的信仰和價值觀，D項“當你對某事有強烈的感覺時，你很難不去談?wù)撍边M一步闡述上文，說明人類需要分享的原因。故選D。2.F上文“Besidescreatingabond,anotherreasonyoumightwantsomeonetomodelthemselvesonyourfeelingsistogetthemtoaltertheirviews.(除了建立聯(lián)系之外，你可能希望別人以你的感受為榜樣的另一個原因是讓他們改變自己的觀點。)”提到人們分享的另一個原因——想讓對方改變他們自己的觀點，F(xiàn)項“為了實現(xiàn)這個目標，你可以用積極或消極的方式來表達你的觀點”承接上文，F(xiàn)項中“thegoal”指代上文的“togetthemtoaltertheirviews”。故選F。3.A上文提到分享是為了改變別人的觀點，根據(jù)下文“Sometimes,peopleyouaretalkingtodon'talreadythinkthewayyoudo.Theywillsimplyjudgeyourstatementtobehyperbolic(浮夸的)andbiased.(有時候，與你交談的人不像你那樣思考。他們只會認為你的陳述是夸張和有偏見的。)”可知，本段和上文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，A項“然而，一種尺寸不會適合所有人”符合語境。故選A。4.B根據(jù)上文“Andyouwon'tgetthemtoimitateyouatall.Toanevengreaterdegree,iftheydisagreewithyou,whatyousaywillhardentheirvaluesagainstyours.(你根本不會讓他們模仿你。在更大程度上，如果他們不同意你的觀點，你所說的話會使他們的價值觀與你的價值觀相對立。)”和下文“Whenpeopleareoffendedovertheopinionstheyhold,theyaremuchmorelikelytodigintotheirpositionagainstthatofthespeaker.(當人們持有的觀點被冒犯時，他們更有可能深入研究自己的立場，反對說話者的立場。)”可知，上下文都是在說你不僅無法改變別人的觀點，反而會讓別人更加堅持自己的觀點，B項“這就叫逆火效應(yīng)”符合語境。故選B。5.E上文“Imagineapersoncametoyourhousewithabeautifulbunchofflowers.Butwhenyouopenedthedoor,he/shehityouwiththeflowers.(想象一下，一個人帶著一束美麗的花來到你家。但是當你打開門時，他/她用花打你。)”提到別人帶著一束花來到你家，卻用花打你，E項“這主要是由于將給你的花作為武器負面使用的結(jié)果”解釋上述行為的原因。故選E。“七選五之句際邏輯關(guān)系(轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)”答題技能第一步識別轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系標志詞(組)：表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系常用的標志詞(組)包括：however、nevertheless