第十一講：連詞【考點解讀】連詞是一種虛詞，它是用來連接單詞、短語或句子的詞，在句中不能單獨作句子成分。連詞按照性質可以分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。并列連詞引導并列句，從屬連詞引導從句。初中要求掌握的從句有賓語從句、狀語從句與定語從句。【知識講解】知識點1——連詞分類1.并列連詞使用方法例示and,連接并列部分，用于肯定句,否定句變orTomandIarestudents.both…and兩者都(兩者都強調，主語當做復數(shù))BothTomandIarestudents.notonly…but(also)不但…而且(就近原則)NotonlyTombutalsoIamastudent.neither…nor既不……也不……(就近原則)Neitheryounorheisastudent.aswellas,with,togetherwith也(就遠原則)They,aswellastheirteacher,comehere.1）表示連接兩個同等概念2)表示選擇的并列結構a.or"或者"b.either…or"或者……或者……"(就近原則)EitheryouorIamright.3)表示轉折或對比a.but表示轉折，while表示對比Somepeoplelovecats,whileothershatethem.b.not…but…"不是……而是……"4)表示因果關系a.for是并列連詞，不能置于含兩個并列分句的句子的句首，只能將其放在兩個分句中間b.so,therefore2.從屬連詞1)引導賓語從句的從屬連詞有：that,if,whether,what,where,how等特殊疑問詞；2)引導狀語從句的從屬連詞：從句種類主要從屬連詞時間狀語從句when,while,as,assoonas,since,before,after,(not)until,till等條件狀語從句if,unless目的狀語從句inorderthat,sothat結果狀語從句so…that,such…that,so(that),so原因狀語從句because,as,since,nowthat讓步狀語從句although,though比較狀語從句as…as,than,notas/so…as,themore…themore*地點狀語從句where,anywhere,everywherea.時間狀語從句中的連詞時間狀語從句是由when,as,while,after,before,since,until,assoonas等從屬連詞引導的狀語從句。連詞用法when當…的時候while①當……時表示主從句的動作同時發(fā)生,while后引導的狀語從句的動詞必須是持續(xù)動詞或狀態(tài)，用進行時；②表示對比，解釋為“而”assoonas一…..就……（主將從現(xiàn)）since自……以來（主句用延續(xù)性動詞或者表狀態(tài)的現(xiàn)在完成時）till/untiltill在口語中用的較多，主句（延續(xù)性動詞）+till/until...主句（含有否定詞,動詞是瞬間動詞）+until....b.條件狀語從句中的連詞：if,unless(=if…not)連詞從句（一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)）主句（一般將來時態(tài)）ifIfitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tgototheparkUnless（ifnot）unlessyouworkhard,youwon’tcatchtheotherstudents句轉Workhardoryouwon’tcatchtheotherstudentsc.原因狀語從句中的連詞:because,since,as,nowthat連詞含義備注because在語氣上最重,表示的是直接理由,回答why的問題。從句位置可前課后例Ididn’tgotoschoolyesterdaybecauseIwasill.Since/nowthat表示雙方已知的事實或理由，強調未發(fā)生的結果。從句通常置于句首since/nowthateverybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.as表示對方已知的理由，僅作附加說明，多用于口語。從句通常置于句首Asyouareinpoorhealth,Youshouldn’tstayuplate.d.結果狀語從句中的連詞連詞so…that,such…that(如此…….以至于…….)常考形式同義句轉換so/such…that+肯定句…adj./adv.+enough(+forsb.)todosth.so/such…that+否定句too+adj./adv+(+forsb.)todosth.=notadj./adv.+enough(+forsb.)todosth.e.目的狀語從句中的連詞目的狀語從句中的連詞sothat,inorderthat?？夹问酵x句轉換主句+sothat/inorderthat+從句(肯定)=…inorderto/soastodosth.主句+sothat/inorderthat+從句(否定)=…inordernotto/soasnottodosth.Hewalkedfastsothathecouldgetthereontime.=Hewalkedfastinorderthathecouldgetthereontime.Hewalkedquicklyinordertogetthereontime.=Hewalkedquicklysoastogetthereontime.f.讓步狀語從句中的連詞:though,althoughthough,although都不能和but連用,但是他們都可以同yet(still)連用三、【典例探究】【例題1】：1.Thesuitcaseisveryheavy.Ayoungboylikehimcannotcarryit.（選自上外小五班試題）Thesuitcaseisheavyayoungboylikehimcannotcarryit.答案：sothat（解析：根據句意我們了解到：行李很重。像他那樣的男孩不能搬動它。所以，合并為一句要用到從屬連詞，“如此.......以至于”）2.Ihavetwochildren,and______ofthemareworkinginthewestofChina.(選自蘭生小五試題)A.allB.bothC.neitherD.either答案：B（解析：限定詞是two,決定只能用both或者neither，又因為謂語動詞是are，所以是肯定的兩者both。其中A表示三者以上都.......，D項是兩者中的任何一個。）【例題2】：3.Iwenttotheofficebytaxithismorningbelateforwork.A.sothatnotB.notinordertoC.soasnottoD.soastonot答案：C（解析：根據句意和選項的對應，基本上可以確定是填“為了......”inorderto和soasto的否定是再to的前面加not，而不是后面。）四、【課堂運用】【基礎】【練習1】I.用when,before,after,until,assoonas,if,as,because,though,than,since,so…that填空:1.Ihaven’theardfromhim_______helefthome.2.Hewas_______tired_______hecouldn’tgoonworking.3.Iwascooking______sheknockedatthedoor.4.Hedidn’tgotobed______hefinishedhishomework.5.Thesoldierssetofftothefront______theyreceivedtheofficer’sorder.6.Shewenttobed_______theTVplaywasover.7.Iwon’tbelieveit_______Ihearwithmyownears.8.Weshouldstrike_______theironishot.9.Takethemedicine_______yougotobed.10.Theycouldn’tsendtheirchildrentoschool_______lifewasveryhardinthosedays.11._______thismethoddoesn’twork,let’stryanother.12.We’releavingforShenzhen_______itisfinetoday.13.Iknewnothingaboutit_______hetoldme.14.Thesingerwas_______pleased_______hecouldn’tsayaword.15.Pleaseworkharder_______allofyoucanpassthefinalexam.16.Armyandpeopleareasinseparable(不可分的)_______fishandwater.17.Theharvestofthisyearismuchbetter______thatoflastyear.18._______thestoryisshortandtherearenonewwordsinit,itisdifficulttounderstand.答案：I.1.since2.so,that3.when4.until5.assoonas6.after7.until8.while9.before10.because11.Since12.if13.until14.so,that15.so,that16.as17.than18.Though【練習2】II.用適當?shù)倪B詞完成改寫后的句子,使其與第一個句子意思相同或相近:1.Wecan’tfinishtheworkintimewithoutyourhelp.Wecan’tfinishtheworkintime_______youdon’thelpme.2.Nowshopblowing,andtheglasswillbeclearagain._______younowstopblowing,theglasswillbeclearagain.3.Ifwedon’thurry,we’llbelateforthefilm.Let’shurry,______we’llbelateforthefilm.4.Thegirlistooyoungtogotoschool.Thegirlis______young______shecan’tgotoschool.5.Jennygotupevenearlierthenextmorninginordertogettoschoolontime.Jennygotupevenearlierthenextmorning_______shecouldgettoschoolontime.6.Jackhasn’tseenthenewfilm.Ihaven’tseenit,either.______Jack______Ihaveseenthenewfilm.7.WeiHuaisaLeaguemember.HanMeimeiisaLeaguemember,too.______WeiHua______HanMeimeiareLeaguemembers.8.ThelittleboyspeaksEnglishverywell.HespeaksRussianverywell,too.Thelittleboyspeaks______English______Russianverywell.9.XiaoMingwasbornin1988.WangLinwasbornin1988,too.XiaoMingisjustasold______WangLin.10.MissGaoisverykind.Allthestudentslikeher.MissGaois______kind______allthestudentslikeher.答案：II.1.if2.If3.or4.so,that5.sothat6.Neither,nor7.Both,and8.both,and9.as10.so,that【鞏固】【練習1】()1.It’ssuchaninterestingstory________everybodylikesit.A.asB.thatC.sothatD.which()2.Idon’tlikehim.I’drather________inthan________toplaywithhim.A.toplay,togoB.stay,goC.toplay,goD.stay,togo()3.Heisveryold,________hestillworksveryhard.A.ifB.whenC.andD.but()4.Mrs.Smithlikesmusic________herhusbandlikessport.A.whileB.orC.forD.so()5.________Tom________Maryisfree.You’dbetterplaywithothers.A.Both,andB.Notonly,butalsoC.Neither,norD.Either,or()6.Theydidn’tstarttowork________thebossarrived.A.soB.assoonasC.whileD.until()7.________you’reallhere,wecanworkoutasolution.A.BecauseB.ThoughC.SinceDFor()8.Thechildisclever________healthy.A.assoonasB.asgoodasC.aswellasD.astallas()9.Wemustsetoffnow,________we’llmissthelasttrain.A.andB.whileC.thenD.or()10.Canyounamethreecountries________Chineseisusedasoneoftheirlanguages?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.there答案：1.B2.D3.D4.A5.C6.D7.C8.C9.D10.C【拔高】【練習1】1.Weweregettingreadytogoout______itbegantorain.A.whereB.whenC.sinceD.if2.Welovespring______there’rebeautifulflowerseverywhere.A.butB.ifC.thoughD.because3.Theworkwas_______difficult_______ittookusquitealongtimetodoit.A.such,thatB.so,thatC.too,thatD.too,to4.I’lltellhimtogiveyouacall______hecomesback.A.becauseB.sinceC.assoonasD.but5.---WhydidLiLeiuseapencil?---_______hispenwasbroken.A.BecauseB.WhenC.UntilD.If6.IthinkChineseismorepopular______anyothersubject.A.thanB.forC.asD.then7.WhatdoIhavetodo______Iwanttobethinner?A.ifB.becauseC.sinceD.for8.Iwon’tturnoffthelight______you’vefinishedreading.A.whenB.afterC.assoonasD.until9.I’llstudyEnglishandotherobjects_______Ican.A.sohardasB.ashardasC.sohardlyasD.ashardlyas10.Thoughitrainedheavily,_______werestillplayingontheplayground.A.theyB.sotheyC.buttheyD.andthey11.Youshouldfinishyourexercises______yougotobed.A.afterB.beforeC.becauseD.if12.---ArewegoingtoWestHillFarmbybike?---No.Bybus,_______itisquitefarfromhere.A.ifB.whenC.thoughD.because13.Mr.Readhastaughtinthatsmalltown______heleftCanadain1988.A.whenB.afterC.forD.since14.I’m______busygettingreadyforChristmas_______Ihavenotimetowritetoyou.A.not,untilB.too,toC.so,thatD.neither,nor15.You’lldobetterinEnglish______youworkharder.A.orB.thanC.ifD.before16.Tomdidn’tgotoschoolyesterday______hewasill.A.butB.untilC.ifD.because17.LiHua______inthefactorysincesheleftschooltenyearsago.A.worksB.workedC.hasworkedD.hadworked18.---I’mgoingtoHangzhouforaholidaythisweekend.---________youarethere,canyoubuymesomegreentea?A.BecauseB.IfC.WhileD.After19.Whatshallwedo______itrainstomorrow?A.soB.ifC.butD.because20.Ifyou______himtomorrow,pleaseaskhimifhe_______toworkonthefarmwithus.A.see,goesB.willsee,goesC.willsee,willgoD.see,willgo21.Theroomis______dirty______wedon’twanttostayhere.A.so,thatB.such,thatC.either,orD.as,as22._______he’sveryyoung,_______heknowsseverallanguages.A.Though,butB.Because,soC.Though,/D.Because,/23.Theywillhaveasportsmeetingifit______tomorrow.A.won’trainB.willrainC.doesn’trainD.rains24.Myparentswillgooutforanoutingwithmeifthey______freenextSunday.A.willbeB.areC.haveD.willhave25.We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew26.Couldyouringmeupassoonashe______?A.arrivedB.wouldarriveC.arrivesD.willarrive27.We______TVwhenthetelephone________.A.watched,wasringingB.werewatching,rangC.watch,ringsD.arewatching,rang28.Kate______tobeduntilherfatherreturnedyesterdayevening.A.won’tgoB.doesn’tgoC.wentD.didn’tgo29.Ifthechild_______,pleasetelephonethepolice.A.foundB.isfoundC.wasfoundD.hasfound30.Ifyou______heretomorrow,I’llbedelighted.A.comesB.willcomeC.cameD.come答案：III.1—5ACCDA6—10BBBDB11—15BDDCC16—20DCCBD21—25ACCBC26—30CBDBD五、【課后鞏固】【習題1】=1\*ROMANI.Choosethebestanswer.()1.________itwasearly,sheturnedofftheradioandwenttobed.A.BecauseB.ThoughC.SinceD.As()2.Whichshirtismoreexpensive,thewhiteone________thegreenone?A.andB.orC.butD.so()3.Workhard,________you’lllearnEnglishwell.A.andB.butC.forD.or()4.Youmaygo________youcleantheclassroom.A.beforeB.becauseC.assoonasD.after()5.Heisateacher________Iamafarmer.A.orB.soC.butD.while()6.Ilikeautumn________Icanhavealotoffruit.A.butB.ifC.thoughD.because()7.________Jim________Katehascome.Idon’tknowwhentheywillcome.A.Both…andB.Notonly….butalsoC.Neither….norD.either…or()8.He’sathomethesedays.Youmaycome________today________tomorrow.A.either…orB.both….andC.notonly…butalsoD.neither…nor()9.Mygrandmaisold________strong.A.andB.orC.butD.so()10.Theboyisclever,________,heoftenmakesmistakes.A.andB.howeverC.whenD.or()11.You’dbetterputonmoreclothes,________it’sverycoldoutside.A.forB.andC.becauseofD.or()12.________Iwentintotheclassroom,,thestudentsweretalkingaboutthefilm.A.WhileB.AfterC.WhenD.Before()13.We’llgobacktothefields________thesnowstops.A.assoonasB.becauseC.butD.and()14.Theplaneflewsohigh________itlookedverysmall.A.thatB.whyC.whetherD./()15.Ididn’tgetup________Fathercamebackfromthefactory.A.whenB.untilC.whileD.because()16.Idon’tknow________ornotwe’llhaveanexamtomorrow.A.ifB.whenC.whetherD.thatif()17.Pleasespeakloudly________Icanhearalittlebetter.A.thoughB.sothatC.thatD.while()18.Pleasespeakloudly________Icanhearalittlebetter.A.thoughB.sothatC.suchthatD.as()19.Ringmeup________youcometomyhouse.A.thoughB.asC.beforeD.than()20.Morepeoplecame________Iexpected.A.asifB.sothat