Period4單元語法講練(Usinglanguage)復(fù)習(xí)五種主要時(shí)態(tài)美文誦讀語法體悟There①areamusementparks，themeparksandzoosinmycity．MyparentsandI②willvisitthemostfamouslocalzootomorrow．Actually，I③wenttherelastyearwithmyfriends，andthezooleftadeepimpressiononme．Wespentthreehoursthereandhadgreatfun．Sofar，millionsofvisitors④havevisitedthezooandIbelievemorevisitors⑤willcomeinthefuture．HowIwishtohaveanearlyvisittoitagain！Thisafternoon，Ispenttwohoursmakingpreparations．NowI⑥amwonderinghowIwillenjoymytrip．左欄斜體單詞在句中使用了不同的時(shí)態(tài)，表示謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間。其中①使用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；②和⑤使用了一般將來時(shí)；③使用了一般過去時(shí)；④使用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其構(gòu)成是have/has＋過去分詞；⑥使用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，其構(gòu)成是am/is/are＋動(dòng)詞-ing形式。初中階段，同學(xué)們主要學(xué)習(xí)了以下五種時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)。本單元將復(fù)習(xí)這五種時(shí)態(tài)。一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1．構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞原形(主語是單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式)2．用法(1)表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與always，often，usually，seldom，sometimes，hardly，never，everyday，onceaweek等連用。Heoftenhelpshisstudentswiththeirstudies．他經(jīng)常在學(xué)習(xí)上幫助他的學(xué)生們。Hehasauniquewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting．他有一種獨(dú)特的方法使得他的課生動(dòng)有趣。(2)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。ChinaliesintheeastofAsia．中國在亞洲的東部。(3)在時(shí)間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。Iwilltellherthegoodnewswhenshecomestomorrow．她明天來的時(shí)候我將把這個(gè)好消息告訴她。Ifitisfinetomorrow，weshallvisittheGreatWall．如果明天天氣晴朗，我們就去游覽長城。(4)表示按計(jì)劃或時(shí)間表將要發(fā)生的事，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。Themeetingbeginsat2：00intheafternoonandendsat5：00．會(huì)議下午兩點(diǎn)開始，五點(diǎn)結(jié)束。單句語法填空/單句寫作①Asweallknow，theearth________(go)aroundthesun．②Theplane________(take)offat10am，sowehaveenoughtimetogettotheairport．③當(dāng)我說英語時(shí)，我經(jīng)常感到有些緊張。WhenI____________，Ioften________________________．④他總是乘公共汽車去上班，而且每天晚飯后和妻子一起散步。Healways____________bybus，and____________withhiswifeafterdinnereveryday．二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1．構(gòu)成：be(am/is/are)＋動(dòng)詞-ing形式2．用法(1)此時(shí)此刻正在發(fā)生、進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Ourfriendsarewaitingforusoutsidenow．我們的朋友們現(xiàn)在正在外面等著我們。Heispreparingfortheexam．他正在準(zhǔn)備考試。(2)與always，constantly，continually，forever，allthetime等狀語連用，帶有某種強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩(如贊揚(yáng)、不滿、責(zé)備等)，并不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。Heisalwaysthinkingmoreofothersthanofhimself．他總是為別人考慮得多，為自己考慮得少。Theyarecontinuallyvolunteeringtohelpothersinthecommunity．他們不斷志愿幫助社區(qū)里的他人。(3)少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如go，come，leave，arrive，return，begin，die，lose，take等，其現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示預(yù)計(jì)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Myuncleiscomingbackfromabroad．我舅舅要從國外回來。Ladiesandgentlemen，pleasefastenyourseatbelts．Theplaneistakingoff．女士們，先生們，請(qǐng)系好安全帶。飛機(jī)就要起飛了。單句語法填空/單句寫作①He____________(write)abookaboutChinesehistorythesedays．②Alltheclassmates____________(review)theirlessonsintheclassroomnow．③現(xiàn)在，中學(xué)課外活動(dòng)正變得越來越普及。Nowadaysafter-classactivities____________________________inhighschools．三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1．構(gòu)成：have/has＋過去分詞2．用法(1)“已完成用法”：表示動(dòng)作在說話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成(可不指出動(dòng)作發(fā)生的確切時(shí)間)，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生某種后果或影響。常與recently，before，sofar，uptonow，tillnow，inthepastyears，thesedays，ever等時(shí)間狀語連用。TomhasmademuchprogressinhislearningofChinese．湯姆在漢語學(xué)習(xí)方面取得了很大的進(jìn)步。HaveyoueverbeentotheWestLake?你曾經(jīng)去過西湖嗎？(2)“未完成用法”：表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，并且一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至還可能繼續(xù)下去，這時(shí)常和“since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)”或“for＋時(shí)間段”連用。Wehavelivedheresince1994．自1994年以來我們一直住在這里。Ihavetaughtinthisschoolfor30years．我在這所學(xué)校從事教育工作已經(jīng)30年了。(3)在條件、時(shí)間狀語從句中可以表示將來完成的動(dòng)作。Iwon'tbelieveituntilIhaveseenitwithmyowneyes．直到我親眼見到它我才相信。(4)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的常用固定句型：①在“It/Thisisthefirst/second...lasttime＋(that)...”句型中，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。It'sthefirsttime(that)theboyhasspokentoaforeigner．這個(gè)男孩還是第一次同外國人說話。②在“It/This/名詞isthe＋形容詞最高級(jí)＋名詞＋(that)...”句型中，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Yunnanisoneofthemostbeautifulplaces(that)IhaveevervisitedinChina．云南是我在中國曾經(jīng)游覽過的最美麗的地方之一。單句語法填空/單句寫作①Thisisthefirsttimethatshe____________(visit)theGreatWall．②Theprices____________(go)down，butIwonderwhethertheywillremainso．③他已在這個(gè)城市住了三年了，并且交了許多新朋友。He________________forthreeyears，andhe____________________．四、一般過去時(shí)1．構(gòu)成：行為動(dòng)詞過去式或be動(dòng)詞was/were2．用法(1)表示過去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。WhenIwasachild，Ioftenwenttoplayinthatpark．當(dāng)我是個(gè)小孩子時(shí)，我常去那個(gè)公園玩。Lastnightwewenttoenjoyagoodperformance．昨天晚上我們?nèi)バ蕾p了一場(chǎng)不錯(cuò)的演出。(2)表示說話人原來沒有料到/想到的事。Ididn'tknowyouwerehere．Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?我不知道你在這里。你來了多久了？單句語法填空/單句寫作①IknowalittleaboutthecitybecausemywifeandI________(go)thereseveralyearsago．②I________(ask)younottomovemydictionary—nowIcan'tfindit．③我小時(shí)候常去那條河里游泳。WhenIwasyoung，I________________inthatriver．④從那時(shí)起，我下定決心向別人傳遞這種“愛”。Fromthenon，I________________onthe“l(fā)ove”toothers．五、一般將來時(shí)1．構(gòu)成：will/shall＋動(dòng)詞原形。其他表現(xiàn)形式：begoingtodo，beabouttodo和betodo2．用法(1)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常用will/shall＋動(dòng)詞原形，will可用于各種人稱，shall多用于第一人稱，will還表示臨時(shí)作出的決定。Theagreementwillcomeintoforcenextspring．協(xié)議將在明年春天生效?！猅helightisstillon．——燈還亮著?！猄orry，I'llgoandturnitoff．——很抱歉，我這就去關(guān)掉它。(2)begoingto表示按計(jì)劃、打算要做某事，此外，還可以表示根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的跡象對(duì)未來作出判斷。I'mgoingtosellthisoldcar，andbuyanewone．我打算賣掉這輛舊車，買一輛新的。Lookatthesedarkclouds—there'sgoingtobeastorm．看看這些烏云——一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨就要來了。(3)beabouttodo表示即將發(fā)生的將來動(dòng)作，不與時(shí)間狀語連用。Heisabouttocomeout．Pleasewaitamoment．他馬上就要出來。請(qǐng)等一會(huì)兒。(4)betodo表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、職責(zé)、可能性等。Thestudentsaretoleaveschoolnextmonth．這些學(xué)生下個(gè)月就要離校了。Youaretoarriveontimeforthemeeting．你們必須按時(shí)參加會(huì)議。單句語法填空/單句寫作①Workharderandyou____________(succeed)intheend．②Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed，they____________(increase)theirsalesby20%．③我打算去旅行，而且我已經(jīng)在網(wǎng)上訂了票。I________________andIhavebookedtheticketonline．④我正要放棄，這時(shí)我最好的朋友鼓勵(lì)我繼續(xù)下去。I________________________mybestfriendencouragedmetogoon．⑤未經(jīng)警方允許，任何人不得擅自離開這座大樓。Noone________________withoutthepermissionofthepolice．1．(教材原句)Who'sresponsible?*responsibleadj．(對(duì)事故、錯(cuò)誤、罪行等)負(fù)有責(zé)任的，應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任的(responsibilityn．責(zé)任)(1)beresponsiblefor(doing)sth． 對(duì)(做)某事負(fù)責(zé)beresponsibletosb．/sth． (向主管者或上級(jí))承擔(dān)責(zé)任(2)asenseofresponsibility 責(zé)任感take/haveresponsibilityfor... 對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)單句語法填空/單句寫作①Nowthatyouhavegrownup，youshouldberesponsible________whatyouaredoing．②Asanathlete，youshouldtake________(responsible)foryourbehaviorinthetrackandfieldevents．③(應(yīng)用文寫作之環(huán)境保護(hù))保護(hù)環(huán)境不受污染是我們的責(zé)任。____________________theenvironmentfrombeingpolluted/pollution．2．(教材原句)Itaimstodeepenpeople'sunderstandingofissuesthatarerelatedtofamilies．*aimv．力求達(dá)到；瞄準(zhǔn)n．目標(biāo)，目的；瞄準(zhǔn)(aimlessadj．漫無目的的；aimlesslyadv．漫無目的地)(1)aimforsth． 努力爭(zhēng)取某物aimtodosth．＝aimatdoingsth． 力求做某事，力爭(zhēng)做到beaimedat(doing)sth． 目的是/旨在(做)某事(2)withtheaimof... 以……為目標(biāo)；意在……takeaimatsth．/sb． 瞄準(zhǔn)……；對(duì)準(zhǔn)……單句語法填空/一句多譯①Whentheenemyturnedup，thesoldierslowlyraisedthegun，tookaim________himandfired，butmissed．②Therewasatimewhenhehadnothingtodo，wandering________(aim)inthestreetallday．③Acampustalentshowwillbeheldthisweekend________theaimofenrichingourschoollife．④(應(yīng)用文寫作之邀請(qǐng)信)我寫信真誠地邀請(qǐng)你參加我們的乒乓球隊(duì)，該隊(duì)旨在培養(yǎng)我們的愛好，并提高我們的技巧。→Iamwritingtosincerelyinviteyoutojoinourtabletennisteamwhich________________________________．(aimtodo)→Iamwritingtosincerelyinviteyoutojoinourtabletennisteamwhich______________________________________．(beaimedat)3．(教材原句)Withadifferentthemeeachyear，thedayisobservedwithawiderangeofevents...*observev．慶祝，過(節(jié)日、生日等)；觀察到；注意到；遵守(法律、規(guī)則等)(observationn．觀察，觀測(cè))observesb．dosth． 看到某人做了某事observesb．doingsth． 看到某人正在做某事寫出下列句中observe的含義/單句寫作①Therefore，rulesshouldbeworkedoutandstrictlyobserved．____________②I'dliketotellyousomethingabouthowweobservetheSpringFestival．____________③Thefarsideofthemoonisdifficultforustoobserve．____________④Thethiefwasobservedtoopenthewindowandrunaway．____________⑤(讀后續(xù)寫之動(dòng)作描寫)看到那個(gè)男孩在水里掙扎，他毫不猶豫地跳進(jìn)河里救他。________________________inthewater，hejumpedintotherivertorescuehimwithouthesitation．4．(教材原句)Withadifferentthemeeachyear，thedayisobservedwithawiderangeofevents...*rangen．一系列；山脈；范圍v．排列；(在一定范圍內(nèi))變化，變動(dòng)(1)arangeof 一系列awiderangeof 大范圍的；各種各樣的within/inrangeof 在……范圍內(nèi)beyond/outofone'srange 超出某人的能力范圍(2)rangefrom...to...＝rangebetween...and... 在……范圍內(nèi)變化單句語法填空/單句寫作①Histheorywas________therangeofhumans'understandingatthattime．②Peopleliving____________rangeof20kilometrescouldfeeltheterribleshakewhentheearthquakehappenedinthatcountry．③(應(yīng)用文寫作之告知信)自從成立以后，我們學(xué)校的心理健康社團(tuán)舉辦了各種各樣的活動(dòng)，從“麻煩樹”“微笑博物館”到“負(fù)面情緒回收站”等。Sinceitwasfounded，ourschoolmentalhealthclubhasheld__________________，____________“TroubleTree”“SmileExpo”________“NegativeEnergyRecyclingStation”．5．(教材原句)Actouttheconversationtoapologisetoafamilymember．*apologisev．道歉(apologyn．道歉，致歉)(1)apologise(tosb．)for(doing)sth． 因(做了)某事(向某人)道歉(2)make/offeranapologytosb．for(doing)sth． 因(做了)某事向某人道歉accept/refusesb．'sapology 接受/拒絕某人的道歉owesb．a(chǎn)napology 應(yīng)向某人道歉單句語法填空/單句寫作①Ioweyou________apologyforwhatIsaidthismorning．②Hewroteaveryformalletterof________(apologise)tome．③(應(yīng)用文寫作之道歉信)我必須向你道歉，因?yàn)楸局芰也荒芙棠阒谱髦袊Y(jié)了。我真心希望你能接受我真誠的道歉。Ihaveto________________________________________teachyoutomakeChineseknotsthisSaturday．AndI________________________________．6．(教材原句)Placingstressonparticularwordscanhaveabigimpactonthemeaningandstrengthofapologies．*stressn．重音，重讀；強(qiáng)調(diào)；壓力v．重讀；強(qiáng)調(diào)；著重(stressfuladj．壓力重的；緊張的；stressedadj．焦慮不安的)(1)place/lay/putstresson... 重讀/強(qiáng)調(diào)……understress 在壓力之下underthestressof... 在……的壓力下(2)stresstheimportanceof 強(qiáng)調(diào)……的重要性單句語法填空/單句寫作①Whenweare________stress，wetendtofeelanxious．②Theabilitytokeepcalmin________(stress)situationisoneofhisstrengths．③(應(yīng)用文寫作之人物介紹)劉老師經(jīng)常強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)好英語的重要性，這對(duì)我有很大的影響。MrLiuoften_____________________Englishwell，whichhasagreatimpactonme．詞匯1．impactn．作用，影響2．strengthn．強(qiáng)烈程度；力量；強(qiáng)項(xiàng)；長處微練1．Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohikingandaccommodationsai