Period4單元語法講練(Usinglanguage)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句美文誦讀語法體悟Arealfriendissomeone①whowalksinwhentherestoftheworldwalksout．Arealfriendissomeone②whosesupportwecancounton．Arealfriendissomeone③whoseesourtrueself，notjusttheface④thatweshowtotheworld．Yetthesedays，themoderntools⑤thatkeepusconnectedareeatingawayatthemeaningoffriendship．Wemaybeabletomakemanyfriendsonline，butthesefriendshipscanbequiteshallow．Socialmedialikeblogshascomebetweenusandthefriends⑥whomwelove．Textingandmessagingcannottaketheplaceofface-to-facechatting．“Sharing”ourexperiencesonsocialmediaisnotenoughtoexpressthevalues⑦whichmattermosttous．“Liking”ourfriends'photosonlinedoesnotdeveloptheconnection⑧whichweshare．Tomakefriendsarealpartofourlives，weshouldputdownoursmartphonesandmeettheminperson．1．左欄斜體的從句為定語從句，修飾前面的名詞或代詞，被修飾的這些詞叫先行詞。2．定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞叫關(guān)系詞，以上短文中的關(guān)系詞有：who，whose，that，whom，which，這些詞在從句中都充當(dāng)成分，可以作主語，如：①③⑤⑦；可以作賓語，如：④⑥⑧；可以作定語，如：②。一、定語從句的基本概述1．定語從句的定義在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。2．定語從句的分類(1)限制性定語從句：從句在意義上不可缺少，如果去掉，主句的意思就會不完整或失去意義。從句和主句不用逗號分開。(2)非限制性定語從句：從句用來補(bǔ)充說明先行詞或整個主句，如果去掉，主句的意思依然完整。從句和主句往往用逗號隔開。3．關(guān)系詞的作用(1)連接主句和從句。(2)指代先行詞。(3)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。4．關(guān)系詞的分類(1)關(guān)系代詞：that，which，who，whom，whose，as。(2)關(guān)系副詞：when，where，why。二、關(guān)系代詞的基本用法關(guān)系代詞指代在從句中所作的成分是否省略who人主語、賓語作主語和定語時不能省略。在限制性定語從句中，作賓語的who，that，whom，which可以省略whom人賓語which物主語、賓語that人/物主語、賓語、表語、狀語whose人/物定語as物主語、賓語、表語Sheisthegirlwho/thatlivesnextdoor．她就是住在隔壁的女孩。Shewantstofindthekid(who/whom/that)shemetyesterday．她想找到昨天她遇見的那個孩子。She'sthestudentwhosehandwritingisthebestinmyclass．她就是我班里書法最好的學(xué)生。Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen．請遞給我那本綠色封皮的書。Theletter(that/which)Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommyfather．昨天我收到的那封信是我父親寄來的。Chinaisacountrythat/whichhasalonghistory．中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。[名師點(diǎn)津]關(guān)系代詞替代先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語、表語或狀語，因此定語從句中不能再出現(xiàn)關(guān)系代詞所替代的名詞或代詞。[誤]Thebook(that/which)youlentittomeyesterdayisveryinteresting．[正]Thebook(that/which)youlenttomeyesterdayisveryinteresting．昨天你借給我的那本書非常有趣。用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句合并下列句子①Ihaveafriend．Helikeslisteningtoclassicalmusic．→___________________________________________________________________②Thefilmwasquiteinteresting．Wesawitlastnight．→___________________________________________________________________③MrChenisagoodlistener．Youcanshareyoursecretswithhim．→___________________________________________________________________④Themanistalkingwithmyfather．Heisapoliceman．→___________________________________________________________________⑤Wearecollectingmoneyfortheoldcouple．Theirhousehasburntdowninabigfire．→___________________________________________________________________三、關(guān)系代詞只用that不用which的情況1．先行詞是all，much，few，little，everything，anything，nothing，none，theone等不定代詞時。Weshoulddoeverythingthatisusefultothepeople．我們應(yīng)該做一切有益于人民的事。2．先行詞被all，few，little，much，every，some，no等詞修飾時。Ihavereadallthebooksthatwereborrowedfromothers．我已經(jīng)讀了從別人那里借來的所有書。3．先行詞被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast等限定詞修飾時。ThisistheverybusthatIamwaitingfor．這正是我正在等的公交車。4．當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級或被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級修飾時。Thisisthesmallestcomputerthatcanbefoundintheworldnow．這是目前發(fā)現(xiàn)的世界上最小的計算機(jī)。5．先行詞既指人又指物時。Doyouknowthepersonsandthingsthattheyaretalkingabout?你知道他們正在談?wù)摰娜撕褪聠幔?．先行詞在主句中作表語時。Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe．上海不再是過去的那座城市了。單句語法填空①Thehouse____________standsonthetopofthehillwasbuiltafewyearsago．②Allthemoney________theyhadcollectedwasgiventothepoorgirl．③Thisisthelongestandwideststreet______hasbeenbuiltsofarinourtown．④Themanistalkingabouttheteachersandthings________encouragedhimgreatlyinschool．⑤Theriver____________runsthroughthecenterofthecitybringsuslotsofpleasure．1．(教材原句)Herideasarealwaysinspiring．*inspiringadj．鼓舞人心的，啟發(fā)靈感的[inspirev．鼓舞，鼓勵；啟發(fā)思考；使產(chǎn)生(感覺或情感)；inspiredadj．能力卓越的；inspirationn．靈感；啟發(fā)靈感的人或事物]inspiresb．todosth． 激勵某人做某事inspiresb．withsth．＝inspiresth．insb． 使某人產(chǎn)生(感覺或情感)單句語法填空/單句寫作①Believeitornot，thegoodnewsinspiredus________hope．②Dreamscanbearichsourceof________(inspire)foranartist．③(讀后續(xù)寫之動作描寫)他拍了拍我的肩膀，激勵我繼續(xù)用英語寫作，并相信我會在寫作中取得巨大成就。Pattingmeontheshoulder，he________________________andbelievedthatIwouldmakegreatachievementsinwriting．2．(教材原句)...oneglassofcomfort，twodropsofpatience，onebagofpassion...*comfortn．安慰，慰藉v．安慰(comfortableadj．舒服的；舒適的)(1)incomfort 舒適地；放松地beacomforttosb． 對某人來說是一種安慰(2)Itcomfortssb．todosth． 做某事讓某人得到安慰。單句語法填空/單句寫作①Itcomfortedher____________(feel)hermother'sarmsaroundher．②Thiswillenabletheaudiencetosit________comfortwhilewatchingtheshows．③Onlyinthiswaycanweliveinmore______(comfort)andbeautifulsurroundings．④得知你在這里過得很愉快是令人欣慰的事。________________thatyouhavehadfunstayinghere．3．(教材原句)...oneglassofcomfort，twodropsofpatience，onebagofpassion...*patiencen．耐心(patientadj．有耐心的；能忍耐的n．病人；patientlyadv．耐心地；impatiencen．不耐煩；impatientadj．不耐煩的；沒有耐心的)(1)have/losepatiencewith 對……有/失去耐心withpatience 耐心地(2)bepatientwithsb． 對某人有耐心bepatientofsth． 忍耐某事單句語法填空/單句寫作①Finallyhelosthis________(patient)andstartedtoshoutathispartner．②Realizingmynegativemood，myheadteachertalkedwithme________(patient)aboutit．③(應(yīng)用文寫作之人物介紹)他是一個對學(xué)生有耐心的老師，因此他贏得了所有學(xué)生的尊敬。Heisateacher________________________________，sohewinstherespectofallthestudents．(含定語從句的復(fù)合句)4．(教材原句)theabilitytowaitwithoutbecominganxiousorangry*anxiousadj．焦慮的，不安的；渴望的(anxietyn．焦慮，憂慮，擔(dān)心；anxiouslyadv．焦急地，憂慮地，渴望地)(1)beanxiousforsb．/aboutsth． 為……擔(dān)心(憂慮)beanxiousforsth． 渴望得到be(too)anxious(forsb．)todosth． (非常)渴望(某人)做某事(2)withanxiety 焦慮地單句語法填空/單句寫作①Obviously，peoplewhoareunderpressuretendtobeanxious________theirworkandlife．②I'mindeedanxious____________(get)thepreciousopportunityandlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply．③(讀后續(xù)寫之情感描寫)他正焦急地等待著結(jié)果，如坐針氈。________________________________asifhewereonpinsandneedles．5...．oruseapasttensetodistanceyourselffromthesuggestion...*distancev．使與……保持距離，撇清和……的關(guān)系n．距離；遠(yuǎn)處；冷淡(distantadj．遙遠(yuǎn)的；冷淡的)(1)distanceoneselffrom 使自己與……保持距離； 撇清自己與……的關(guān)系(2)inthedistance 在遠(yuǎn)處at/fromadistance 從遠(yuǎn)處；離一段距離atadistanceof 在……遠(yuǎn)的地方keepone'sdistancefrom...＝keep...atadistance 與……保持距離單句語法填空/單句寫作①Inthedarkofthenight，thelightsofthesmalltownarelikethe________(distance)fireflies．②Theboywhoisstanding________thedistancehasatalentforwriting．③(應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信)了解到其他同學(xué)總是疏遠(yuǎn)你，我寫信給你一些建議。____________________________________，Iamwritingtoofferyousomesuggestions．詞匯1．qualityn．[C]素質(zhì)，品德[U，C]質(zhì)量，品質(zhì)2．postponev．使(事件、行動等)延期，推遲微練1．Theprinterisgood________quality．Ifitbrokedownwithinthefirstyear，wewouldrepairitatourexpense．2．They'vedecidedtopostpone________(have)afamilyforawhile．Period4語法精講即時訓(xùn)練1①Ihaveafriendwho/tha