主題素養(yǎng)練（十）A卷(時(shí)間：30分鐘滿分：40分)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(共11小題，每小題2.5分，共27.5分)ATheAll-rounder—LeaveThisCleverCleanertoVacuumandMoptheFloors,ThenWashandDryItselfADVANCEDEFFICIENCYCombiningapowerfulvacuumwithanadvancedmoppingsystem,allinoneneatpackage,theRoborockOrevoMaxVmakesiteasierthanevertokeepyourfloorslookingandfeelingtheirbest.Iteffortlesslymopshardfloorsandremovesdust,dirt,hairandotherrubbishfrommostfloorsurfaces,thankstoitsextremevacuumabilityandFlexiArmDesign,whichhelpseliminate(消除)blindspotsandachievegreatercoverage.SELFCLEANINGThishard-workingrobotdoesn'tjustkeepyourfloorsclean;italsowashesanddriesitselftoensureitdeliversthebestresultsandcreateslessworkforyou.Themopautomaticallycleansitselfasitworks,thentheMultifunctionalDock2.0systemrunsacleaningcyclethatincludesemptyingdustanddirt,refillingtherobot'swatertank,cleaningthemopwithhotwaterandthendryingitwithwarmair.FLEXIBLEFEATURESSay“HelloRocky”followedbycommandstogettherobottostartorpausecleaningaspecificareaandmoreperfectforunexpectedspills.TheRoborockQrevoMaxValsohasautomaticpetrecognition,enablingittomoveasidetoavoidscaringfurryfriends.PUREPERFORMANCEWithlong-rangeprojectionforthelargestofspaces,andtheabilitytocaptureandreportonpollutantsinrealtime,therobotprovidesabreathoffreshair.Itsacoustically(聲學(xué))engineeredmotorisquiettorun,evenatfullpower,anditsgentlebreezemodeoffersaneasilyadjustableairflowangleforamorerefreshingfeel.[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹的是RoborockOrevoMaxV這款全能型智能清潔機(jī)器人的特點(diǎn)和功能。1．WhichofthefollowingisanappealingfeatureoftheCleverCleaner?A．Itdoesn'tneedanywater.B．Itcleverlyavoidsblindspots.C．Ittakesgreatefforttomophardfloors.D．Itautomaticallypreparesitselfforthenexttask.D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SELFCLEANING部分“Themopautomaticallycleansitselfasitworks,thentheMultifunctionalDock2.0systemrunsacleaningcyclethatincludesemptyingdustanddirt,refillingtherobot'swatertank,cleaningthemopwithhotwaterandthendryingitwithwarmair.”可知，CleverCleaner的一個(gè)吸引人的特點(diǎn)是它的自動(dòng)清潔功能可以為下一個(gè)任務(wù)做準(zhǔn)備。故選D。]2．Howcanthecleaningrobotgetstarted?A．Makethesoundof“HelloRocky”．B．Putitbacktothemaincontainer.C．Layafurryfriendinfrontofit.D．Chooseamodebypressingabutton.A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FLEXIBLEFEATURES部分“Say‘HelloRocky’followedbycommandstogettherobottostartorpausecleaningaspecificareaandmoreperfectforunexpectedspills.”可知，說(shuō)“HelloRocky”就可以讓清潔機(jī)器人啟動(dòng)，故選A。]3．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．Asciencereport.B．Anadvertisingposter.C．Anacademicessay.D．Anenvironmentalbrochure.B[文章出處題。本文主要介紹的是RoborockOrevoMaxV這款全能型智能清潔機(jī)器人的特點(diǎn)和功能，因此可能來(lái)自一張廣告海報(bào)。故選B。]B(2025·福州市高三年級(jí)第一次質(zhì)量檢測(cè))FloatingpiecesofArcticseaicerolledintocomplicatedpatternsasoceancurrentscarriedthemsouthalongGreenland'seastcoastinspring2024.TheMODIS(中分辨率成像光譜儀)onNASA'sTerrasatelliteseizedamomentofthisdizzyingjourneyonJune4，2024.Muchoftheicehaslikelyflowedagreatdistancetogettothispoint.TheFramStrait,connectingtheArcticOceanwiththeGreenlandSea,servesastheprimaryrouteforseaiceoutoftheArctic.Alongtheway,itbreaksintosmallerpiecesandstartstomeltinwarmeroceanwaters.“Thesmallerthefloatingice,themore‘wispy’thepatterns，”saidWaltMeier,aseaicescientist.Thesmallicepiecesmayonlybemetersacross—toosmalltodistinguishinMODISimagery.Theirgatheringformsthesmoke-likecloudsonthewatersurface.Asthesummerwearson,icewillcontinuetobecarriedoutoftheArctic.Butinrecentyears,moreoftheArcticOcean'sseaicehasbecometooyoungandthintomakethejourneysouth,notedAngelaBliss,aseaicescientistatNASA'sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter.“Historically,whenmoreoftheArcticseaicewouldsurvivethesummermeltseason,growingthickerandolder,alargervolumeofseaicewouldbetransportedthroughtheFramStrait，”shesaid.Someclimatescientistsarewatchingthisdecreasedflowclosely.ThemovementofseaiceandfreshwateroutoftheArcticisacomponentofoceancirculation(環(huán)流)patternsthatdistributeheataroundtheplanet.The“globaloceanconveyorbelt”transportscoldwatersouthandwarmwaternorth,contributingtoclimateconditionsworldwide.“Lessiceandfreshwatertransporthavebigimpactsonoceanproductivity,aswellaswarmingupperoceantemperatures,intheregion，”saidBliss.A2023studylookingattwodecadesofrelatedobservationsfoundthattheEastGreenlandCurrentismovinglessseaicethroughtheFramStrait,primarilyduetoseaicethinning.TheresearchersobservedthatsummertimesurfacewatertemperaturesoffGreenlandhaverisen,inpartduetotheincreasedpresenceofheat-absorbingopenwater.[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是說(shuō)明文。本文以2024年6月4日美國(guó)航空航天局Terra衛(wèi)星上的MODIS捕捉到北極海冰運(yùn)動(dòng)這件事引出近年來(lái)北極海冰運(yùn)動(dòng)減少這一現(xiàn)象，進(jìn)而分析其減少的影響和原因。4．WhatdoestheNASAimagemainlyshow?A．Thelengthofthecoastline.B．ThejourneytotheArctic.C．Asceneofseaicemovement.D．ApatternoftheArcticice.C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，2024年6月4日美國(guó)航空航天局Terra衛(wèi)星上的MODIS捕捉到了一段令人眼花繚亂的行程：2024年春天，漂浮著的北極海冰隨著洋流沿著格陵蘭島東海岸向南移動(dòng)，翻滾成復(fù)雜的圖案?！皌hisdizzyingjourney”指代上文提到的北極海冰運(yùn)動(dòng)，所以美國(guó)航空航天局的圖像主要展示了北極海冰運(yùn)動(dòng)，故選C。A項(xiàng)“海岸線的長(zhǎng)度”；B項(xiàng)“前往北極的旅程”；D項(xiàng)“北極冰的圖案”。]5．Whatdoestheunderlined“wispy”possiblymean?A．Typical. B．Delicate.C．Evident. D．Similar.B[詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文的“Theirgatheringformsthesmoke-likecloudsonthewatersurface”可知，小的海冰碎片聚集在一起，在水面形成煙狀的云。再結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，漂浮的海冰越小，形成的圖案就越精美。delicate“微小的，精美的，小巧玲瓏的”，符合文中對(duì)海冰圖案的描述，故B項(xiàng)最接近畫(huà)線詞的意思。A項(xiàng)“典型的”；C項(xiàng)“明顯的”；D項(xiàng)“相似的”。]6．Whyareclimatescientistsmonitoringthereducedflow?A．Itaffectsthebalanceofglobalheat.B．ItencouragesArcticoceandiversity.C．Itleadstothepollutionoffreshwater.D．Itspeedsupthe“oceanconveyorbelt”．A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第五段首句講一些氣候科學(xué)家正在密切關(guān)注這種減少的流動(dòng)，接著講海冰和淡水從北極流出的運(yùn)動(dòng)是海洋環(huán)流模式的一個(gè)組成部分，而海洋環(huán)流模式在全球范圍內(nèi)分配熱量，“全球海洋傳送帶”向南輸送冷水，向北輸送暖水，影響了全球氣候條件。冰和淡水運(yùn)輸?shù)臏p少對(duì)區(qū)域的海洋生產(chǎn)力產(chǎn)生了重大影響，同時(shí)也使海洋上層溫度升高。由此可知，北極海冰流動(dòng)的減少會(huì)影響海洋環(huán)流模式，從而影響全球熱量的分配，故選A。]7．Whatcanweknowaboutthechangingseaiceinthelastparagraph?A．Itstheoreticalbasis.B．Itseconomicpromise.C．ItsimpactontheFramStrait.D．Itslinkwiththeclimatesystem.D[推理判斷題。最后一段講研究發(fā)現(xiàn)通過(guò)弗拉姆海峽的海冰減少，這主要是由于海冰變薄。此外，格陵蘭島夏季的地表水溫已經(jīng)上升，部分原因是吸收熱量的公共水域增加。由此可知，海冰減少會(huì)使區(qū)域的地表水溫上升，即海冰的變化與氣候系統(tǒng)有關(guān)系，故選D。A項(xiàng)“它的理論基礎(chǔ)”；B項(xiàng)“它的經(jīng)濟(jì)前景”；C項(xiàng)“它對(duì)弗拉姆海峽的影響”。]C(2025·南昌市高三摸底測(cè)試)AstudybyresearchersatNanyangTechnologicalUniversity,Singapore(NTUSingapore)hasshownthattheuseofcoolpaintcoatingsincitiescanhelppedestrians(行人)feelupto1．5degreesCelsiuscooler，makingtheurbanareamorecomfortableforworkandplay.Coolpaintcoatingscontainadditivesthatreflectthesun'sheattoreducesurfaceheatabsorptionandemission.Theyhavebeentouted(吹捧)asonewaytocooldowntheurbanareaandrelievetheUrbanHeatIslandeffect,aphenomenoninwhichurbanareasexperiencewarmertemperaturesthantheiroutlyingsurroundings.Todate,moststudiesofcoolpaintcoatingshavebeeneithersimulation-based(基于模擬的)ortestedinscaled-downmodels,andunderstandingofitsapplicationinreal-worldsituationsislimited.Now,NTUresearchershaveconductedafirst-of-its-kindreal-worldstudyinthetropics—coatingtheroofs，walls,androadpavementsofanindustrialareainSingapore—tocomprehensivelyevaluatehowwellcoolpaintcoatingsworkinreducingcityheat.Bycomparisonwithanearbyuncoatedarea,theteamdiscoveredthatthecoatedenvironmentwasuptotwodegreesCelsiuscoolerintheafternoon,withpedestrianthermalcomfortlevelimprovingbyupto1．5degreesCelsius,measuredbyusingtheUniversalThermalClimateIndex,acommoninternationalstandardforthehumanoutdoortemperaturesensationthattakesintoaccounttemperature,relativehumidity,thermalradiation，andwindspeed.Comparedtoconventionalroofs,theroofswiththecoolpaintcoatingreflected50percentmoresunlightandabsorbedupto40percentlessheatasaresult,duringthehottesttimeofasunnyday.Thecoatedwallsalsopreventedmostoftheheatfromenteringtheindustrialbuildings.Leadinvestigator,AssociateProfessorWanManPunattheNTUSchoolofMechanical&AerospaceEngineering，said，“ResultsofthestudyarerelevantnotjustforcitiesinSingaporewhereitishotallyearround,butforotherurbanareasaroundtheworldtoo.Withglobalwarming,peoplewillincreasinglylookforwaystostaycool.OurstudyproveshowcoolpaintcoatingscanbeastrategytoreducetheUrbanHeatIslandeffectinfuture.”[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)冷漆涂料能給酷熱的城市降溫，有效緩解城市的熱島效應(yīng)。8．Whatarecoolpaintcoatingsintendedfor?A．Beautifyingpublicsurroundings.B．Improvingeco-friendlyadditives.C．Shelteringpeoplefromglobalwarming.D．Bringingtemperaturesdownincities.D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Theyhavebeentouted(吹捧)asonewaytocooldowntheurbanareaandrelievetheUrbanHeatIslandeffect”可知，冷漆涂料旨在讓城市溫度降下來(lái)并緩解城市熱島效應(yīng)。故選D。D項(xiàng)中的“Bringingtemperaturesdown”和文中的“cooldown”是同義替換。]9．WhatisspecialabouttheNTUstudyofcoolpaintcoatings?A．It'sconductedandtestedinpracticallife.B．Itsconclusionscanbeapplieddomestically.C．Itgivesafulldescriptionofthepaintcoatings.D．It'sbasedontheUniversalThermalClimateIndex.A[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Now，NTUresearchershaveconductedafirst-of-its-kindreal-worldstudy...inreducingcityheat”可知，南洋理工大學(xué)的研究人員在熱帶地區(qū)進(jìn)行了第一次該類的現(xiàn)實(shí)世界研究——在新加坡一個(gè)工業(yè)區(qū)的屋頂、墻壁和道路路面上涂上涂料——以全面評(píng)估冷漆涂料在減少城市熱量方面的效果。由此可推知，南洋理工大學(xué)已經(jīng)在實(shí)際生活中對(duì)冷漆涂料進(jìn)行了實(shí)踐和測(cè)試。故選A。A項(xiàng)中的“practicallife”是對(duì)文中“real-world”的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。]10．WhichaspectoftheresearchisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Thebasics. B．Thefindings.C．Theprocess. D．Thesubjects.B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段，尤其是“theteamdiscoveredthatthecoatedenvironment...1．5degreesCelsius”可知，研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，涂了冷漆涂料的環(huán)境在下午涼爽了高達(dá)2攝氏度，行人的熱舒適度提高了1．5攝氏度之高。因此，本段重點(diǎn)圍繞研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)而展開(kāi)。故選B。]11．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．NewPaintCoatingsRemoveCityHeatB．NewPaintCoatingsCoolUrbanSettingsC．CoolPaintCoatings:ASolutiontoGlobalWarmingD．CoolPaintCoatings:NoMoreHeatinUrbanRegionsB[標(biāo)題歸納題。本文的核心主題是介紹冷漆涂料在城市環(huán)境中的應(yīng)用及其降溫效果。A項(xiàng)“新型涂料涂層消除城市熱量”；B項(xiàng)“新型涂料涂層冷卻城市環(huán)境”；C項(xiàng)“冷漆涂料：應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖的解決方案”；D項(xiàng)“冷漆涂料：讓城市無(wú)更多熱量”。故B項(xiàng)作本文標(biāo)題最佳。]Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(共5小題，每小題2.5分，共12.5分)(2025·南京市學(xué)情調(diào)研)AlwaystheOutsider?OneofthethingsIusedtofearwasbeingthenewgirlintheoffice—inthekitchenmakingcoffeewhilethein-crowdchattedabouttheweekend.IworriedthatIwasn'tgoodenoughorsmartenough.1()I'dstruggleforwordswhiletryingtolookcool.Backatschool,IwasbestfriendswithKateandCathyuntilwehadtowalkacrosstheroadintwos,andguesswhowasleftout!I'vealwaysbeentheoutsiderfromschooldaystoofficelife.OristhatthestoryIhavetoldmyself?Asinsomanyareasoflife,theonlythingyoucancontrolisyourresponse.IremindmyselfofwhatEleanorRooseveltsaid：“2()”Theonlypersonmakingmefeellikeanoutsiderismyself.ThesearethelessonsIhavelearnedalongtheway：·Startinganywherenew,youjusthavetofindyourpeople,theonesthatgetyou.3()It'sOKtotakeyourtimeandfigureoutifyou'retherightfitforeachother.Havefaiththatyouwillfindtherightpeopleforyou.·Veryoftenit'sourbeliefsystemsthattelluswedon'tfitin.Wearereplayingthestoriesfromchildhoodandneedtorewritethescript(劇本).4()Whenareyouassumingthatyou'llbeonyourown?Whatfearsareyouprojectingontoyourself?·Practiceself-acceptance.Remindyourselfthatit'sOKtohaveadifferentwayofoperatingintheworld.·5()Sometimes,interactionswithrandomstrangerscanhelpusfeelmoreconfidentinallourrelationships.Forexample,volunteeringcanmakeusfeelconnectedandgiveusasenseofbelonging.A．Don'tchargeintofriendships,though.B．Startnoticingyourpatternsofmentalities.C．IfIwasaskedaquestion,panicwouldsetin.D．Noonecanmakeyoufeellowerwithoutyouragreement.E．Thefeelingofbeinganoutsiderwouldforcemetoshutup.F．Trydoingsomethingtotakeyourselfoutofyourcomfortzone.G．Weallfeelalittlelostandawkwardsometimes—you'renottheonlyone.[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是說(shuō)明文。文章列舉了幾項(xiàng)避免自己成為局外人的建議。1．C[下文講到“我”會(huì)努力組織語(yǔ)言，同時(shí)試圖看起來(lái)很酷。由此可推知，此處說(shuō)的是“我”被問(wèn)到問(wèn)題時(shí)會(huì)非常緊張與恐慌，C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。C項(xiàng)中的panic與空后一句中的“struggleforwordswhiletryingtolookcool”呼應(yīng)。故選C項(xiàng)。]2．D[空前講到“我”記得某個(gè)人說(shuō)過(guò)的話，此處應(yīng)該是這個(gè)人的話且與自己的想法或反應(yīng)有關(guān)；結(jié)合空后的“讓我感覺(jué)到像局外人的唯一的人就是我自己”可知，此處應(yīng)該講要認(rèn)識(shí)到別人不能讓你成為局外人，故選D項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有人能不經(jīng)過(guò)你的同意讓你覺(jué)得低人一等”。]3．A[根據(jù)下文“It'sOKtotakeyourtime...youwillfindtherightpeopleforyou”(可以花點(diǎn)時(shí)間弄清楚你們是否適合彼此。相信你會(huì)找到適合的人)可知，此處是說(shuō)要花時(shí)間了解對(duì)方，不能急于建立友誼。A項(xiàng)“Don'tchargeintofriendships，though”(不過(guò)，不要急于建立友誼)符合語(yǔ)境。其中的“friendships”與下文中的“therightfitforeachother”和“therightpeopleforyou”屬于同義轉(zhuǎn)換。]4．B[空前講我們需要重新編寫(xiě)劇本，空后兩句“你設(shè)想一下什么時(shí)候你會(huì)獨(dú)自一人？你把什么恐懼投射到自己身上？”涉及人的心態(tài)，故此處是說(shuō)人們需要關(guān)注自己的心態(tài)來(lái)改變自己，所以B項(xiàng)“開(kāi)始注意你的心態(tài)模式”符合語(yǔ)境。]5．F[下文講到與陌生人互動(dòng)可以讓我們對(duì)自己的所有關(guān)系更自信，比如做志愿工作可以讓我們感覺(jué)與別人相連并且能給我們一種歸屬感。所以該段主要講述了要走出舒適區(qū)，接觸新的事物，故F項(xiàng)“嘗試做一些事情讓自己走出舒適區(qū)”符合語(yǔ)境。]B卷(時(shí)間：30分鐘滿分：40分)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(共4小題，每小題2.5分，共10分)(2024·湖北省2025屆高三起點(diǎn)考試)Newtechnologiestendtocauseacycleofconcern,disorder,andconflictbeforeeventuallybeingaccepted.Recentwritingsaboutartificialintelligence(AI)andotheradvancesincomputersciencesuggestthatwearepreparingtowelcomethefinalstageofthislatestroundofinvention.TheLastHumanJob,sociologistAllisonPugh'snewbookcenteredoncare-givingandhumanconnectionsintheageofautomation,warnsreadersagainstunreservedacceptanceofthesetechnologicaladvances,citing“connectivelabor”asvaluablehumanworkthatwillnotbeeasilyreplacedbyalgorithms(算法).“AbsentfromdiscussionsaboutAIandautomation，”Pughargues，“istheimpactthatthesesystemsmighthaveontheemotionalunderstandingswebuildofourselvesandothers.”Pughsetsthestagebyarguingforthevalueofhumanconnectionsandtheimportanceofbothseeingandbeingseenbyothers.“Practitioners(從業(yè)者)saidtheygainedasenseofpurposesimplyfromtheopportunityofobservingpeopleattheirmostdefenseless，”sheobserves.Shethenprovidesasummaryofhowcareworkisbeingincreasinglyautomated,showinghowquantificationandmeasurementhavetakenovermanyaspectsofhuman-facingjobs,leavinglittleroomfordoctors,teachers,andotherstobuildconnections.“Whenonegoestoadoctororateacher,theencounterisfullofthepotentialforshame,ariskthatmakesitallthemorepowerfulwhenpractitionersshowempathic(同理心的)reflection，”writesPugh.InChapter8,sheexplainshowsuchinteractionscanbedoneright.Researchconductedbyherselfandothersidentifiesthreekeyaspectssupportingconnectivelabor:“relationaldesign，”orhowpeoplearesetuptointeractwithoneanother；“connectiveculture，”orsharedpracticesandbeliefsthatinfluencehowpeopleinteract；and“resourcedistribution，”whichincludestimegivenforinteraction,worker-to-clientrates,andtheextentoftechnologyanddatause,amongotherfactors.Pughconcludesbyarguingthatweneedasocialmovementforconnections.“Weneedtofightforwhatwemightcallour‘socialhealth’，”shemaintains.[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是一篇書(shū)評(píng)。AllisonPugh的新書(shū)TheLastHumanJob聚焦自動(dòng)化時(shí)代的看護(hù)和人際關(guān)系，該書(shū)警告讀者不要完全接受這些技術(shù)進(jìn)步，引證“連接性勞動(dòng)”是有價(jià)值的人類工作，不會(huì)輕易被算法取代。1．WhatisthemainconcernofAllisonPugh'snewbook?A．TheimpactofAIonfutureemployment.B．TheapproachtolivingandworkingwithAI.C．Theincreasingroleoftechnologyincare-giving.D．Thevalueofconnectivelaborintheageofautomation.D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“TheLastHumanJob...citing‘connectivelabor’asvaluablehumanworkthatwillnotbeeasilyreplacedbyalgorithms(算法)”可知，AllisonPugh的新書(shū)TheLastHumanJob聚焦自動(dòng)化時(shí)代的看護(hù)和人際關(guān)系，該書(shū)警告讀者不要完全接受這些技術(shù)進(jìn)步，引證“連接性勞動(dòng)”是有價(jià)值的人類工作，不會(huì)輕易被算法取代。故選D。]2．Whydoestheauthormention“practitioners”inParagraph3?A．Toexplainhowtodocarework.B．Toargueagainsttheautomationtechnology.C．Toprovethesignificanceofhumanconnections.D．Todiscussthechallengesofprivacyincare-giving.C[推理判斷題。第三段首句講Pugh論證了人際關(guān)系的價(jià)值以及看見(jiàn)他人和被他人看見(jiàn)的重要性。接著作者提及了Pugh對(duì)從業(yè)者的描述，即從業(yè)者說(shuō)，他們獲得人生目標(biāo)，僅僅是因?yàn)橛袡C(jī)會(huì)觀察人們最無(wú)助的時(shí)候。由此可推知，作者提及從業(yè)者是為了佐證第三段首句Pugh論證的觀點(diǎn)，即人際關(guān)系的重要性，故選C。]3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph4referto?A．Theencounter. B．Theshame.C．Therisk. D．Thepotential.A[代詞指代題。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，When引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，“ariskthatmakesitallthemorepowerfulwhenpractitionersshowempathic(同理心的)reflection”是同位語(yǔ)，解釋說(shuō)明“thepotentialforshame”，其中that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。該定語(yǔ)從句修飾“arisk”，也就是修飾“thepotentialforshame”。結(jié)合句意可知，當(dāng)一個(gè)人去看醫(yī)生或老師時(shí)，這種經(jīng)歷充滿了羞恥的可能性，即一種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；當(dāng)從業(yè)者表現(xiàn)出同理心時(shí)，這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)會(huì)使這次經(jīng)歷變得更有效。由此可知，it在此指代上文的“theencounter”，故選A。]4．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．TheoverviewofChapter8.B．Theeffectivewaytointeract.C．Thenewtrendofcare-giving.D．Thefactorsofavoidingshame.B[段落大意題。通讀第四段內(nèi)容可知，第四段首句引用Pugh的描寫(xiě)，說(shuō)明同理心在人際關(guān)系中的作用，借此引出下文對(duì)Pugh書(shū)中第八章節(jié)內(nèi)容的介紹。在第八章節(jié)中，Pugh解釋了如何正確地進(jìn)行這樣的交流，確定了支持連接性勞動(dòng)的三個(gè)關(guān)鍵方面，即“relationaldesign”“connectiveculture”和“resourcedistribution”。由此可知，第四段主要介紹了有效的交流方式，故選B。A項(xiàng)“第八章節(jié)的概述”；C項(xiàng)“看護(hù)的新趨勢(shì)”；D項(xiàng)“避免羞恥的因素”。]Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小題，每小題1分，共15分)(2025·湖北八校協(xié)作高三聯(lián)考)OnefreezingNovemberday,Idrovetothemarketonanicyroadandfoundamotorcyclistlyingonthegroundwithhisbikepartlyunderacar.Ijoinedthecrowdofpeople1himhopingtohelp.Hewasbleeding,hisleftankleandlegclearlybroken,andperhapsworse,hewasstrugglingto2．Thenacar3，andaheavyladywithastickhoppedout.Shetoldherhusband,“Getmyfirst-aidkitandblankets.”Sheput4towork,“Directtrafficaroundus.”“Putoutthosecigarettes！”“Gototheintersectionand5downtheambulance.”Peopleweregratefultobe6．Shekneltontheicygroundand7themotorcyclist.Hewasinthemiddleofanasthma(哮喘)8，soshehelpedhimusehisinhaler(吸入器)，calmedhimandgavehimasenseofsafety.Icouldseehisbreathing9．Shesmiled,“I'manurse.I'mgoingtohelpyou.”Whentheambulancearrived,shehandedoverhis10andofferedtocallthemotorcyclist'swifetomeethimatthehospital.I11，“YourhusbandisOK.No,he'sfine,really,buthe'sbeeninalittleaccident...”Whenweallbegantoleave,Isawthenurse'shusbandhelpingher12，andsupportingherasshe13towalkbacktohercar.Ashewalkedaroundtohisdoor,IaskedherhusbandifshewasOK.“Shehasaspinal(脊柱的)injuryandisin14pain,andkneelingonthecoldgroundisaboutthe15thingforher，”hesaid.“She'llbeinbedforaweeknow.”Iaskedwhyshestopped.Heresponded,“Well,she'sanurse.That'sall.”[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是記敘文。一位善良的護(hù)士不顧自身的病痛，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間跪在冰冷的地上幫助陌生的摩托車手脫離生命危險(xiǎn)。A．supporting B．followingC．cheering D．surroundingD[根據(jù)上文可知摩托車手倒在地上，周圍人在圍觀并希望能提供幫助，所以填surrounding“包圍，圍住”。support“支持，擁護(hù)”；follow“跟隨，跟著”。]A．breathe B．standC．focus D．moveA[根據(jù)第三段中的“Hewasinthemiddleofanasthma(哮喘)8，soshehelpedhimusehisinhaler(吸入器)”可知，傷者出現(xiàn)了呼吸困難。breathe“呼吸”；focus“集中(注意力、精力)于”。]A．sliddown B．pulledupC．setin D．droveoffB[根據(jù)下文的“andaheavyladywithastickhoppedout”可知，一輛車停了下來(lái)。slidedown“向下滑動(dòng)”；pullup“(車)慢慢停下”；setin“(不好的事物)到來(lái)”；driveoff“駛離”。]A．cyclists B．doctorsC．workers D．bystandersD[根據(jù)第一段中的“thecrowdofpeople1himhopingtohelp”及下文的祈使句可知，她讓旁觀者開(kāi)始工作。bystander“旁觀者”。]A．flag B．waveC．stop D．tailA[根據(jù)上文的“Gototheintersection”可推知，她讓人們?nèi)ナ致房谑疽饩茸o(hù)車停下。此處flag為熟詞生義，flagsthdown意為“揮旗(或揮手)示意停車”；wave“揮手，招手，擺手”；tail“尾隨”。]A．powerful B．uniqueC．useful D．proficientC[根據(jù)上文的“hopingtohelp”和那位女士說(shuō)的話可知，人們很感激自己有用(useful)。powerful“有權(quán)勢(shì)的，有影響力的”；unique“唯一的，獨(dú)一無(wú)二的”；proficient“熟練的，嫻熟的”。]A．persuaded B．interruptedC．a(chǎn)ssessed D．identifiedC[下文講述了摩托車手的狀況，所以填assessed“評(píng)估”。persuade“說(shuō)服”；interrupt“插嘴，打擾”；identify“確認(rèn)，認(rèn)出，鑒定”。句意：她跪在結(jié)冰的地上，評(píng)估著摩托車手(的傷情)。]A．condition B．a(chǎn)ttackC．impact D．symptomB[根據(jù)下文的“soshehelpedhimusehisinhaler(吸入器)”和常識(shí)可知，摩托車手此時(shí)哮喘病正發(fā)作。attack“(尤指突發(fā)疾病的)發(fā)作，侵襲”，符合語(yǔ)境。condition“狀況”；impact“影響”；symptom“癥狀”。]A．improve B．declineC．a(chǎn)ccelerate D．pauseA[根據(jù)上文那位女士幫他使用吸入器，讓他鎮(zhèn)靜，給予他安全感和下文的“Shesmiled,‘I'manurse.I'mgoingtohelpyou.’”可知，摩托車手的呼吸狀況應(yīng)是得到了改善，所以填improve“改善”。decline“下降，衰退”；accelerate“(使)加速，加快”；pause“暫?！?。]10．A．care B．a(chǎn)nalysisC．history D．summaryA[根據(jù)上文的“Whentheambulancearrived”和下文中的“offeredtocallthemotorcyclist'swifetomeethimatthehospital”可推知，救護(hù)車到了，她把照看任務(wù)移交給了救護(hù)人員，主動(dòng)聯(lián)系摩托車手的妻子讓其去醫(yī)院見(jiàn)摩托車手。care“照看，照顧”；analysis“分析”；summary“總結(jié)”。]11．A．suspected B．recordedC．perceived D．overheardD[上文講主動(dòng)給摩托車手的妻子打電話，再根據(jù)下文的說(shuō)話內(nèi)容可知，此處指作者無(wú)意中聽(tīng)到那位女士的電話內(nèi)容。overhear“偶然聽(tīng)到，無(wú)意中聽(tīng)到”，符合語(yǔ)境。suspect“懷疑”；record“記錄”；perceive“注意到，意識(shí)到，察覺(jué)到”。]12．A．onherback B．toherfeetC．downthestreet D．a(chǎn)gainstthewallB[根據(jù)上文中的“Shekneltontheicyground”和下文的“andsupportingherasshe13towalkbacktohercar”可知，此處是說(shuō)丈夫扶著她站起來(lái)。句意：當(dāng)我們都開(kāi)始離開(kāi)時(shí)，我看到護(hù)士的丈夫正在幫助她站起來(lái)，扶著她艱難地走回她的車旁。]13．A．hesitated B．determinedC．paced D．struggledD[根據(jù)上下文可知，護(hù)士拄著拐杖下車，之后跪在地上，且她脊椎有傷，所以此處指她走路顯得很艱難。hesitate“猶豫”；determine“決定，形成”；pace“在……走來(lái)走去”；struggle“掙扎，艱難地行進(jìn)，吃力地進(jìn)行”。]14．A．temporary B．slightC．constant D．dynamicC[結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，脊椎有傷會(huì)讓人持續(xù)疼痛。所以填constant“不斷的”。temporary“臨時(shí)的”；slight“輕微的”；dynamic“動(dòng)態(tài)的”。]15．A．easiest B．bestC．worst D．safestC[根據(jù)常識(shí)并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，跪在冰冷的地上對(duì)脊椎有傷的她來(lái)說(shuō)是最糟糕的事情。]Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空(共10個(gè)空，每空1．5分，共15分)(2025·吉林高中畢業(yè)年級(jí)第一次模擬測(cè)試)AfricanHistoryAfricansarethemostdiversepeopleintheworld.Perhapsthishasaconnectionwiththefactthattheyaretheearliesthumans,1ithasbeenprovedthathumansadapt2thedifferentenvironmentstheyfindthemselvesinovertimeas