任務(wù)1補(bǔ)全“首、中、尾”，快解閱讀七選五命題人常在段首、段中和段尾三個(gè)位置進(jìn)行挖空。位置不同，所起的作用也不同；同時(shí)命題人利用設(shè)空位置的暗示和空處上下文的提示，來考查考生的邏輯思維能力。專家說考情學(xué)霸說對(duì)策2024年新高考Ⅰ卷有4個(gè)小題考查段中句，1個(gè)小題考查段首句；2024年新高考Ⅱ卷有3個(gè)小題考查段中句，2個(gè)小題分別考查段首句和段尾句；2023年新高考Ⅰ卷有4個(gè)小題考查段中句，1個(gè)小題考查段尾句；2023年新高考Ⅱ卷有3個(gè)小題考查段中句，2個(gè)小題分別考查段首句和段尾句。新高考閱讀七選五對(duì)標(biāo)題句的考查較少，對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)句的考查側(cè)重上下文的銜接，所以應(yīng)關(guān)注空前空后關(guān)鍵句中的關(guān)鍵詞和銜接過渡詞匯。考生做題時(shí)，一看結(jié)構(gòu)(設(shè)空位置)；二析邏輯；三找詞語(詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn))。類型1段首設(shè)空題真題示例2024·全國甲卷節(jié)選40Ahealthybreakfastcanstartyourmetabolism(新陳代謝)，whileeatingsmall，healthymealskeepsyourenergyupallday.Avoideatinglateatnight.Trytoeatdinnerearlierandfastfor14－16hoursuntilbreakfastthenextmorning.Studiessuggestthateatingonlywhenyou'remostactiveandgivingyourdigestivesystemalongbreakeachdaymayhelptoregulateweight.A．Eatproperlythroughouttheday.B．Wedon'talwayseatjusttosatisfyhunger.C．Don'tswallowamealonthewaytowork.D．Mostofusneedtodoubletheamountweeat.E．Instead，surroundyourselfwithhealthychoices.F．Formanyofus，moderationmeanseatinglessthanwedonow.G．Thatwon'tleadtocheatingorgivinguponyourneweatingplan.【解題分析】設(shè)空處位于段首，是段落主題句。下文“Ahealthybreakfastcanstart...untilbreakfastthenextmorning.(健康的早餐可以啟動(dòng)你的新陳代謝，而吃少量健康的食物可以讓你一整天都精力充沛。避免在深夜進(jìn)食。盡量早點(diǎn)吃晚飯，禁食14—16個(gè)小時(shí)，直到第二天早上吃早餐。)”指出，我們?cè)谝惶熘械拿總€(gè)時(shí)間段都要健康飲食。A項(xiàng)“一整天都要飲食適當(dāng)?！边m合作本段的主題句。故選A項(xiàng)?！緢D解技巧】1．段首句的特點(diǎn)2．三法定乾坤【關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)撥】段首句往往是段落的主題句或段落小標(biāo)題，也有可能是上段總結(jié)句或段落間的過渡句。1．先看是否是段落主題句或段落小標(biāo)題①設(shè)空在段首，如果設(shè)空處恰好處于段落小標(biāo)題的位置，則該處應(yīng)為段落小標(biāo)題，此時(shí)可根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容與小標(biāo)題相符和小標(biāo)題句式一致原則做出選擇。②設(shè)空在段首，如果設(shè)空處恰好處于段落主題句的位置，則該處應(yīng)為段落主題句，此時(shí)可根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容做出選擇。2．再看是否為上段總結(jié)句或段落間的過渡句從近幾年高考試題來看，段首句有時(shí)候不是段落主題句，而是上段總結(jié)句或者段落間的過渡句。因此考生不能只看設(shè)空位置，一定要跳出段落看上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。類型2段中設(shè)空題真題示例2024·新高考Ⅰ卷節(jié)選Ikeeptworeferencebooksclose-byonmydesk：dictionaryandthesaurus(同義詞詞典).Idon'ttrustmylaptop'sspellchecker.37Ofcourse，thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses，butI'mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.IusetheConciseOxfordDictionaryandtheCollinsThesaurus.A．Idon'toftenusethisdictionary.B．Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C．ButIstilldon'twanttoreplacethem.D．Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E．Ofcourse，adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F．Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G．Dictionariesdon'talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.【解題分析】設(shè)空處位于段中，是過渡句。上文“Idon'ttrustmylaptop'sspellchecker.”提到了作者不相信電腦的拼寫檢查器；下文“Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionaries...withmyfingers.”提到了作者更喜歡實(shí)體書和能用手指翻閱的書頁，說明電子設(shè)備可能不會(huì)考慮上下文，所以B選項(xiàng)“Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.(它不考慮上下文。)”解釋了上文的原因，具有承上啟下的作用。故選B項(xiàng)。【圖解技巧】1．細(xì)節(jié)句2．過渡句【關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)撥】段中設(shè)空題屬于對(duì)主題句的展開?？忌鷳?yīng)尤其注意分析空格前后的邏輯關(guān)系及內(nèi)容的連貫性，注意各句間的銜接。段中設(shè)空的特點(diǎn)主要是以轉(zhuǎn)折手法引出主題句，或者是用來承上啟下的過渡句，也可能是補(bǔ)充前文的具體事實(shí)、事例和說明。解答此類試題時(shí)考生首先應(yīng)確定所缺的句子是細(xì)節(jié)句還是過渡句，對(duì)于這兩類句子，應(yīng)采用不同的方法來解題。類型3段尾設(shè)空題真題示例2023·新高考Ⅱ卷節(jié)選●Paintoftenandpaintfromlife.There'snobetterwaytoimprovethantoputinthosebrushmiles.Whetheryoupaintstilllives，portraits，orlandscapes，paintfromlifeasmuchaspossible.37A．Getoutofyourcomfortzone.B．Makecareerplansandsetgoals.C．Don'tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.D．Shareyourworkifyoufeelcomfortabledoingso.E．You'llhitroadblocks，andyou'llfeeldiscouragedattimes.F．Evaluateyourperformanceand，ifneeded，redefineyourrole.G．You'lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlycomeswithrepetition.【解題分析】設(shè)空處位于段尾，是總結(jié)句。根據(jù)前文“Whetheryoupaintstilllives，portraits，orlandscapes，paintfromlifeasmuchaspossible.(無論你是畫靜物、肖像還是風(fēng)景，都要盡可能多地寫生。)”可知，本段主要講述不斷練習(xí)繪畫，G項(xiàng)“You'lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlycomeswithrepetition.(你將培養(yǎng)出只有重復(fù)才能得到的繪畫肌肉記憶。)”講到這樣做的目的和好處，是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)。故選G?！緢D解技巧】【關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)撥】段尾句通常是結(jié)論性、概括性語句，也有可能是段落間的過渡句。一般而言，當(dāng)段尾句是段落間的過渡句時(shí)，注意選項(xiàng)中的內(nèi)容是否與前后文在同一主題上意義一致或形成對(duì)立、對(duì)比關(guān)系，銜接關(guān)系。A(2025·貴陽高三質(zhì)檢)Howtokeepyourhousecoolintheheat?Asstayingcoolinthesummercanbeexpensive,herearesomeenergyefficiencytipstohelpkeepyourhousecomfortablewithoutbreakingthebank.Plantforshade.Youcanplaceclimbingplantsortall-growingbushesonoutsidewalls.1.．Besides,althoughsouth-facingwindowscanabsorbheat,strategically-placedplantsortreescanalsoregulatethesun'srays.2．．Double-glazedwindowsareknownforitsabilitytokeephomescomfortableinwinter,butitcanalsobebeneficialduringwarmermonths.Suchenergy-efficientwindowscombineinsulatedvinylframes(隔熱乙烯基框架)withlow-emissivitycoatings.Thisnotonlyreducesheatlossinwinterbutalsodeflectstheheatfromthesun,preventingyourhomefrombecomingtoohotandcreatingacomfortableindoorenvironment.Gowiththeairflow.3.．Wheninstallingnewwindows,considerthewindow'sdesignandlayoutfornaturalventilation(通風(fēng)).Awningwindows,positionedhighonabuilding,canprovideventilationevenduringrainandforcewarmairout.4．．Usinganordinaryfancanenhanceairflowatalowcostbyforcingoutwarmthanddrawingincoolerair.Identifycoolpocketsinyourhome,likeabasement,andusefanstodistributethecoolairevenly.Tolivecomfortablyinwinterandsummer,installanair-sourceheatpump.5.．A．ClosethewindowsB．InvestinqualitywindowsC．GobacktobasicsanduseafanD．ThisincreasesheatandmakesyouwarmE．ThiscancreateshadingandreduceheatF．It'shelpfultobemindfulofhowyourhomeinteractswiththeenvironmentG．Itprovidesheatinginwinterandfunctionsasanair-conditioningunitinsummerB(2025·福州高三第一次質(zhì)檢)HowtoBeMoreInterestingNooneisboringandnooneneedstobeperfect.Butmaybeyoufeelthatyouareboringandneedtobemoreinteresting.1.Ifyou'relookingtobemoreinteresting,thenyou'vecometotherightplace.Loosenupandbenatural.Onereasonwhymanypeoplefailtobecomeinterestingpeopleisthattheyworrytoomuchoverthesmallthingsanddon'tcomeacrossasnatural.Theireffortbackfires(產(chǎn)生事與愿違的結(jié)果)onthem,becausetheyarejusttryingtoohard.2.Livealifeonedayatatime.Bepositiveandoptimistic.Interestingpeoplearehappypeople.Thisisoneofthereasonswhywefindthemsointeresting.Whetherweadmititornot,wewanttoknowhowandwhyhappypeoplearesohappy.3.Buildanopenpersonality.Beavailabletotheworldandlookforexcitementinsteadofwaitingforittofindyou.Celebrateflexibilityanda“justgowithit”attitude.Oftentimespeoplearen'tinterestingbecausetheyarereserved.4.Ofcourse,tosomeextent,thisistrue,butyoucanalsotakethistoofar.Byholdingbacktoomuch,you'relimitingyourpotentialandintheprocessofbecominglessinteresting.Themorereservedyouget,themorestatic(停滯的)yourlifeis.5．Beinginterestingmeansdoingthingsyou'veneverdonebeforeandbeingwillingtosharethoseexperienceswithotherpeople.Peoplewhoareboringanddullnormallypossessaverysmallcomfortzone.Sotrytoconstantlyexpandyourcomfortzoneanddareyourselftotrynewthings.Thisisthequickestpathtobecomemoreinteresting.A．Expandyourcomfortzone.B．Trytostayrelaxedandflexible.C．Agoodlaughcouldbethebestmedicine.D．Beinginterestingalsoinvolveshighintelligence.E．Manypeoplefeeltheyneedtoholdbacktoprotectthemselves.F．Moreover,noonereallywantstobearoundanegative,unhappyperson.G．Beinganinterestingpersonissomethingthatcanbelearnedandpracticed.參考答案：[語篇解讀]本文是說明文。文章介紹了幾個(gè)讓房子在天氣炎熱時(shí)保持涼爽的方法。1．E[上文提到在外墻上種植攀爬植物或高大的灌木，故空處承接上文，說明這么做的目的，即提供陰涼，減少熱量。故E項(xiàng)符合語境。]2．B[本段講雙層玻璃窗以其在冬季保持室內(nèi)舒適的能力而聞名，但在較溫暖的月份它也有益。這種節(jié)能窗戶結(jié)合了隔熱乙烯基框架和低輻射涂層。這不僅減少了冬季的熱量損失，還轉(zhuǎn)移了來自太陽的熱量，防止你的家變得太熱，創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)舒適的室內(nèi)環(huán)境。由此可知，本段主要介紹了雙層玻璃窗，對(duì)應(yīng)A、B項(xiàng)中的windows。由本段語境可知B項(xiàng)“購買優(yōu)質(zhì)窗戶”符合語境。]3．F[后文談到安裝新窗時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮窗的設(shè)計(jì)和布局，以保證自然通風(fēng)。位于建筑物高處的遮陽篷窗戶，即使在下雨時(shí)也能提供通風(fēng)，并將熱空氣排出。由此可知，后文主要舉例說明了家里的布局要注意和環(huán)境的互相作用關(guān)系，故F項(xiàng)“注意你的家與環(huán)境的相互作用是有幫助的”符合語境。]4．C[后文說到使用普通風(fēng)扇可以通過排出熱量和吸入較冷空氣來以低成本增加氣流。再結(jié)合本段的“usefan