Choleraisawater-bornediseasethatisspreadthroughpollutedwaterandfood.ItisanillnesscausedbythebacteriumcalledVibriocholera.Itproducesanenterotoxinthatcausespainless，waterydiarrheathatcanquicklyleadtoseveredehydrationanddeathiftreatmentisnotgiven.Mostpeopleinfectedwithcholeradonotbeeill，althoughthebacteriumispresentintheirwastesfor7～14days.Whencholeradoeshappen，morethan90%ofcasesarenotsevereandaredifficulttotellfromothertypesofdiarrhea.Lessthan10%ofillpeopledevelopcholerawithsignsofmoderateorseveredehydration.Apersonmaygetcholerabydrinkingwateroreatingfoodpollutedwiththecholerabacterium.Thediseasecanspreadrapidlyinareaswithoutpropertreatmentofdrinkingwater.Thecholerabacteriummayalsoliveintheenvironmentindirtyriversandcoastalwaters.Shellfisheatenrawcanbeasourceofcholera.Thediseaseisnotlikelytospreaddirectlyfromonepersontoanother，therefore.Choleracanbesimplyandsuccessfullytreatedbyimmediatereplacementofthefluidandsaltslostthroughdiarrhea.Patientscanbetreatedbybeinggivenamixtureofsugarandsalttobemixedwithwateranddrunkinlargeamounts.Peoplewhodevelopseverediarrheaincountrieswherecholerabreaksoutshouldseekmedicalattentionatonce.Inaword，toavoidcholera，weshoulddevelopagoodhabit.Weshouldeatwell-cookedfoodinsteadofrawfood.eq\x(Notes)1．Vibriocholera霍亂弧菌2．enterotoxinn．腸毒素3．diarrhean．腹瀉4．dehydrationn．脫水eq\x(Task)True(T)orfalse(F)．1．Drinkingmuchwaterwithsugarandsaltisuselessinthetreatmentofcholera.(F)2．Inordertoavoidcholera，we’dbettereatcookedshellfish.(T)PeriodOneWarmingUp，Pre-reading&ReadingⅠ.單詞檢測1．scientificadj.科學的sciencen．科學scientistn．科學家2．concludevt.&vi.結(jié)束；推斷出conclusionn．結(jié)論；結(jié)束3．defeatvt.打??；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫；n.失敗4．expertadj.熟練的；經(jīng)驗或知識豐富的；n.專家；行家5．a(chǎn)ttendvt.照顧；護理；出席；參加6．physiciann．醫(yī)生；內(nèi)科醫(yī)師physicaladj.身體的；肉體的7．exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光8．curen．治愈；痊愈；vt.治療；治愈9．challengen．挑戰(zhàn)；vt.向……挑戰(zhàn)10．a(chǎn)bsorbvt.吸收；吸引；使專心11．suspectvt.懷疑；認為；n.嫌疑犯；被懷疑者12．severeadj.嚴重的；劇烈的；嚴厲的13．blamevt.責備；譴責；n.過失；責備14．pollutevt.污染；弄臟15．handlen．柄；把手；vt.處理；操縱16．a(chǎn)nnouncevt.宣布；通告announcementn．宣布；通告17．instructvt.命令；指示；教導instructionn．命令；指示Ⅱ.短語檢測1．putforward提出2．drawaconclusion得出結(jié)論3．expose...to使顯露；暴露4．link...to...將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來Ⅰ.閱讀課文，補全每段的主題句Para.11.IntroductionofJohnSnowandcholera.Para.22.theories2.esexplaininghowcholerakilledpeople.Para.3JohnSnowstudythe3.outbreakin1854totestthetwotheories.Para.4Themapgaveavaluableclueaboutthe4.causeofthedisease.Para.5Thewaterwasto5.blame.Para.6Withextraevidence，JohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythat6.pollutedwatercarriedthedisease.Para.7“KingCholera”was7.defeated.Ⅱ.課文判斷正(T)誤(F)1．Cholerawouldneverbecontrolledevenifitscausewasfound.(F)2．Thediseaseattackedthebodyquicklyfromthestomachandsoontheaffectedpersondied.(T)3．JohnSnowbegantocollecttheinformationbeforethediseasespread.(F)4．Intwoparticularstreets，over500peoplediedin10dayswhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854.(T)5．DeathsofthewomanandherdaughterwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.(T)Ⅲ.課文閱讀理解1．What’sthepurposeofthetext?A．Toshowushowdifficultitwastofindacureforcholera.B．TotellushowSnowfoundthecauseofcholeraandthecureforit.C．Toshowushowdifficultitwastocarryoutexperimentsatthattime.D．Totellusthewaycholeraspreadandhowseriousitwas.答案B2．JohnSnowfinallyprovedthetheoryhebelievedby.A．gatheringinformationwiththehelpofamapB．lookingintothesourceofthewaterforBroadStreetandCambridgeStreetC．separatingthosewhosufferedcholerafromthosewhodidn’tD．bothAandB答案D3．WhattheorydidJohnSnowbelieveinabouthowcholerakilledpeople?A．Peoplebreathedintheaircontainingthevirusofcholera.B．Peopledrankthebeerpollutedbythedirtywater.C．Peopleabsorbedthevirusintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.D．JohnSnowdidn’tbelieveanything.答案C4．WhatwastoblameforthecauseofcholeraaccordingtotheinvestigationofJohnSnow?A．Pollutedwater.B．Pollutedair.C．Poormedicalcondition.D．Notdrinkingtoomuchbeer.答案A5．Whywascholeracalled“KingCholera”inthetext?A．Becausecholeracausedmanydeaths.B．BecauseitgotitsnamefromQueenVictoria.C．Becausecholerawasthemostdeadlydiseaseofitsday.D．Becauseitwasdefeatedwiththehelpoftheking.答案CⅣ.難句分析1．Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.句式分析該句為復合句，that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞theories；how引導賓語從句。自主翻譯他(斯諾)對霍亂致人死亡的兩種推測都很感興趣。2．Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.句式分析suggest在此句中作“暗示，表明”講，其后所跟的賓語從句用陳述語氣。自主翻譯第二種看法是人們是在吃飯時把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。3．Topreventthisfromhappeningagain，JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.句式分析suggest在此句中作“建議”講，其后所跟的賓語從句中的謂語動詞用“(should＋)動詞原形”。自主翻譯為了防止這種情況的再度發(fā)生，約翰·斯諾建議所有水源都要經(jīng)過檢測。1．conclusion[語境感悟](1)(教材P1)Drawaconclusion得出結(jié)論(2)Inconclusion，Iwouldliketothankallthepeoplepresentatthemeetingtoday.最后我想感謝今天所有參加會議的人。(3)ThemeetingconcludedwithTheInternationalatteno’clock.會議于十點鐘在《國際歌》中結(jié)束。[歸納拓展]1conclusionn.結(jié)論；結(jié)束inconclusion最后，總之a(chǎn)rriveat/eto/draw/reachaconclusion得出結(jié)論2concludevt.&vi.結(jié)束；推斷出conclude...by/with...以……結(jié)束conclude...from...從……中推斷出……[即時跟蹤](1)單句語法填空①Whatconclusion(conclude)didyoueto?②Whenthegroupdiscussionisnearingitsend，makesuretoconcludeitwithimportantpoints.③Whatcanweconcludefromtheconversation?(2)單句改錯Idrewaconclusionthatsheforgotmybirthday.a→the2．defeat[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”約翰·斯諾戰(zhàn)勝“霍亂王”(2)Thenewsthathehasbeendefeatedintheelectionisnottrue.他落選的消息不真實。(3)Thecoachtriedtoanalysethecauseofourdefeat.教練努力分析我們失敗的原因。[歸納拓展]eq\x(defeatvt.打??；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫；n.失敗)[易混辨析]defeat/beat/win(1)defeat和beat屬一組同義詞，它們的賓語常為sb.，team，school等參賽者或單位，表示“擊敗某人或某個參賽單位”。(2)win賓語常為game，match，battle，prize等詞，表示“贏得比賽、戰(zhàn)爭、獎品等”。[即時跟蹤](1)用所給動詞的正確形式填空①Sincewedidn’tprepareforthespeechcontest，wehavebeendefeated(defeat)．②Hedidallhecouldtowin(win)hisfavor.(2)TrumpdefeatedHillaryandwontheelectionfinally.特朗普擊敗了希拉里而最終贏得選舉的勝利。(3)一句多譯這一次我們的足球隊戰(zhàn)勝了他們的足球隊。①Ourfootballteamdefeatedtheirsthistime.(defeat)②Ourfootballteambeattheirsthistime.(beat)3．a(chǎn)ttend[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert，indeed，thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.約翰·斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生——他的確醫(yī)術精湛，因而成為照料維多利亞女王的私人醫(yī)生。(2)Allchildrenbetweentheagesof6－16mustattendschool.所有6～16歲的孩子必須上學。(3)Sheattended(on/upon)thatinjuredpolicemandayandnight.她日夜照顧那位負傷的警察。[歸納拓展]attendvt.照顧；護理；出席；參加attendameeting/alecture/school/church參加會議/聽報告/上學/做禮拜attendon/upon伺候，照顧attendto照顧，照料；處理；注意；專心[易混辨析]attend/join/joinin/takepartin(1)attend是正式用語，一般指參加會議、典禮、婚禮、葬禮及上學、聽課、聽報告、演講等。(2)join表示參加某一團體，并成為其中一員，如：入黨、入團和參軍等。如果后接人，則表示參加某人的活動。(3)joinin后接活動，強調(diào)與他人一起參與某一活動。(4)takepartin后接活動，尤指多人參加的群眾性大型活動。[即時跟蹤](1)用attend/join/joinin/takepartin的正確形式填空①Myfatherjoinedarevolutionaryorganizationin1948.②Whydidn’tyoujoininthetalklastnight?③We’lltakepartinsocialactivitiesduringthesummervacation.④Hewillattendanimportantmeetingtomorrow.(2)單句語法填空①Tomydelight，Iwaschosenfromhundredsofapplicantstoattend(attend)theopeningceremony.(2015·福建)②Ifyoudon’tattendtoyourwork，you’llnotsucceed.4．expose[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.但他一想到要幫助那些得了霍亂的普通百姓時，他就感到很振奮。(2)Keepindoorsanddon’texposeyourskintothesun.留在屋里，不要讓皮膚暴露在太陽下。(3)TheyconsideritalmostacrimetoexposechildrentoviolenceandsexonTV.他們認為讓兒童接觸暴力和色情電視節(jié)目幾乎是一種犯罪行為。[歸納拓展]exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光exposesb./sth.揭露某人/某事exposesth./sb./oneselftosth.使某事/某人/自己暴露/顯露beexposedto暴露于……[圖解助記]漫畫趣解expose[即時跟蹤]單句語法填空(1)Beingexposed(expose)tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.(2)Takecarenottokeepyourchildrenexposed(expose)tothebadbooksandmagazines.(3)Don’texposethefilmtolight.5．a(chǎn)bsorb[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.第二種看法是人們是在吃飯時把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。(2)Thebeautifulsceneryabsorbedtheattentionofthepassers-by.美景吸引了路人的注意。(3)Hewasabsorbedinwritingaletteranddidn’tevenlookupwhenIcamein.他在聚精會神地寫信，當我進來時他甚至都沒有抬頭。[歸納拓展]1absorbvt.吸收；吸引；使專心absorbone’sattention吸引某人的注意absorboneselfin...全神貫注于……2absorbedadj.全神貫注的beabsorbedin...全神貫注于……[圖解助記]兩圖詮解absorb[即時跟蹤]句型轉(zhuǎn)換(1)Whenwecamein，theoldmanabsorbedhimselfinreadingabook.→Whenwecamein，theoldmanwasabsorbedinreadingabook.(absorbedadj.)(2)Becausehewasabsorbedinhiswork，hesimplyforgotfoodandsleep.→Absorbedinhiswork，hesimplyforgotfoodandsleep.(過去分詞短語作狀語)6．suspect[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidence.斯諾認為第二種說法是正確的，但他需要證據(jù)。(2)Thepolicesuspectedhimofhavingtakenthemoney.警察懷疑錢是他偷的。(3)Isuspecthimtobeapickpocket.我猜想他是個扒手。[歸納拓展]suspectvt.認為；懷疑；n.被懷疑者；嫌疑犯suspectthat...懷疑……；認為……suspectsb.ofdoingsth.懷疑某人做某事suspectsb.tobe...認為某人……[即時跟蹤]單句語法填空(1)Nobodywantstomakefriendswiththeboysuspected(suspect)ofhavingstolenthemoney.(2)Thepolicesuspectedthatthewitnesshadgivenfalseevidence.(3)Fromthelookonhisface，Isuspecthimtobe(be)ill.7．blame[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.看來水是罪魁禍首。(2)Youshouldn’tblameJohnforthefailure.＝Y(jié)oushouldn’tblamethefailureonJohn.你們不應該把這次失敗怪在約翰頭上。(3)Helaid/puttheblameforhisfailureintheexamonhisteacher.他把自己考試未通過歸咎于他的老師。[歸納拓展]blamevt.責備；譴責；n.過失；責備blamesb.forsth.因某事責備某人；把某事歸咎于某人blamesth.onsb.把某事歸咎于某人betoblame(forsth.)對(某事)負有責任，應受責備put/laytheblameforsth.onsb.將某事歸咎于某人taketheblameforsth.對某事承擔責任[即時跟蹤](1)完成句子①Policelaid/puttheblamefortheaccidentonthecarelessdriver.警察把事故的責任歸咎于粗心的司機。②Ifthathappens，thecoachwilltaketheblameforit.如果發(fā)生那樣的事，教練將對此負責。(2)單句改錯①Itishenotyouthatistobeblame.刪除be②Thebossblamedtheaccidentinme.in→on8．a(chǎn)nnounce[語境感悟](1)(教材P3)WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.有了這個特別的證據(jù)，約翰·斯諾就能夠肯定地宣布，這種被污染了的水攜帶著病菌。(2)Theyannouncedtheirengagementtothefamily.他們向家里宣布他們已經(jīng)訂婚了。(3)ItisannouncedthatsheisgoingtoJapannextweek.據(jù)悉下個星期她要去日本。[歸納拓展]1announcevt.宣布；通告announcesth.tosb.向某人宣告某事announcethat...宣布……Itisannouncedthat...據(jù)宣布……2announcementn.通知；公告；宣告makeanannouncement下通知；宣布[易混辨析]announce/declare(1)announce多指提前宣布或公開宣告大家關心的事，后不能跟雙賓語，即不能說announcesb.sth.，可以說announcesth.tosb.或announcetosb.sth.。(2)declare一般指在正式場合宣布官方的立場或態(tài)度，后可跟復合賓語，還有“斷言，宣稱”之意。[即時跟蹤](1)單句語法填空①Itwasannouncedthatonlywhentheterriblediseasewasundercontrolwouldtheresidentsdecidetoreturntotheirhomes.②Theprimeministerismakinganimportantannouncement(announce)atthemoment.③Thenewswasannouncedtobe(be)true.④SoonGermanydeclaredwaronFrance.(2)完成句子①WearesorrytoannouncethatFlight968toBeijingisdelayed.我們很遺憾地通知大家，飛往北京的968次航班晚點了。②Heannouncedtothepetitorstheresultofthecontest.他向參賽者宣布競賽結(jié)果。9．instruct[語境感悟](1)(教材P3)Thewaterpanieswereinstructednottoexposepeopletopollutedwateranymore.自來水公司也接到指令，不能再讓人們接觸被污染的水了。(2)Heinstructsaclassinhistory.他教授一個班的歷史。(3)Ihavebeeninstructedwhentostart.我已得到何時出發(fā)的通知。[歸納拓展]1instructvt.命令；指示；教導instructsb.todosth.命令/指示某人做某事instructsb.indoingsth.給某人講授某方面的知識；指導某人做某事instructsb.wh-todosth.教某人……做某事2instructionn.教授；指導；指示；pl.用法說明書，操作指南underinstruction在指導下3instructiveadj.說明性的；指示性的；有教育意義的注意：instruction作“指導；講授；教育”講時，為不可數(shù)名詞，其后常與介詞in搭配；復數(shù)instructions表示“操作指南；用法說明”，其后常與介詞on，for或about連用。[即時跟蹤](1)單句語法填空①Igavetheminstruction(instruct)tofinishitbeforedark.②UnderhisinstructionIhavemadegreatprogressinEnglish.③I’vebeeninstructedtowait(wait)hereuntiltheteacherarrives.④Itisthemostinstructive(instruct)lecturethatIhaveattendedsinceIcametothisschool.(2015·湖南)(2)單句改錯Alwaysreadtheinstructiononthebottlecarefullyandtaketherightamountofmedicine.instruction→instructions1．putforward[語境感悟](1)(教材P1)Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?是誰提出了關于黑洞的理論？(2)Don’tputofftilltomorrowwhatcanbedonetoday.今日事今日畢。(3)Thefirefightersspent3hoursputtingoutthebigfire.消防員用了3個小時撲滅了大火。[歸納拓展]putforward提出；推薦；將……提前；把鐘表等向前撥putupwith容忍，忍受putoff推遲；推脫，搪塞putaway存放；存儲；把……收起來putout熄滅；生產(chǎn)；公布；打擾putup舉起；張貼；建造；為……提供住宿[圖解助記][即時跟蹤]用適當?shù)慕?、副詞填空(1)Mymotheropenedthedrawertoputawaytheknivesandspoons.(2)Icanputupwiththehousebeinguntidy，butIhateitifit’snotclean.(3)Anoticewasputupinordertoremindthestudentsofthechangedlecturetime.(4)Afterthequestionsbeingput__forwardonebyone，ouractionsgofurtherandfurther，untilwegetagoodmandofitatlast.(2015·湖北·書面表達)2．link...to/with...[語境感悟](1)(教材P3)InanotherpartofLondon，hefoundsupportingevidencefromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.在倫敦的另一個地區(qū)，他從另外兩個與寬街暴發(fā)的與霍亂有關聯(lián)的死亡病例中發(fā)現(xiàn)了有力的證據(jù)。(2)ThenewtunnellinksBritaintoFrance.新的隧道把英法兩國連接起來。(3)Theislandislinkedto/withthemainlandbyanewbridge.一座新橋?qū)⒃搷u與大陸相連。[歸納拓展]link...to/with...將……與……聯(lián)系或連接起來belinkedto/with與……有聯(lián)系[即時跟蹤](1)句型轉(zhuǎn)換Whatskillscanyouofferthatarerelevanttothisjob?→Whatskillscanyouofferthatarelinkedtothisjob?(2)Anewfreewaywillbebuilttolinkourcitywith/toWuhan.一條連接我市與武漢的新高速公路即將修建。1．neither...nor...[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.人們既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。(2)Itisneithertoohotnortoocoldinwinterhere.這里冬天既不太熱也不太冷。(3)Heneitherknowsnorcareswhathappened.他對所發(fā)生的事不聞不問。[歸納拓展]1neither...nor...表示“既不……也不……”，用來連接兩個并列成分；如果連接兩個主語，謂語動詞采取就近一致原則。2使用就近原則的還有：either...or...或者……或者……；notonly...butalso...不僅……而且……；...or...……或者……；not...but...不是……而是……[即時跟蹤](1)Neithermyparentsnormysisterlikesswimming.我父母親和我妹妹都不喜歡游泳。(2)NotonlyhebutalsoIamgoingtoChina.不但他而且我要去中國。2．名詞短語引導時間狀語從句[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.每次霍亂爆發(fā)時，就有大批驚恐的老百姓病死。(2)Besuretocallonusnexttimeyoue.你下次來時一定來看我們。(3)Themomenthegotoutoftheairport，thepopstarwassurroundedbyhisfans.這位著名的歌星一出飛機場，就被歌迷圍住了。[歸納拓展]教材原句中everytime是名詞短語，引導時間狀語從句，意為“每次……時”。除此之外，某些表達時間的名詞詞組也可直接充當連詞，即“名詞連詞化現(xiàn)象”。常見的有：(1)不定代詞＋time如：anytime，eachtime...(2)序數(shù)詞＋time如：thefirst/lasttime...(3)the＋瞬間名詞如：theminute/moment/instant...(4)the＋時間名詞如：theday/night/month/time...[即時跟蹤](1)Thefirsttimeyoutakepartinarace，itisverynormaltofeeltense.第一次參加比賽時，你感到緊張是很正常的。(2)IrecognizedMikethemoment/minute/instantIsawhim.我一看見邁克就認出了他。3．suggest引導的賓語從句[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultipliedintheair.第一種看法是霍亂病毒在空氣中繁殖。(2)(教材P3)Topreventthisfromhappeningagain，JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.為防止這種情況再度發(fā)生，約翰·斯諾建議所有水源都要經(jīng)過檢測。[歸納拓展]句1中的suggest意為“暗示，表明”，其后所接的賓語從句不使用虛擬語氣，要用陳述語氣。句2中的suggest意為“建議，提議”，其后的賓語從句使用虛擬語氣，即謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”，其中should可省略。注意：(1)suggest后不接雙賓語，可表達為suggeststh.tosb.或suggesttosb.that...。(2)suggest后接動詞時，要用動詞的-ing形式，不接不定式。(3)suggestion表示“建議”時，其后的表語從句、同位語從句中謂語動詞用虛擬語氣，即“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。[即時跟蹤](1)用所給動詞的正確形式填空①Mymomsuggeststhatwe(should)eat(eat)outforachangethisweekend.(2013·陜西)②Herpalefacesuggeststhatsheis(be)ill.③Mysuggestionisthathe(should)tell(tell)hisparentsaboutit.④Myfriendsuggestedgetting(get)ajobinabank.(2)完成句子①Itwasamagazinearticlethatsuggestedtheideatome.是雜志上的一篇文章使我產(chǎn)生這個想法的。②WesuggesttoherthatweshouldgoonapicnicthefollowingSunday.我們向她提議在下星期天去野餐。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Iamtoblame(blame)forhislateness.2．AninterestingsuggestionformeasuringtheatmospherearoundMarshasbeenputforward，thusleadingtoaheateddiscussionamongthescientists.3．Beforedrawingaconclusion(conclude)，youshoulddolotsofresearch.4．Hecametomyclasseveryweek，buthisattitudesuggestedhewas(be)