考點33閱讀理解

推理判斷之作者的寫作態(tài)度（核心考點精講精練）

考情探究

i.三年真題考點分布

7點

題》、推理判斷之寫作態(tài)度

2023試卷類型設(shè)問考點

閱讀理解

[2023?新高考全國I35.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetoward寫作態(tài)度

Navajas5studies?

卷]D

[2023年1月?浙江25.Whatwastheattitudeoftheauthor'sHither寫作態(tài)度

卷】Btowardbuyinggrocerieswithjars?

20212021.新高考I卷閱讀D34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothe寫作態(tài)度

popularizationofemotionalintelligence?

2021?北京65.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchange寫作態(tài)度

his/herattitudetowardtheproject?

20202020年新課標(biāo)I卷C篇31.Whichwordbestdescribes(he寫作態(tài)度

author'sattitudetoracewalking?

2020年，天津卷，23.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheprospect寫作態(tài)度

第一次高考o(jì)felectricflying?

2.命題規(guī)律及備考策略

【命題規(guī)律】近3年新高考卷對于閱讀理解中作者的寫作態(tài)度考查了4次°主要名登；

根據(jù)閱讀文章整體或某?段落的內(nèi)容推斷作者的寫作態(tài)度。作者的寫作態(tài)度的方法：I.通過分析文章內(nèi)容，斷定文

章中作者對某事物的態(tài)度和看法：2.作者的態(tài)度一般分為三種：支持；反對：中立。

【備考策略】系統(tǒng)歸類作者的寫作態(tài)度的方法；熟練掌握閱讀技能。

【命題預(yù)測】

通過閱讀理解中，推斷作者的寫作態(tài)度考查考生對作者基于文章某事的態(tài)度和看法，以達(dá)到和作者共鳴。因此，

推斷作者的寫作態(tài)度的推理判斷題，有可能在2024年高考中將成為高考閱讀理解的重點題型。

考點梳理

【2024年高考命題預(yù)測】

推理判斷之寫作態(tài)度考點是高考中的常考點。作者發(fā)表文章總有自己的觀點和主張，也會自然流露出對某事的

態(tài)度。他這類題時，我們一定要站在作者的角度上看問題。預(yù)測在2024高考中，寫作態(tài)度可能會在高考閱讀理解

中呈現(xiàn)。

【推理判斷之寫作態(tài)度考點指南】

規(guī)律方法：

常見的設(shè)問方式：

1.Whatis（heauthor'sattitudeto...?

2.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitude（o...?

3.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsmaybestbedescribedas.

做此類題目必須透過文章的字面意義去理解。作者的態(tài)度和觀點無非也就是三種：支持、贊同、樂觀；反對、

批評、懷疑、悲觀；中立、客觀。作者的態(tài)度和觀點常用一些形容詞、副詞和不定意義的動詞來表達(dá)，如possible,

impossible,seem,strange這時需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列舉的事例與其觀點、態(tài)度是一致的還是相反

的。有些文章作者的觀點態(tài)度隱含在文章的字里行間，需要通讀全文，才能做出正確的判斷。注意熟悉一些常見的

有關(guān)作者情感、態(tài)度的詞語。

褒義詞有：supportive（支持的）；positive（積極的）；optimistic（樂觀的）；enthusiastic（熱情的）等。

貶義詞有：negative（否定的,消極的）；ironic（諷刺的）；critical（批評的）；disgusted（厭惡的）;disappointed佚

望的）等。

中性詞有：indifferent（漠不關(guān)心的）：uninterested（不感興趣的）；objective（客觀的）：neutral（中立的）等,

☆典例引領(lǐng)

U2023?新高考全國I卷1

D

OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobe

knownasthc4iwisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases.theaverage

ofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.

Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame.Somepecplcwill

tendtooverestimate,andsomelounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachother

out,resullinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtend（omakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon't

canceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Iffor

whateverreasons,people'seiTorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.

ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist（轉(zhuǎn)折）onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfinding

ofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroups（hatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,（he

averagesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,

theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverage

obtainedfrom20independentindividuals.

Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembers

actuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthose

leastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn'tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,

thegroupsreportedthatthey'*sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether."Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedin

aglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotential

implicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.

()35.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardNavajas'studies?

A.Unclear.

B.Dismissive.

C.Doubtfiil.

□.Approving.

2.【2023年1月?浙江卷】B

Livewithroommates?Havefriendsandfamilyaroundyou?Chancesarethatifyou'relookingtoliveamore

sustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadyloiuniponihalbandwagon.

Iexperienced(hiswhenIstartedswitchingtoazerowastelifestylefiveyearsago,asIwaslivingwithmyparents,and

Icontinuetoexperiencethiswithmyhusband,asheisnotcompletelyzerowastelikeme,I'velearnedafewthingsalong

thewaythough,whichIhopeyou'llfindencouragingifyou'redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechange

inanot-always-supporlivehousehold.

Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback.IremembershowingmyparentsavideoofBeaJohnson,

sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars,andhavesolittletrash!Afewdayslater,Icamebackwith

myfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries,andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasformetocarryjarseverywhere.Itcame

offasabitdiscouraging.

Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued.IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach.Ihadmyown

bedroom,soIworkedonremovingthingsIdidn'tneed.SinceIhadmyowntoiletries(洗漱用品).Iwasabletostart

personalisingmyroutinetobemoresustainable.Ialsoofferedtocookeverysooften,soIportionedoutabitofthe

cupboardformyownzerowastegroceries.Perhapsyourhouseholdwon'tentirelymaketheswitch,butyoumayhavesome

controloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.

Asyoumakeyourlifestylechanges,youmayfindyourselfwantingtospeakupforyourselfifotherscommentan

whatyou'redoing,whichcanturnitselfintoawholehouseholddebate.Ifyouhaveindividualswhoarenotonboard,your

wordsprobablywon'tdomuchandcanoftenleaveyoufeelingmorediscouraged.

Sohereisinyadvice:Leadbyaction.

25.Whatwastheattitudeoftheauthor'sfatliertowardbuyinggrocerieswithjars?

A.HedisapprovedofB.Hewasfavorabletoit.

C.Hewastolerantofit.D.Hedidn'tcareaboutit.

3.2021年新高考I卷之D篇

Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional(情感的)iniellingence.Manypeople

nowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredby

anIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand“peopleskills.^^Researchhasshown

(hatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondski11-basedemotional

intelligence.

Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.

Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctor(ofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,

whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeonea

moralperson.

Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,the

overalleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisa

newandmuchneededemphasis（重視）onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocial

well-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethe

functionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.

Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexcitea

greaterir.terestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinscience

willoffernewperspectives（視角）fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withits

focusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.

34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?

A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.

C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.

4.12020?全國I]

Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontribulingtofewer

injuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.

Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometer

racewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport'srulesrequirethataracewalkerskneesstay

straightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact（接觸!）withthegroundatalltimes.It\thisstrange

formthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercise

scienceaiSalemStaleUniversityinSalem,Mass.

Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingiomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingat

apaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories（卡路里.）perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyasthey

wouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.

However,racewalkingdocsnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdocs.Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,

runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavethe

ground,createonlyabout1.4limesiheirbodyweightwitheachstep.

Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner'sknee,areuncommonamongrace

walkers.Butthesport'sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuch

injuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishinglotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirst

consultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.306

Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetoracewalking?

A.Skeptical.B.Objective.

C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.

☆即時檢測

1.12023屆福建省福州市普通高中畢業(yè)班5月質(zhì)量檢測】

Onesummermidnight,standingoutsideawoodenhouseinMichigan'sUpperPeninsula,Ilookedup.Thesightof

thousandsofstarswasalmostenoughtomakeme,anon-believer,offerawordofgratitudeupintothestar-filledskyButto

whom?PerhapstoJohanEklof,authorofTheDarknessManifesto.

Abatscientist,EklofworksinthenightshadowsinwesternSweden.Hisworkrequiresanabsolutekindofdarkness

unpollutedbylight.Butthiscategoryofdarknessisthreatened.Inthe1980s,Ekloftellsreaders,two-thirdsofthechurches

inSwedenhousedbatcaves.Notanylonger.''Today,thisnumberhasbeenreducedbyathirdduetolightpollution,because

thechurchesallglowbrightlyinthenight.^^kewrites.

Wehaveallnoticeditwhendrivingthroughanycityatnight.Emptyplacesaretloodlit.IhenightskyinHongKongis

1200timesbrighterthananunlitone.Citizensofsomelargecities,writesEklof,haveneverallowedtheireyestoadaptto

truenighivision.Butwearconlynowbeginning（ounderstandiheeffects.

Toomuchlightisincrediblydestructivetothecomplexeco-systemsmanyanimalsinhabit.Itscaresawaythebats（hat

Eklofstudies;reeffisheggsgounhatched;birdsforgettoevensing.

Sohowcanwedealwiththet（x）muchlight?In2019,Francepassedlawslimitinghowmuchlightcanbesentintothe

sky.InVienna,Austria,thecity'slightsareturnedoffat11p.m.Somemeasures,likeartificiallightsthatdonotreflectlight

upward,arealreadywithinourgrasp."Wecouldjustturnitalloff,butIguesswedon'twantto,becausedarknessisnot

safeforeveryone?,saidEklofinarecentinterview."Soit'svitalwefindamiddleway.”

Rightnow,it'shardtoknowwhatthatmiddlewaymightlooklike.In5（）years,everycitycouldbelitby

environmentallylow-impactlights,orwemighthavecompletelyforgottenwhatdarknessis—theskyfilledwithliule

moons.

8.WhatdoweknowaboutEklofswork?

A.Itrecuceslightpollution.B.Itfocusesonstarsandsky.

C.Itstrengthenspeopledbelief.D.Itrequiresaspecificcondition.

9.Whatcanreplacetheunderlined"it"inir.eaninginparagraph3?

A.Darkness.B.Anunliiciiy.

C.Floodlighting.D.Thenightsky.

10.Whatareparagraphs4and5mainlyaboutregardinglightpollulion?

A.Causeanddamage.B.Effectandsolution.

C.Consequenceanddisadvantage.D.Analysisandpotential.

11.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardligh:ingmanagement?

A.Balanced.B.Negative.C.Unclear.D.Conservative.

2.【2023屆福建省泉州市普通高三5月份適應(yīng)性練習(xí)】

Allhumanlanguagesusevowelsandconsonants（元音和輔音）toexpressideas.Mostprimates（靈長類）

communicatealmostusingvowel-likecalls,bulnon-humangreatapes（猿），likechimpanzees,produceconsonant-like

soundstcvaryingdegrees.Thisraisesthequestionofwhereconsonantscamefrom,saysAdrianoLameiraattheUniversity

ofWarwick.Tofinditout,hestudiedexistingliteraturetoseehowcommonconsonantsareamong（hegreatapes.

Hefound（hatorangutans（猩猩），whichspendmostoftheir（imcin（hetrees,produceagreaternumberandvar.ctyof

consonantsoundsthangorillasandchimpanzeeslivingontheground.''Orangutanshaverichsoundslikekisssounds,

scrapesandclicks."saysLameira.Theytypicallyusethesesoundswhilebuildingnestsorcommencingwiththeiryoung.

Lan:eirathinksthatlivinginthetreesmayexplainthatGreatapesareexportsatprocessingprotectedfoods.Likenuts,

whichoftenrequirestools.Whilelivingintrees,however,orangutansmustalwaysuseatleastonearmtomaintainstability.

Theyhavethereforedevelopedmorecomplexcontrolof（heirlips,tonguesandjaws,allowingthemtousetheirmouthsasa

“fifthlimb“orangutanscanpeelorangesjustwithlips,forexample.

Thisadvancedmotorskillenablesorangutansmakeconsonant-Iikcsounds,arguesLameira.Thiscouldmeanthatour

earlyancestorsdevelopedconsonantsoundswhilehangingaroundinthetrees,too.^There'sagrowingsensethatour

dependencyontreeswasmuchlargeranddeeperthanwethink,“saysLameira.

Thelinkbetweenfeedingandsoundsdoesn'tapplytosmallertree-livingprimateslikemonkeys,arguesLameira,

becausetheirsizeandtailsmake（hemmorestableonbranchesand（heyeatditterently.

“Thisisaninterestingassumptionworthtesting.^saysChrisPetkovatNewcastleUniversity,thoughhequestions

someaspects.Ashumansaren,ttree-living,theremustbeotherreasonswhyconsonantsremain,whichcouldbetestedby

characterisingconsonant-likesoundsmoresystematicallyacrossspecies,hesays.

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it”inparagraph1referto?

A.Whyvowelsandconsonantsareused.B.Whatideas（heconsonantsexpress.

C.Wheretheconsonantscamefrom.D.Howcommontheconsonantsare.

13.What危ctcansupportAdrianoLamerica'sassumptionaboutorangutans?

A.Theybuildnestswiththeiryoung.B.Theyareskillfulinemployingtools.

C.Theyshowstabilityincontrollingarms.D.Theygainadvancedmotorskillofmouths.

14.WhatcanweinferfromAdrianoLameira'sfindings?

A.Consonantsoundsweremadebyourearliestancestors.

B.Ourancestorsdependedmoreontreesthanbelieved.

C.Thelinkbetweenfeedingandsoundsappliestomonkeys.

D.Monkeysdifferfromorangutansineatinghabits.

15.WhatisChrisPetkov'sattitudetoAdriiinoLameira'sassumption?

A.Opposed.B.Puzzled.C.Confident.D.Cautious.

【備考實戰(zhàn)方法】

把描述作者態(tài)度的詞一一列出，基本上考題不會超出這些詞匯，考前把它們的意思記熟。預(yù)測每個詞需要和什么樣

的事實相對應(yīng)，這樣在考場上就能迅速地找到答案。對這種題要迅速解決，以給其他試題提供做題時間。

【描寫作者態(tài)度的形容詞】（選項常用詞）

ambitious有雄心的;undoubted無懷疑的；indifferent冷漠的；unconfident沒信心的；uncaring不關(guān)心的;worried

擔(dān)心的：salislied滿怠的：cautiousi革慎的：favorable贊同的：doubUul懷疑的：uninieresled不感興趣的：Irighlened

害怕的：puzzled迷惑不解的：concerned關(guān)心的：happy高興的：tolerant忍受的;sympathetic同情的；delighted

高興的：carefree無憂無慮的；無牽掛的；不負(fù)責(zé)任的：unclear不清楚的；opposed反對的：appreciativeadj.感激的;

感謝的；欣賞的；賞識的：suspiciousadj.感覺可疑的；懷疑的；令人懷疑的；可疑的：不信任的；持懷疑態(tài)度的；

objectiveadj.客觀的；就事論事的；不帶個人感情的；客觀存在的；基于事實的;

confused迷惑不解的;conservativeadj.保守的；守舊的；（英國）保守黨的：pessimistic悲觀的：disapproving不同意的：

ambiguous模棱兩可的;dismissiveadj.拒絕的;輕蔑的,鄙視的：skeptical懷疑的。

【考場上的實用方法】

熟記這些作者態(tài)度的形容詞，深刻理解每個詞的含義。設(shè)想每個詞可能的描述事實。這樣我們在考試上，就能迅速

找到正確答案。

☆典例引領(lǐng)

[典例1]Thetimeapersonspendsondifferentsmartphoneappsisenoughtoidentifythemfromalargergroupin

morethanoneinthreecases,sayresearchers.

Researchersanalyzedsmartphonedatafrom780people.Theyfed4,680daysofappusagedataintostatisticalmodels.

Eachoftiiesedayswaspairedwithoneofthe780userssothatthemodelslearnedpeople'sdailyappusepatterns.

Theresearchersthentestedwhethermodelscouldidentifyanindividualwhenprovidedwithonlyasingledayof

smartphoneactivitythatwasanonymous（匿名的）.Themodels,whichweretrainedononlysixdaysofappusagedataper

person,couldidentifythecorrectpersonfromadayofanonymousdataonethirdofthetime.

Thatmightnotsoundlikemuch,butwhenthemodelspredictwhothedatabelongedto.itcouldalsoprovidealistof

themosttotheleastlikelycandidates.1（waspossibletoviewthetop10mostlikelyindividualsthataspecificdayofdata

belongedto.Around75%ofthetime,thecorrectuserwouldbeamongthetop1（）mostlikelycandidates.

Inpracticalterms,alawenforcement（執(zhí)法機(jī)構(gòu)）investigationseekingtoidentifyacriminal,snewphonewiththese

modelscouldreduceacandidatepoolofapproximately1,（X）0phonesto10phones,witha25%riskofmissingthem.

Consequently,theresearcherswarnthatsoftwaregivenaccesstoasmartphone'sstandardactivityloggingcoudmake

areasonablepredictionaboutauser'sidentityevenwhentheywerelogged-outoftheiraccount.Anidentificationis

possiblewithoutmonitoringconversationsorbehaviorswithinappsthemselves.

Therefore,itisimportanttoacknowledgethatappusagedataalone,whichisoftencollectedbyasmartphone

automatically,canpotentiallyrevealaperson'sidentity.Whileprovidingnewopportunitiesfbrlawenforcement,italso

posesriskstoprivacyif（histypeofdataismisused.

【典例2】【河北省保定市部分學(xué)校聯(lián)考】

NewZealandintroduceditsnewclimatechangecurriculum（課程）toschoolsinJanuary,butnoteveryoneishappy

aboutit.DairyfarmerMalcolmLumsdentoldreporters,they'regoingtocontinuetobilethehandthatfeedsthem,

they'regoingtoloseoutinthelongterm.”

Thecuniculuni,whichisavailabletoanyschoolsthatchoosetouseit,doespointtoindustrialagricultureasbeinga

majorsourceofgreenhousegasemission.Itencouragesstudentstokteatlessdairyandmeat,liavemeatlessdayseachweek,

eatmorefruitandvegetables,driveless,recycleandbuysecond-handproductswhenpossible''.Someofthesesuggestions,

however,arebeingchallengedfornotbeingscientificallysound.

Butanimalagricultureiswidelyacceptedin（hescientificworldasadriverofemissions,particularlymeihane（甲烷）,

whichwarmstheEarth86timesfasterthancarbondioxide.Abrandnewstudyhasshownthatcuttingtheconsumptionof

animalproductsby50%wouldreducedietary-relatedgreenhousegasemissiorsby35%.Itisjustoneofcountlessother

studiesthathavemadesimilarconclusions.

Kidsaren'tclueless（笨的）.Theyhearaboutthecomingglobalcatastrophe（災(zāi)難）.Theydeservetobegiventhetools

withwhichtocomprehenditandtotakeaction.Theydeservetheknowledgewithwhichtomakeiheirowndecisions.The

curricukiniisaresponsetokids"reallycryingoutfbrsomethinglikeinthewordsofanofficialfromNewZealand.

Thereisn'taboutbitingthehandthatfeeds,butratherengaginginthoughtfuldebateoverhowhumanscouldbefedin

waysthatarebetterandgentlerfortheplanet.Livestockfarmersshouldn'tbescoffended,butratherbeopentothisdebate

soasnottobecomeoutdatedorirrelevant.

8.WhatsLumsden'sattitudetowardsthenewcurriculum?

A.Unconcerned.B.Disapproving.C.Ambiguous.D.Skeptical.

【典例3】【重慶市育才中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期二診模擬考試（二）】

VincentvanGogh（1853-1890）,perhapsthemostfamousartistintheworld,isperceivedbymanyasthe“maC"artist.

Hisartisticgeniusisoftenovershadowedbythosewhoseehispaintingsasonlyvisualexpressionsofhistroubledmind.

Whileinpailthismaybetrue,inrealityhisinnovativeanduniqueartisticstylewasofenormousimportancetoahostof

artistswhofollowedinhiswake.Evenwhenopenlyinfluencedbyhispredecessorsorcontemporaries（前輩或同輩）,hisart

remainedidentifiabiyhisown,developingadistinclivestylethatfailedtobeacceptedbytheart-buyingpublicinhisown

time.ThecareerofVincentvanGoghasapainterwasshort,buthisextraordinaryboldnessofhistechniquecreated

masterpiecesthatexerciseaprofoundinfluenceontheartofthetwentiethcentury.

Althoughtheartist'sfirstformaljobafterleavingschoolwasart-related,hedidnotactuallybeginpaintingun:ilyears

later.At16,VincentvanGoghenteredanapprenticeship（學(xué)徒身份）athisuncle'sbranchofGoupil&Cie,aParis-based

artdealership.Thepositioninvolvedtravel2ndcertainlyexposuretothecontemporaryartofhisday,butvanGoghwould

moveontoreligiousworkandabooksellerbeforeproducingthefirstVanGoghpainting.

Hisearliestworks,completedfrom1881through1883,reflectanew-comer'sattentiontodetailaswellashintsofthe

newgeniusthatwouldfullyemergeinhislaterpaintings.Althoughhissketchesandwatercolordrawingsmay,atfirst

glance,S3emtwo-dimensionalandamateursh,theyarefascinatingintermsoftheirtestamenttothevanGogh'searly

studiesinRealism.

VincentvanGoghproducedhisfirstdrawingswhilestayingathisparents'homeinEttcn,theNetherlands,schooled

chieflybybooksonartistictechnique.Theartistrestrictedhisfirstdrawingstoablackandwhitepalette（調(diào)色板）,believing

masteryofthisdisciplinetobeessentialbeforeattemptingworksincolor.

11.Whatisprobablytheauthor'sattitudetowardsVincentvanGogh?

A.Appreciative.B.Suspicious.

C.Objective.D.Confused.

【典例4】【安徽省黃山市高中畢業(yè)班第二次質(zhì)量檢測】

Scientistshavelongsoughttopreventsharpmemoriesfromdullingwithage,buttheproblemremainsunsettled.Now

researchpublishedinScientificReportssuggestsvirtualrealitymighthelpolderpeoplerecallfactsandeventsbasedon

specificcctails.

Thestudyinvolved42healthyolderadultsfromtheSanFranciscoBayArea.Halfspentadozenhoursoverfourweeks

playingavirtual-realitygamecalledLabyrinth;（heyworeheadsetsandwalkedinplace,walkingvirtualneighborhoods

whilecompletingsmalltasks.Theotherhalf,inthecontrolgroup,usedelectronictabletstoplaygamesthatdidnotrequire

recallingdetails.After15sessions,thelatterperformedroughlythesameasbeforeonalong-termmemorytest.Buithe

LabyrinthplayersgainanimprovementinmemorythroughtheVRgame.AscientistPeterWaisoftheUniversityof

Californiasaidtheimprovementsbroughtthemuptothelevelofanothergroupofyoungeradultstakingthesamememory

tests.

MeredithThompson,aneducationresearcher,studieslearningthroughVRgamesbutwasnotinvolvedinthenew

study."Itwouldbegreattoactuallyfollowpeopleovertimeandseewhatthistypeofgamedoesfbrlong-termmemory.”

Shesays,addingVRcanprovidegreaterinvolvementthanothergames.Wais'steamisnowinvestigatinghowlongthe

observedeffectslastandwhichelementsofthetraininghavethemostimpact.

Acognitivepsychologist.DanielSimons,whowasalsonotinvolvedinthestudy,notesexperimentswithothergames

ihatclaimlotrainthebrainhaveoftenfailedtoevaluatethis.Anditremainsunclearhowtestperformanceinalaboratory

settingmighttranslatetoreal-worldsituations.Theoutcome,Simonsnotes,“needstoberepeated,ideallywithamuch

largergroup,beforeitstreatedasastrongfinding.”

Fornow,Waissays,theteamhopesitsstudieswithsimilar-sizedgroupswillhelpdrawfundingtotestthegameina

largerpoolofparticipants.

9.WhatisMeredithThompson'sattitudetotheresearch?

A.Uncaring.B.Cautious.C.Worried.D.Satisfied.

☆即時檢測

I.【四川省德陽市高三高考適應(yīng)性考試(二診)】

AfterbeingattackedbyHurricaneIda's150mphwindsandtorrentialrains,hundredsofthousandsofGulfCoast

residentswereleftwithoutpowerandfreshwaterthisweekasa100-degreeheatwavesettledovertheregion.Idasmashed

intoLouisianaasaCategory4hunicane,rippingoffroofs,knockingouttransmissionlines,floodingroads,andreducing

somebrickbuildingsindowntownNewOrleanstorubble.Atleasteightpeoplediedinthestormandthetollisexpectedto

riseasemergencyworkerssearchwreckedhomesandbusinesses.

OneofthemostpowerfulhurricanestoeverhittheU.S.mainland,Idabroughta5to12-footstormsurgethatcovered

low-lyingcommunitiesi