Part1單元詞匯…………分類自測閱讀詞匯——語境識(shí)意1.undertheshadowoffear在恐怖的陰影中2.seasonwithpepper用胡椒粉調(diào)味3.apleasantexcursion一次令人愉快的短途出行4.rekindlehopes重新激起希望5.anglethetelescope斜置望遠(yuǎn)鏡6.discoveradistantgalaxy發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的星系7.studycosmicrays研究宇宙射線8.avaguenotion一個(gè)模糊的概念9.themusclesofthelowerback腰部的肌肉10.thespaceshuttle航天飛機(jī)11.abrand-newdisc一張嶄新的光盤拓展詞匯——變形拼寫第一組：動(dòng)詞變形1.suspendv．中止，暫?！鷖uspensionn．暫緩；懸浮2.submitv．提交→submissionn．提交；屈服3.conceivev．構(gòu)想，設(shè)想→conceivableadj.可想象的；可信的→conceivablyadv.可以相信地；可想象地4.kindlev．點(diǎn)燃；激起→rekindlev．重新激起，重新喚起5.simulatev．模仿；假裝→simulatedadj.模仿的，模擬的，仿真的→simulatorn．(用于人員訓(xùn)練的)模擬裝置，模擬器→simulationn．仿真，模擬第二組：名詞、形容詞變形6.awen．敬畏；驚嘆→awesomeadj.很好的，了不起的→awfuladj.很壞的；極討厭的7.exceptionn．例外→exceptionaladj.異常的；特別的→unexceptionaladj.平常的8.visibleadj.看得見的→visibilityn．能見度；明顯性→invisibleadj.看不見的→visionn．視力；視野9.notionn．概念；觀點(diǎn)；看法→notionaladj.猜測的；估計(jì)的10.hazardn．危險(xiǎn)；危害→hazardousadj.危險(xiǎn)的，不安全的11.tragedyn．悲慘的事；悲劇→tragicadj.悲慘的；悲劇的→tragicallyadv.悲慘地，不幸地12.instantaneousadj.立即的；瞬間的→instantaneouslyadv.瞬間地eq\a\vs4\al()名詞后綴-ology表示“……學(xué)”。①biology生物學(xué)ecology生態(tài)學(xué)②sociology社會(huì)學(xué)psychology心理學(xué)③archaeology考古學(xué)④geology地質(zhì)學(xué)zoology動(dòng)物學(xué)核心詞匯——單句應(yīng)用1.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)“WewantedtodosomethingwherewedoacalltoartistsintheBayAreatosubmit(submit)storiesforacontest，”Trostsays.2.(2024·全國甲卷)Theywerepartofa15-memberexploringpartythathadspentalmostfiveawesome(awe)weeksinwitnessofthenaturalbeautiesthere.3.(2024·全國甲卷)Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetching(fetch)habit，butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.4.Heangled(angle)hischairsothathecouldsitandwatchher.5.Shehadonlyavaguenotion(notional)ofwhatmighthappen.6.Tomakethetrainingrealistic，thesimulation(simulate)operatesinrealtime.學(xué)生用書第304頁7.Thelittlegirlwasscreaming(scream)withjoywhenshesawherbirthdaycake.8.Allergiesmakemesneeze(sneeze)alotduringthespringtimebecauseofthepollen.9.Itwasannouncedthatthemeetingwassuspended(suspend)duetotechnicaldifficulties.10.Beingexceptionalwisdomdoesnotnecessarilymeanbeingsuccessful.Forinstance，withveryfewexceptions，mostmembersoftheMensasocietyforpeoplewithhighIQsremainunexceptional．(exception)11.HostsofcharactersdiedtragicallyinmanyShakespeare'stragediesbecauseofthosetragicincidents.(tragedy)12.Catshavesogoodnightvisionthatmanythingsarevisibletothematnightwhichareinvisibleforhumanwiththenakedeye.(vision)13.Althoughsomethingawfulhappenedtomytripinthebeginning，Istillthinkitwasanawesomeexperience.(awe)Part2短語句式……………教材精選Ⅰ.選擇合適的短語并用其正確形式填空becomposedof，beengagedin，takeoff，tunein，reachforthestars，questfor，castashadowon，becomeaccustomedto，setfooton，inreality，stayfit，bringsthtosb'sattention，one'sheartinone'smouth，signupfor1．Inreality，studyingforexamsrequiresalotoftimeandeffortfromstudents.2．Sheisonaquestfortheperfectrecipetoimpressherfriendsatdinner.3．Hedidn'twanttocastashadowontheirhappiness.4．Hesignedupforacookingclasstoimprovehisculinaryskillslastsummer.5．Theairplanetookoffsmoothlyandheadedtowardsitsdestinationinthesky.6．Teenagersshouldbebannedfromsmoking，becauseoncetheirbodiesbecomeaddictedtonicotine，theywillbecomeaccustomedtoit.7．TheexplorersfailedtosetfootonthelandofAntarcticaduetoextremeweather.8．Thecommitteeiscomposedofdoctors，scholarsandaveragepersons.9．Youcanstartnowtotuneintoyourownphysical，socialandspiritualneeds.10．Aftergraduatingfromcollege，hewasengagedinforeigntrade.Ⅱ.根據(jù)所給漢語和要求完成下面的句子1．農(nóng)民給蔬菜澆了水，我們都上去看看木制水車是如何工作的。(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))Thefarmerhavingwateredthevegetables，weallwentuptoseehowthewoodenwaterwheelworked.2．毫無疑問，中國正在世界上扮演著極其重要的角色。(thereisneveranydoubtthat...)ThereisneveranydoubtthatChinaisplayingavitalroleintheworld.Part1核心詞匯……………多維練透shadow(教材義)n．壞影響，陰影；(補(bǔ)充義)n．陰暗處；影子(1)castashadowon給……蒙上陰影(2)intheshadow在陰暗處(3)in/undertheshadowof在……近旁；被(某人的光彩)所掩蓋(4)shadowyadj.幽暗的，陰暗的；模糊的①Icouldjustmakeoutatall，pale，shadowy(shadow)figurewalkingthroughthebush.②Tomalwayslivesin/undertheshadowofhisbrother，whichmakeshimdiscouraged.學(xué)生用書第305頁③[讀后續(xù)寫之人物神態(tài)描寫]她就在那兒，比以前更蒼白、更瘦，在她長長的睫毛的陰影下，隱藏著一個(gè)安靜的悲傷世界。Theresheis，palerandthinnerthanbefore，withaworldofquietsorrowlyingundertheshadowofherlongeyelashes.④(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷應(yīng)用文寫作)我畫的是寧靜的湖面，樹木舞動(dòng)的影子，還有遠(yuǎn)處的小橋和行人。Ipaintedthecalmnessofthelake，thedancingshadowsofthetrees，andthesmallbridgeandpedestriansinthedistance.submit(教材義)v．提交；(補(bǔ)充義)v．順從；屈服(1)submitsthto...把某物呈遞給……(2)submitto向……屈服submitoneselfto服從；甘受①Shedecidedtoresignfromthepartyratherthansubmitherselftothenewrules.②Anyonewhowantstoparticipateshouldgetanapplicationsubmitted(submit)tomebeforethedeadline.③[讀后續(xù)寫之場景描寫]認(rèn)識(shí)到他們的不利地位，另一方不情愿地接受了他們的敵人提出的條件。Recognizingthedisadvantageoftheirposition，theotherpartyunwillinglysubmittedtothetermsproposedbytheirenemy.④(2024·九省聯(lián)考應(yīng)用文寫作)Lastly，theessayshouldbenomorethan300wordsandmustbesubmitted(submit)bynextFriday.becomeaccustomedto...習(xí)慣于……accustomedadj.通常的，習(xí)慣于be/become/getaccustomedto(doing)sth習(xí)慣于(做)某事be/become/getusedto(doing)sth習(xí)慣于(做)某事①Whiletheyoungergenerationsprefertocommunicatevisually，forthoseaccustomedtoworking(work)withtraditionaltoolslikeemail，itmayfeellikealearningcurve.②[讀后續(xù)寫之人物心理狀態(tài)描寫]已經(jīng)習(xí)慣在農(nóng)村生活了，史密斯先生發(fā)現(xiàn)暫停這種狀態(tài)去城市生活很難。Accustomedtolivinginthecountryside，Mr.Smithfoundithardtosuspendthislifeandliveinthecity.③(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Littlebylittle，thesedifferentkindsoflifegotused(use)tooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.④[中國元素]春節(jié)期間，中國家庭習(xí)慣于聚在一起吃團(tuán)圓飯，許多人都習(xí)慣了這個(gè)象征著家庭團(tuán)聚和新年伊始的傳統(tǒng)。DuringtheSpringFestival，itiscustomaryforChinesefamiliestogatherforreuniondinners，andmanyareaccustomedtothistraditionthatsymbolizesfamilyunityandthestartofanewyear.Part2經(jīng)典句式……………寫作遷移句型公式：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(1)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語，修飾謂語或整個(gè)句子，可置于句首、句中或句末，用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，表時(shí)間、原因、伴隨狀態(tài)等。(2)其結(jié)構(gòu)為“名詞或代詞＋非謂語動(dòng)詞”，“名詞或代詞＋形容詞/副詞/介詞短語”。①[讀后續(xù)寫之情感動(dòng)作描寫]Shehuggedthecaringchildrentightly，hereyesfloodedwithtears(眼睛里充滿了淚水).②[讀后續(xù)寫之情節(jié)動(dòng)作描寫]Thechildleadingtheway(孩子領(lǐng)著路)，theyhadnotroublefindingthehouse.③[讀后續(xù)寫之情感動(dòng)作描寫]聽到他們的計(jì)劃，男孩高興地跳了起來，幸福和感激的淚水涌上雙眼。Hearingtheirplan，theboyjumpedforjoy，tearsofhappinessandgratitudewellingupinhiseyes．學(xué)生用書第306頁④[中國元素]霧氣從河流上升起，山巒在背景中巍峨聳立，為這幅古代中國山水畫創(chuàng)造了一種寧靜的氛圍。Themistrisingfromtheriver，themountainsstoodmajesticallyinthebackground，creatingacalmatmosphereintheancientChineselandscapepainting.Part3語境辨義……………舉一反三Ⅰ.熟詞生義(寫出句中加黑詞匯的詞性及漢語意思)1．Thepaintingisexpectedtofetchatleast$20million.v.售得，賣得2．Thereweretobefiveteamsofthreecrewingtheboat.v.(在……)當(dāng)船員3．Thankstotheangleatwhichhestood,hecouldseethesunset.n.角度4．(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Johnsonbeganwritingaboutsportsasasecond-yearstudentattheUniversityofColorado,coveringhighschoolvolleyballgamesforhishometownnewspaper.v.報(bào)道5．(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)However，mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.v.跨越(一段距離)6．(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Audio(音頻)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext，andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies—say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.v.比方說7．(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)IdreamedofenteringcycleracesuntilIflewtoSanDiegotovisitmysister.v.報(bào)名參加Ⅱ.一詞多義(選出下列單詞在句中的正確釋義)1．shadowA．n.陰影，影子 B．n.模糊的輪廓，圖像C．v.使變暗，遮蔽 D．v.跟蹤，盯梢①Thesuncastlongshadowsinthelateafternoon.A②Thetallbuildingshadowsthestreetbelow.C③Thedetectiveshadowedthesuspecttogatherevidence.D2．suspendA．v.暫停，中止 B．v.延緩，推遲C．v.懸掛，吊起 D．v.使暫停職①Alampwassuspendedfromtheceiling.C②Thecompanywasforcedtosuspendoperationsduetothepandemic.A③Themeetinghasbeensuspendeduntilfurthernotice.BⅠ.語篇語境綜合練(語境創(chuàng)新——詞匯再練)Livinginspaceisan1.awesome(awe)experience.Astronautsmustbecomeaccustomed2.toadifferentwayoflife.Thenotionoffloatinginspacesoundsexciting，butitisnotalwaysunexceptional.Thespaceshuttletakes3.thecrewtospace，wheretheyoftenfacechallenges.4．Tragically(tragic)，accidentscancastashadowonspacemissions.Once，amalfunctionledtoacrashthatleftfamilies5.screaming(scream)inhorror.Inmicrogravity，itemsremainsuspendedintheair，whichcanbequiteamusingyetrisky.Seeingtheworldwiththenakedeyefromspaceis6.stimulating(stimulate)，offeringviewsthatarenotavailablefromEarth.Astronautsmustlearn7.toangle(angle)theirbodiestofetchitemsfloatingaround.8.Conceivably(conceivable)，humansmightonedayliveonMars.學(xué)生用書第307頁Trainingformissionsisnotstraightforward.Everydaytaskssuchasbrushingteeth，9.sneezing(sneeze)，andmuscleexercisesarechallenging.Scientistsworkhardtocreatelifelikeenvironmentstohelpastronautsprepare.Spaceremainsa10.fetching(fetch)frontier，filledwithbothriskandwonder.Ⅱ.真題難句拓展練(剖析長句——精準(zhǔn)翻譯)1．(2023·浙江1月卷)I'velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough，whichIhopeyou'llfindencouragingifyou'redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.[剖析]本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。句子主干為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)I'velearnedafewthings。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面整個(gè)句子；if引導(dǎo)狀語從句；how引導(dǎo)賓語從句。[翻譯]然而，在這一過程中，我也學(xué)到了一些東西。如果你正盡最大努力想出如何在一個(gè)并不總是支持你的家庭中做出改變的話，我希望你能從中得到鼓舞。2．(2021·全國甲卷)Once，whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam(橫桿)，Ifellontothestones，damaginganerveinmyhand，andTobycameover，helpingmeup：Safe，man.Safe.[剖析]本句是and連接的并列句。and前面的分句主干為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)Ifellontothestones；whentrying相當(dāng)于狀語從句的省略結(jié)構(gòu)；damaginganerveinmyhand為結(jié)果狀語。and后為簡單句；helpingmeup為伴隨狀語。[翻譯]有一次，我嘗試在橫桿上做一個(gè)動(dòng)作，結(jié)果摔倒在石頭上，傷到了手上的一根神經(jīng)；托比走過來把我扶起來：小心點(diǎn)，兄弟。小心點(diǎn)。Ⅰ.應(yīng)用文寫作增分練——外太空(參觀南京紫金山天文臺(tái))結(jié)合本單元話題，用單元詞匯、經(jīng)典句型完成下面的應(yīng)用文寫作并背誦。[基礎(chǔ)語料]單元詞匯awesome，rekindle，instantaneously，scream，lifelike，galaxy，invisible，becomeaccustomedto經(jīng)典句型so...that...句型；asif句型；guided動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語；that引導(dǎo)定語從句；allowing動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語；on/upondoing結(jié)構(gòu)[情境呈現(xiàn)]你校組織同學(xué)們參觀了紫金山天文臺(tái)(PurpleHillsObservatory)，請你以AtriptoPurpleHillsObservatory寫一篇文章給學(xué)校英文報(bào)投稿，講述參觀經(jīng)歷并發(fā)表感想。[思路點(diǎn)撥]人稱以第一人稱為主時(shí)態(tài)以一般過去時(shí)為主內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)線索第一段引出主題(概括話題)→第二段介紹具體參觀內(nèi)容和細(xì)節(jié)→結(jié)尾表達(dá)感想[寫作輸出]AtriptoPurpleHillsObservatoryVisitingthePurpleHillsObservatoryinNanjingwasreallyanawesomeexperience.(1)On/Uponenteringtheobservatory(一進(jìn)入天文臺(tái)；on/upondoing結(jié)構(gòu))，thelightsdimmed，andinstantaneously，abreathtakingdisplayofstarsfilledtheceiling.(2)ThevisualsweresolifelikethatitfeltasifIwastransportedintothegalaxyitself(視覺效果是如此逼真，以至于我感覺好像被傳送到了銀河系本身；lifelike，galaxy;so...that...句型；asif句型).(3)Thenguidedbyanenthusiasticastronomer，weexploredthemysteriesofthecosmos(然后在一位熱心的天文學(xué)家的指導(dǎo)下，我們探索了宇宙的奧秘；guided動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語).Theimagesofdistantgalaxies(4)thatonceseemedinvisible(曾經(jīng)似乎是看不見的；invisible；that引導(dǎo)定語從句)weredisplayedonthegiantscreens，leavingusinastateofwonderandscreaminginamazement.Seriously，thisjourneyrekindledmyfascination學(xué)生用書第308頁forthecosmos，(5)allowingmetobecomeaccustomedtothemagnificenceoftheuniverse(讓我習(xí)慣了宇宙的壯麗；becomeaccustomedto;allowing動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語).[變式表達(dá)]根據(jù)本文最后一句話的意思填空，保持意義基本一致。Truly，thistriphasstimulatedmypassionforthecosmos，helpingmegrowfamiliarwiththeuniverse'ssplendor．Ⅱ.讀后續(xù)寫微點(diǎn)練——愛心人捐贈(zèng)(景色描寫)[基礎(chǔ)語料]詞匯scenic風(fēng)景如畫的picturesque風(fēng)景如畫的breathtaking壯觀的starrysky滿天繁星stunning極美的snow-cappedmountains白雪皚皚的山峰rollinghills連綿起伏的山丘naturalbeauty自然風(fēng)光landscapeview風(fēng)景sceneryspot景點(diǎn)句式not...more表示最高級(jí)；強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語細(xì)節(jié)描寫1.Themoonshinesbrightlyinthenightsky.月亮在夜空中閃耀。2．Thepanoramicviewfromthetopofthemountainwasbreathtaking.山頂?shù)娜傲钊藝@為觀止。3．Thepicturesquecountrysideremindedherofaclassicpainting.這個(gè)如詩如畫的鄉(xiāng)村讓她想起了一幅經(jīng)典畫作。4．Thesunsetcreatedadramaticdisplayofcolorsovertheocean.海洋上的日落呈現(xiàn)出戲劇性的色彩展示。5．Thestunningwaterfallwashiddenawayintheheartofthejungle.這個(gè)極美的瀑布隱藏在叢林深處。[情境呈現(xiàn)]家中物品多，需要處理→舉辦庭院拍賣→兒子Braxton想賣檸檬水?dāng)€錢買樂高→家庭準(zhǔn)備拍賣和檸檬水站→拍賣開始，但Braxton的檸檬水未開張→一位女士購買玩具，慷慨給Braxton找零→家人感嘆女士的善舉→……[思路點(diǎn)撥]文體：記敘文人稱：第一、三人稱時(shí)態(tài)：一般過去時(shí)為主續(xù)寫思路：根據(jù)所給首句Severalminutespassedandthewomanreturned.可知，接下來要寫我們會(huì)思考女士返回的原因以及她的行為表現(xiàn)等。[寫作輸出]Severalminutespassedandthewomanreturned.“Isthereanythingwrong？”Ithoughttomyself.(1)Iactuallythoughtshemighthavechangedhermindandwantedacupoflemonade(我實(shí)際上認(rèn)為她可能改變了主意，想要一杯檸檬水).(2)Ofcourse，Icouldn'thavebeenmorewrong(當(dāng)然，我大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)了；not...more表示最高級(jí)).(3)Shewascarryinganenvelopethistime(她這次帶著一個(gè)信封).Shehandedittousandsaid，“ItisforBraxton.And(4)Idohopethatitcanhelphimwithhiswish(我真的希望它能幫助他實(shí)現(xiàn)他的愿望；強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語).”Wethankedherandshewalkedaway.(5)Weopenedtheenvelopeaftersheleftandfounda$100billinit(她走后我們打開信封，發(fā)現(xiàn)里面有一張100美元的鈔票).[變式表達(dá)]用動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語作狀語改寫最后一句。Havingopenedtheenvelopeaftersheleft，wefounda$100billinit.單元測評(píng)42Unit6Spaceandbeyondeq\a\vs4\al(\f(對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生,用書P441))(時(shí)間：30分鐘滿分：35分)(本欄目內(nèi)容在學(xué)生用書中以活頁形式分冊裝訂！)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(本題共8個(gè)小題；每小題2.5分，共20分)A(2025·武漢二調(diào))Ifyouliveonthisplanet,there'sadecentchanceyou'veseentheclassicStarTrekEpisode,inwhichCaptainKirkandseveralmembersfindthemselvesinwhatappearstobeanotheruniverse.Thesedays,itseemstheideaofthemultiverse—manyworlds—ishavingitsHollywoodmoment.Itsappealasastorytellingdeviceisobvious—charactersexploreamulti-worldwithvaryingdegreesofsimilaritytoourown,aswellasdifferentversionsofthemselves.Hence,ithasbeenfullyestablishedinmainstreampopculture.WhileHollywoodcan'tseemtogetenoughofthemultiverse,itremainsdeeplycontroversialamongscientists.Advocatesonthetwosidesshownomercytowardeachotherintheirbooks,ontheirblogs.Butphysicistsdidn'tpulltheideaoutofthinair—rather,severaldistinctlinesofreasoningseemtopointtothemultiverse'sexistence.However,criticswarnthatmakingthemultiverselegalcouldmakeitharderforthepublictodistinguishspeculative(推測性的)theoriesfromestablishedfact,makingitmoredifficulttokeeppseudo-science(偽科學(xué))atbay.Givingcredittosuchspeculationrisks“turningfundamentalphysicsintopseudo-science”．Themultiversecontroversyisrootedintheideaoftestability.Ifwecan'tinteractwiththeseotheruniverses,ordetecttheminanyway,someexpertsinsistthatreducesthemtomerephilosophicalspeculation.ButCarroll,anadvocatefor“manyworlds”，arguesthatmathematicsisthelanguagedescribingourphysicaltheories.SinceSchrdinger'sequation(方程),onwhichquantum(量子)mechanicrests,predictstheexistenceofmanyworlds,sobeit.Couldamoreexpansiveviewoftheuniverseitselfbethenextbreakthrough?AsSiegfriedputsit:“Everytimeinthepastthatwe'vethought，‘We'vegotit;thisiswhatthewholeuniverseis’—thepeoplewho'vesaid，‘Maybethere'smorethanoneofthose’havealwaysturnedouttoberight.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。雖然近來好萊塢似乎對(duì)多元宇宙欲罷不能，但它在科學(xué)家看來仍然存在著很大的爭議。1．WhyisHollywoodsooccupiedwiththemultiverse?A．Itmakesforengagingplots.B．Itisamuch-talked-abouttopic.C．Itishelpfultopopularizescience.D．Itdominatesthemainstreampopculture.答案：A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Itsappealasastorytellingdeviceisobvious—charactersexploreamulti-worldwithvaryingdegreesofsimilaritytoourown,aswellasdifferentversionsofthemselves.”可知，將多元宇宙作為一種講故事的手段，非常具有吸引力。由此可知，好萊塢執(zhí)著于多元宇宙，是因?yàn)樗幸巳雱俚那楣?jié)。故選A。2．WhatdoestheunderlinedphraseinParagraph3probablymean?A．Outofdate. B．Outofplace.C．Outofnowhere. D．Outofquestion.答案：C解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線短語后面的“rather,severaldistinctlinesofreasoningseemtopointtothemultiverse'sexistence”可知，有推理路線證明多元宇宙是存在的，由此可推知，這是有道理的，物理學(xué)家提出這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)并不是無中生有/突然冒出來的。outofthinair意為“憑空地，無中生有地”，C選項(xiàng)和畫線短語意思相近。故選C。3．Accordingtotheopponents,thebasicstandardoffundamentalphysicsisthat．A．itcanbedetectedsomehowB．itcanbereasonedlogicallyC．itcanbeinterpretedphilosophicallyD．itcanbepredictedbymathematicsequation答案：A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“However,criticswarnthatmakingthemultiverselegalcouldmakeit...Givingcredittosuchspeculationrisks‘turningfundamentalphysicsintopseudo-science’．”可知，批評(píng)者認(rèn)為讓多元宇宙合法化可能會(huì)使公眾難以區(qū)分推測性理論和既定事實(shí)，相信這種推測有可能導(dǎo)致基礎(chǔ)物理學(xué)變成偽科學(xué)。由此可推知，基礎(chǔ)物理學(xué)是以既定事實(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的，能以某種方式被發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選A。4．Whatmightbetheauthor'sattitudetowardthemultiverse?A．Doubtful. B．Dismissive.C．Unclear. D．Approving.答案：D解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段中的“SinceSchrdinger'sequation(方程),onwhichquantum(量子)mechanicrests,predictstheexistenceofmanyworlds,sobeit.”和最后一段可知，作者認(rèn)為既然有理論預(yù)測了許多世界的存在，那就順其自然吧，那些說“那其中也許不止一個(gè)”的人總是被證明是對(duì)的。由此可推知，作者對(duì)多元宇宙的概念持支持態(tài)度。故選D。B(2025·天域全國名校協(xié)作體聯(lián)考)Withthefastdevelopmentofastronomy,astronomersareeagertofindahintofthefamiliar:planetsthatresembleEarth.Bypushingtechnologytothelimits,astronomersarerapidlyapproachingthedaywhentheycanfindanotherEarth.Themostdirectapproachistotakeapictureofitwithatelescope.However,amoreeffectivewayistouse“theDopplertechnique”．Thisinvolvesanalyzingstarlightforevidencethatthestar'smovementisaffectedbythegravitationalpullofaplanet.Nowadays,astronomerscantellwhenaplanetispullingitsstarbyonlyonemeterasecond—abouthumanwalkingspeed.That'senoughtodetectagiantplanetinabigorbit,orasmallplanetifit'sclosetoitsstar.Anotherapproachistowatchastarforaslightdipinitsbrightness.Thisoccurswhenanorbitingplanetpassesinfrontofthestarandblockspartofitslight.Atmost,atenthofallplanetarysystemsareorientedsothatthesemini-eclipses(日食)—calledtransits(凌日)—arevisiblefromEarth.So,astronomershavetomonitoralotofstarstocapturejustafewtransits.ThedreamofastronomersistodiscoverarockyplanetroughlythesizeofEarthorbitinginahabitablezone,onethatisneithertoohotnortoocoldtosupportlife.Iftheysucceed,theywillhavefoundwhatbiologistsbelievecouldbeapromisingresidenceforlife.Thebestplacestolookmaybedwarfstars.Smallerthanthesun,dwarfstarsareplentiful;sevenofthetenstarsnearesttoEartharedwarfstars.Theyalsoprovideasteadysupplyofsunlighttoanylife-bearingplanetswithintheirhabitablezone.Additionally,dwarfstarsaredim,sothehabitablezoneliescloserin.Iftheplanetisclosertothestar,it'seasierforastronomerstodetectatransitobservation.Aclose-inplanetalsohasastrongerpullonitsstar.ThatmakesiteasiertodetectwiththeDopplermethod.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了天文學(xué)家尋找類地行星的方法和目標(biāo)，科學(xué)家們使用望遠(yuǎn)鏡、多普勒技術(shù)和監(jiān)測恒星光度變化等方法來尋找類地行星。5．AccordingtoParagraphtwo,astronomersanalyzestarlightwiththeaimoffinding．A.wherewecandetectagiantorbitB.whyasmallplanetisclosetoitsstarsC.whetherthemotionofthestarsischangedD.howstrongthepowerofthegravitationalpullis答案：C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“...istouse‘theDopplertechnique’．Thisinvolvesanalyzingstarlightforevidencethatthestar'smovementisaffectedbythegravitationalpullofaplanet.”可知，科學(xué)家利用多普勒技術(shù)來分析星光，想要找出恒星的運(yùn)動(dòng)是否會(huì)受到某個(gè)行星引力的影響。故選C。6．Whydoastronomershavetomonitoralotofstarstocapturetransits?A.Transitslastaveryshortperiodoftime.B.Mostplanetarysystemsdon'thavetransits.C.Transitsonlyoccurforasmallnumberofstars.D.Nomorethan10%planetarysystemshavevisibletransitsfromEarth.答案：D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Atmost...So,astronomershavetomonitoralotofstarstocapturejustafewtransits.”可知，最多只有十分之一的行星系統(tǒng)是定向的，這樣從地球上就可以看到這些迷你日食，也就是所謂的凌日。由此可推知，天文學(xué)家必須監(jiān)測很多恒星才能捕捉到一些凌日現(xiàn)象，因?yàn)榭蓮牡厍蛏嫌^測到凌日現(xiàn)象的行星系統(tǒng)不超過10%。故選D。7．DwarfstarsmaybegoodplacestospotEarth-likeplanetsbecause．A.dwarfstarsarelimitedinnumberB.theirplanetsareclosetotheEarthC.theclosenessofthehabitablezonetodwarfstarsaidsdetectionD.thebrightnessofdwarfstarstoEarthimprovestheirvisibility答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Additionally,dwarfstarsaredim...ThatmakesiteasiertodetectwiththeDopplermethod.”可知，矮星亮度不高，故其離宜居住帶近。如果宜居住帶內(nèi)的行星離矮星更近的話，天文學(xué)家更容易觀察到其凌日現(xiàn)象，這樣就更容易發(fā)現(xiàn)類地行星的存在，同時(shí)離得近的行星對(duì)矮星的引力就更強(qiáng)，因此更容易通過多普勒方法被觀測到。故選C。8．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothediscoveryofEarth-likeplanets?A．Confident. B．Suspicious.C．Ambiguous. D．Unconcerned.答案：A解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章第一段點(diǎn)題：隨著天文學(xué)的發(fā)展，科學(xué)家們迫切想要發(fā)現(xiàn)類地行星的蹤跡，通過不斷地推進(jìn)前沿科技，科學(xué)家們離找到一顆類地行星的日子不遠(yuǎn)了；再結(jié)合下文對(duì)兩大方法的詳細(xì)的正向的介紹可知，作者對(duì)找到類地行星很有信心。故選A。Ⅱ.完形填空(本題共15個(gè)小題；每小題1分，共15分)(2025·重慶二測)In1970,AlanAyerswasparticipatinginaskydivingteamcompetitioninGainesville,Florida.Hewouldbe1outofaCessna172,asmallfour-seatpassengerplane.Inpreparation,thepassengerdoorandfrontpassengerseatwere2，butthepassengersideseatbeltremained.Ayers'teammatesskydivedfirst,3himandthepilotastheonlytwopeopleremainingintheplane.ItwasAyers'4．Butashesteppedoutintotheair,hisfootgot5inthepassengersideseatbelt.“Iwascompletelyoutoftheplaneonmyback,6atthebellyoftheCessna,withonlymyboot7tothepilot...Itriedtopullmyselfuptoreachthebuckle(鎖扣),butIjustcouldn't，”Ayersremembered.Thousandsoffeetintheair,hangingfromtheplane,Ayerswasoutof8．“Andwhathappenednextwas9，”Ayerssaid.“The23-year-oldpilotunbuckledherseatbelt,crouched(蹲)downinthedooroftheairplane,withbothhandsofftheoperatinghandle,and10myankle.”Ayersdroppedawayfromtheplane,openedhisparachute,andlanded11．Morethan50yearslater,sheoftencameintohis12，“Tothisday,Icanseehertwo13handsreachingoutofthedoortounbucklethebelt，”Ayerssaid.“Iowemy14tothispersonandwillalwaysthinkofherasoneofthe15peopleimaginable.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了AlanAyers在跳傘時(shí)，腳被安全帶卡住，人懸在半空中，機(jī)上的