第十講：賓語從句【考點(diǎn)解讀】賓語從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，在句子中充當(dāng)賓語。該從句是中學(xué)階段的一個重要語法項(xiàng)目，在歷年的小升初模擬考試中幾乎都涉及到，并且每年的命題幾乎都是選擇題。本講就歷屆小升初模擬考試試題涉及到該從句考查的焦點(diǎn)在此作以歸納，以期有助于同學(xué)們復(fù)習(xí)、備考?！局R講解】知識點(diǎn)1——賓語從句的定義和三要素賓語從句概念導(dǎo)入什么叫賓語Itreatyou.我招待你主語+謂語動詞+賓語.(簡單句基本句型之一)主語：動作發(fā)出者。謂語動詞：主語做出的動作。賓語：動作的承受者，即動作的對象。及物動詞vt.+賓語介詞prep.2.句子的種類肯定句陳述句否定句一般疑問句特殊疑問句按使用目的和交際功能分為疑問句選擇疑問句反義疑問句祈使句感嘆句：what引導(dǎo)和How引導(dǎo)主+謂.主+謂+賓.簡單句主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ).主+謂+間賓+直賓.主+系+表.表遞進(jìn)或順承：and,notonly…butalso…等表轉(zhuǎn)折：but,yet…并列句表選擇：or,either…or……表因果：so,for按照結(jié)構(gòu)分定語從句主語從句名詞性從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句復(fù)合句時間狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句原因狀語從句條件狀語從句狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句目的狀語從句比較狀語從句讓步狀語從句方式狀語從句什么叫從句？什么叫賓語從句？Iknowit.主謂賓.主句Iknowthatyoulikeit.主謂賓主謂賓（句子）從句（跟從、依附）從句主句Whenthefilmended,peoplewentoutthecinema.主謂主謂賓賓語從句：在句中充當(dāng)賓語的從句。知識點(diǎn)2——賓語從句的三要素的解讀賓語從句的種類根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的不同，賓語從句可分為如下幾種情況：

1.當(dāng)陳述句充當(dāng)賓語時，由that引導(dǎo)從句。that只起連接作用，沒有實(shí)在意義，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，因此，在口語和非正式文體中常常省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.

Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.

Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.2，當(dāng)一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語時，由if或whether引導(dǎo)從句，有“是否”的含義，但在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.

Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.

3.當(dāng)特殊疑問句充當(dāng)賓語時，把特殊疑問詞當(dāng)做連詞來引導(dǎo)從句，它們是連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which和連接副詞when,where,why,how。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?

Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.

CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?

Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.4.當(dāng)選擇疑問句充當(dāng)賓語時，用whether充當(dāng)連詞引導(dǎo)從句。Sheaskedmewhetherthisbookwasmineorhis.5.當(dāng)感嘆句充當(dāng)賓語時，what/how充當(dāng)連詞引導(dǎo)從句。Iwonderhowstupidheis.當(dāng)祈使句，多采用“動詞+賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。Leavetheroomquietly.Hetoldmetoleavetheroomquietly.Becarefulwiththedog.Iwarnedyoutobecarefulwiththedog.注意：whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，表示“是否”，但要注意以下情況：1.whether引導(dǎo)的從句常可以與連詞or或ornot連用，而if一般不能。例如：正：Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.

誤：Letmeknowifyoucancomeornot.2.whether...（ornot）無論是...還是...引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，置于句首。例如：正：Whetheritistrueornot,Idon’tcareit.誤：Ifitistrueornot,Idon’tcareit.3.whether可以引導(dǎo)帶to的不定式，if則不能。例如：正：Idon’tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.

誤：Idon’tknowiftoacceptorrefuse.4.whether及其引導(dǎo)的成分可放于介詞之后，作介詞的賓語，但if不能。例如：正：IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.

誤：IworryaboutifIhurtherfeelings.5.whether引導(dǎo)的從句，除了可以做賓語，還可以作主語、表語或同位語，而if不能。例如：正：Itwasuncertainwhetherhewouldcome.誤：Itwasuncertainifhewouldcome.

正：HisfirstquestionwaswhetherTomhadarrivedyet.誤：HisfirstquestionwasifTomhadarrivedyet.

正：Wemustconsiderthequestionwhetherwewilltakethesemeasures.

誤：Wemustconsiderthequestionifwewilltakethesemeasures.（二）賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述語序。例如：Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.

Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.

CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?

Pleasetellmewhenwehadthemeetinglastnight.總結(jié)：主句+that/if/whether/特殊疑問詞+陳述句語序，特別要注意who,whose,what,which充當(dāng)賓語從句的主語時候，后跟謂語動詞即可。例：Idon’tknowWhat’sthematter/wrongwithyou.Shewonderswhichsubjectwillbechosennextyear.（三）賓語從句的時態(tài)主現(xiàn)從任十二個字：主過從過從客用現(xiàn)

1.如果主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句保持自己原來的時態(tài)。

例如：Idon’tthink(that)youareright.

Pleasetelluswherehehasgone.

Canyoutellmehowyoufinisheditsofast?

2.如果主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)，具體變化如下：一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時一般過去時一般過去時/過去完成時1）“Areyoufreenow?”sheaskedme.SheaskedmeifIwasfreethen.2）“TheywillflytoBritainnextweek.”Shesaid.ShesaidtheywouldflytoBritainthenextweek.3）“Ihavefinishedmywork.”IsaidtoJohn.ItoldJohnIhadfinishedmywork.4）“Whatareyoudoing?”Tomaskedme.TomaskedmewhatIwasdoing.5）“Didyouhelphimlastweek?”Iwantedtoknow.Iwantedtoknowifyouhadhelpedhimtheweekbefore.

3.如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理，無論主句時態(tài)如何變化，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.

Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.4.Would/Couldyoutell(makesure...)…是用來征詢對方意見，語氣委婉，并不表示過去，作為一般現(xiàn)在時看待。Couldyoutellmewhenwewillvisitthemuseum.知識點(diǎn)3——帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句如何轉(zhuǎn)換成簡單句1．賓語從句的主語和主句主語相同，且主句謂語動詞是hope/wish/decide/agree/choose等時，從句可以簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)：例：Hehopesthathecandoitbyhimself.→Hehopestodoitbyhimself.2.當(dāng)特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的主語和主句主語相同時，且主句的謂語動詞是know,remember/forget/learn等時，從句可以簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”例：Idon’tknowwhereIshouldgotonight.→Idon’tknowwheretogotonight.知識點(diǎn)4——賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移賓語從句中，如果主句的主語是第一人稱，主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,guess等，且為一般現(xiàn)在時，要將從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。例Idon’tthinkyoucandoitbyyourself.Ithinkyoucan’tdoitbyyourself.知識點(diǎn)5——直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語是賓語從句的具體運(yùn)用，在變化過程中要注意以下三個方面。人稱變化 ：根據(jù)句義進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的人稱變化。例：Hesaid,“Iamgladtoseeyoutoday.” → Hesaidthathewasgladtoseemetoday.2）時態(tài)變化(參見上文）。3）指示代詞、時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語的變化。例：Heaskedme,“Willyoucomeheretomorrow?”→HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotherethenextday.直接引語間接引語指示代詞thisthatthesethosenowthen時間狀語todaythatdayyesterdaythedaybeforetomorrowthenextdaynextweekthenextweeklastyeartheyearbeforeaweekagoaweekbefore地點(diǎn)狀語herethere主句動詞的變化saytosbask/tell從句動詞的變化comegobringtake三、【典例探究】【例題1】：1.Couldyoupleasetellme________hewillcomeheretomorrow?A.ifB.weatherC.whatD.which2.Couldyoutellme___?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingC.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing答案：AC四、【課堂運(yùn)用】【基礎(chǔ)】1.Doyouknow__________________?A.wheredoessheliveB.sheliveswhereC.whereshelivesD.whereshelive2.Hisparentswantedtoknowwhathe______atthattime.A.isdoingB.wasdoingC.hasdoneD.willdo答案：CB【練習(xí)1】I.把直接引語改成間接引語1.Hesaid,"I'mafraidIcan'tfinishthework."________________________________________2.Hesaid,"I'musingtheknife."________________________________________3.Hesaid,"Icametohelpyou."________________________________________4.Shesaid,"I'llcomeherethisevening."________________________________________5.Shesaid,"Heleft30minutesago."________________________________________【鞏固】1.—Wedon’tknow______.--ItissaidthathewasborninCanada.A.whatheisB.whenhewasbornC.wherehecomesfromD.ifheliveshere2．Lily’smotherlookedforherforhalfanhour,butcouldnotfind________?A.whatLilywasB.whatwasLilyC.whereLilywasD.wherewasLily答案：CC【練習(xí)1】II.Choosethebestconjunctionstocompletethefollowingsentences1.Jimtoldme__________hedidn'tgofishingyesterdayafternoon.（how,why）2.Doyouknow__________elseisgoingtobeondutytoday？（who,whom）3.Shesaid__________itwouldn'tmattermuch.（that,if）4.Healwaysthinks__________hecandobetter.（how,who）5.Ireallydon'tknow__________thebridgewillbefinished.（howlong,howsoon）6.Theydon'tknow__________togoorwait.(if,whether)7.Wearetalkingabout__________we’llgobacktomorrow.(whether,if)8.Iwasreallysurprisedat__________Isaw.(where,what)9.Idon'tknow__________somanypeoplearelookingathim.(how,why)10.Doyouknow__________youarestudyingfor?(why,what)【拔高】【練習(xí)1】1.Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake2.Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travelsD.hadtravelled答案：ACIII.Choosethebestanswer.（選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?.-Couldyoutellme______theBambooGarden?

-Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink.

A.whenwillyouvisit B.whenyouwillvisit

C.whenwouldyouvisit D.whenyouwouldvisit2.Wouldyoupleasetellme______next,Mr.Wang?A.whatshouldwedo B.weshoulddowhat

C.whatweshoulddo D.shouldwedowhat3.Youcan’timagine______whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcited B.howexcitedtheywere

C.howexcitedwerethey D.theywerehowexcited4.Iwanttoknow______youwillcomebackat8:00tomorrow.A.that B.when C.where D.whether5.-Couldyoutellme______?

-Sorry,Idon’tknow.Iwasnotatthemeeting.

A.whatdoeshesayatthemeeting B.whatdidhesayatthemeeting

C.whathesaysatthemeeting D.whathesaidatthemeeting五、【課后鞏固】【習(xí)題1】……（宋體五號不加粗）1.Idon'tknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I'lltellyou．A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If2.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome3.Couldyoutellme____thenearesthospitalis?A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended5.Iwanttoknow_________.A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter6.Doyouknowwhere_________now?A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive7.Doyouknowwhattime_________?A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves8.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare9.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockingsIcan'tunderstand_____.A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans11.Idon’tknow_____hewillbebackhome.A.whoB.whatC.whenD.where12.Couldyoutellme___________?A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingforC.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein13.Doyoustillremember_______?A.thathesaidB.whathesaidC.didhesaythatD.whatdidhesay14.Ican’tunderstand______theboyalone.A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleaveC.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft15.Shetoldmethesun______intheeast.A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen16.Theytriedtofindout______thenewtrain________.A.howfar/hadgoneB.howlong/hasgoneC.howfar/wentD.howfar/hadrun17.Themanagercameuptosee__________.A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwasC.whatthematterisD.what’sthematter18.Canyoutellme___________?A.whatareyoudoingB.wheredoyoustudyC.whatyouweredoingD.whattodoit19.Heaskedhisfather_______.A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithappen20.Noonetellsus______，soweneedyourhelp.A.howweshoulddoB.whatshouldwedoC.howtodoitD.whattodoit答案：1.參考答案D.前一個if引導(dǎo)賓語從句，表示選擇“是否”，后一個if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句表示將來的動作，所以用主將從現(xiàn)。2.參考答案D.我不知道后天他是否回來，賓語從句用陳述語序。3.參考答案D.where表示地點(diǎn)，最近的醫(yī)院在哪里。4.參考答案C賓語從句用陳述語序，已經(jīng)說了是修理錄音機(jī)，所以不用what,而用how.5.參考答案D賓語從句用陳述語序，whom作照顧的賓語。6.參考答案A主句用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，從句不受限制，住在哪里用一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句用陳述語序。7.參考答案D賓語從句用陳述語序，從句是客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時。8.參考答案D賓語從句用陳述語序。9.參考答案B賓語從句用陳述語序，what在從句中做主語。10.參考答案D賓語從句用陳述語序，what在從句中做賓語。11.參考答案C.因?yàn)楹竺娴膹木涫钦f他將回家，所以前面應(yīng)該是我不知道他什么時間回家。12.參考答案B.B是陳述語序，D可以用whereyoulive或whichyoulivein.13.參考答案B.賓語從句用陳述語序，what在賓語從句中做said的賓語。14.參考答案A.賓語從句用陳述語序，主句用現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)，從句根據(jù)事實(shí)用相應(yīng)的時態(tài)。15.參考答案C.客觀真理用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。16.參考答案D.距離多遠(yuǎn)一般用howfar，go是個瞬間動詞，所以應(yīng)該用可以表示持續(xù)動作的動詞。17.參考答案A.主句是過去時態(tài)，從句要用過去的相應(yīng)時態(tài)，所以C、D排除。What作賓語從句的主語。18.參考答案D.what作動詞不定式的真正賓語。19.參考答案C.賓語從句用陳述語序，主句是一般過去時態(tài)，從句也用過去時態(tài)。20.參考答案C.因?yàn)椴恢鯓幼?，所以需要你的幫助，如果是不知道做什么，會有人告訴你做什么的。如果對主語提問，則特殊疑問句的語序不變?！玖?xí)題2】點(diǎn)擊小升初1.Someofmyfriendsareinterestedinscience,butnoneofthemcantell_______.A.whenUFOswillappearnexttimeB.whydohorsesknowthewayC.wherewasthiskindofplantfoundD.howdoelephantscommunicate2.---WhattimewillMr.BrownbebacktoChina?----Sorry.Idon’tknow_______..A.whendidhegoabroadB.whyheisgoingabroadC.howsoonwillhebebackD.howlonghewillstayabroad3.---MayIcomein?I’msorryIamlate.----Comein,please.Butcouldyoupleasetellme_______?A.whyyouarelateagainB.whatwereyoudoingthenC.whoyoutalkedwithD.howdoyoucometoschool4.---Couldyoupleasetellme_______?----BusNo.32willtakeyourightthere.A.whereisHenanMuseumB.whatHenanMuseumislikeC.howcanIgettoHenanMuseumD.whichbusIshalltaketoHenanMuseum5.PetersaysthattheWhitesareonholiday,butnooneknows_______.A.wheretheyhavebeenB.wherearetheyC.wherearetheyfromD.wheretheyhavegone6.---Doyouknow_______theCapitalMuseum?---NextFriday.A.whenwilltheyvisitB.whentheywillvisitC.whendidtheyvisitD.whentheyvisited7.Hewantedtoknow_______theEnglishparty.A.whenwillwehaveB.whenwewillhaveC.whenwouldwehaveD.whenwewouldhave8.Iwanttoknow_______.A.whenweshouldarriveattheairportB.whenshouldwearriveattheairportC.whentheairportweshouldarriveatD.whentheairportshouldwearriveat9.---David,lookatthemaninwhiteoverthere.Canyoutellme_______?----Heisadoctor.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whatisheD.whatheis10.---Couldyoutellme_______?Heiswa