高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1廣東省廣州市越秀區(qū)某中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高二下期末英語(yǔ)試卷第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AFilmingLocationsYouCanActuallyVisitMars(TheMartian)Whenyousearchforalocationtostandinforthesurfaceofanotherworld,TheWadiRumProtectedAreainfarsouthernJordanisagoodplacetostart.Withtheimpressive“vastandechoingandGod-like”landscape,itservedasthebackgroundofMattDamon’s18-monthstayontheredplanetinTheMartian.JurassicParkTheHawaiianislandswerethelocationsforsomeofJurassicPark’smostmemorablescenes.KauaiprovidestheroughcoastlineandsomeofthemostbreathtakingfeaturesofthefictionalIslaNublar,whiletherollinghillsofOahu’sKualoaRanchfunctionasthebackgroundoftheGallimimusstampede(逃亡).HobbitonUnliketheotherlocationsinthislist,theShireisawhollyartificialset,builtonasheepfarmonNewZealand’sNorthIsland.CreatedforPeterJackson’sbig-screenadaptationofJ.R.R.Tolkien’sTheLordoftheRingstrilogy,Hobbitonbegantodrawcuriousfansshortlyafterthereleaseofthefirstfilmintheseries.Intime,whatbeganasatemporarylocationdesignedtohostathree-monthmovieshoothasevolvedintoaTolkienesquethemeparkwithover350,000visitorsannually.King’sLandingTheHBOseriesGameofThronesbringstolifethemanylocationsofGeorgeR.R.Martin’sfantasyworld,buttheconflictofsex,swords,andtrickeryreachesitspeakinthecapitalofKing’sLanding.The“real”capitalofWesteroscanbefoundinDubrovnik,Croatia.Thecity’s16th-centuryfortresswallsoverlookBlackwaterBay,whiletheparks,avenues,andalleysoftheoldcityhavewitnessedthetriumphsandtragediesofHouseLannister.1. WhichofthefourlocationsshouldyouvisitifyouareabigfanofJ.R.R.Tolkien? A.Mars(TheMartian). B.JurassicPark. C.Hobbiton. D.King’sLanding.2. WhatdothemovielocationsMarsandJurassicParkhaveincommon? A.Theyarebothonthecoast. B.Theydemonstratemagnificentviews. C.Theycanrepresentanotherworld. D.Theyaresetforonlyonefilm.3. WhatcanvisitorsdoinKing’sLanding? A.Seeancientfortresswalls. B.PlayrolesinGameofThrones. C.VisitGeorgeR.R.Martin. D.Experiencethetriumphsandtragedies.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹的是可以參觀的電影拍攝地點(diǎn)的相關(guān)信息。1.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Hobbiton部分的“CreatedforPeterJackson’sbig-screenadaptationofJ.R.R.Tolkien’sTheLordoftheRingstrilogy,Hobbitonbegantodrawcuriousfansshortlyafterthereleaseofthefirstfilmintheseries.Intime,whatbeganasatemporarylocationdesignedtohostathree-monthmovieshoothasevolvedintoaTolkienesquethemeparkwithover350,000visitorsannually.(Hobbiton是PeterJackson根據(jù)J.R.R.Tolkien的《指環(huán)王》三部曲改編的電影，在該系列第一部上映后不久就吸引了好奇的粉絲。隨著時(shí)間的推移，這個(gè)最初用于舉辦為期三個(gè)月的電影拍攝的臨時(shí)地點(diǎn)已經(jīng)演變成一個(gè)托爾金式的主題公園，每年有超過35萬(wàn)游客。)”可知，如果你是J.R.R.Tolkien的忠實(shí)粉絲，你應(yīng)該去Hobbiton，故選C。2.【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Mars(TheMartian)部分的“Withtheimpressive“vastandechoingandGod-like”landscape,itservedasthebackgroundofMattDamon’s18-monthstayontheredplanetinTheMartian.(在《火星救援》中，馬特·達(dá)蒙在火星上停留了18個(gè)月，這里有著令人印象深刻的“遼闊、回聲回蕩、像上帝一樣”的景觀。)”和JurassicPark部分的“KauaiprovidestheroughcoastlineandsomeofthemostbreathtakingfeaturesofthefictionalIslaNublar,whiletherollinghillsofOahu’sKualoaRanchfunctionasthebackgroundoftheGallimimusstampede(逃亡).(Kauai提供了崎嶇的海岸線和虛構(gòu)的IslaNublar的一些最令人驚嘆的特征，而Oahu的KualoaRanch的起伏的山丘則是Gallimimus大逃亡的背景。)”可知，Mars和JurassicPark的拍攝地的共同之處是它們展示了壯麗的景色。故選B。3.【答案】A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)King’sLanding部分的“Thecity’s16th-centuryfortresswallsoverlookBlackwaterBay,whiletheparks,avenues,andalleysoftheoldcityhavewitnessedthetriumphsandtragediesofHouseLannister.(這座城市16世紀(jì)的堡壘城墻俯瞰著黑水灣，而老城的公園、大道和小巷見證了Lannister家族的勝利和悲劇。)”可知，游客在King’sLanding可以看看古老的堡壘城墻。故選A。BWhenhewentoutsideduringthebreak,JohnBuettnerwoulddreamoflearningthemonkey-bars.Heusesawheelchair,sotheyaren’taccessibletohim—infact,mostoftheplaygroundatGlenLakeElementarySchoolisn’t.BetsyJulienwouldlookoutatthestudentsintheirwheelchairs,andthought,“Ourplaygroundisnotsetupforeverybodyintheschooltoplayandhavefun.”Now,thankstothisteacherandherstudents,thatdreamisabouttocometrueinabiggerway.Lastfall,Julienandafewofhercolleaguesappliedfor,andwon,agrantforanaccessibleswingandmerry-go-round.Thegrantfell$35,000shortoftheamounttheschoolneeded,soJulienaskedherclasstohelpraisetherest.Herstudentsjumpedattheidea,andtookitastepfurther.“Whycan’twemakethewholeplaygroundaccessible?”saidHadleyMangan.Theybrainstormedideasonhowtoraisemoney:door-knocking,partneringwithrestaurants,handingoutflyers,andevencold-callinglocalbusinesses.Theygottoworkandreachedtheirgoalinamatterofweeks.Now,theyaimtoraise$1millionsotheycancompletelytransformtheirplayground.Lastweek,Julienloadedthestudentsforafieldtriptoseehowtheequipmentisbuiltandevengottocolorinablueprintoftheplaygrounddesign.Buettnersaidhecouldhardlybelievehowquicklyanideaturnedintoreality.“AllofthisequipmentisbigenoughformyfriendsandItoplayon.Ijustfeelsomesenseofcapability.”Julienspeaksthroughtears,too,whenreflectingontheprojectandthetransformation.“Anythingweraisebeyondourgoalwillgotowardsaccessibleequipmentatneighboringschools.Ihopethattheworldisacceptingandinclusiveforeverychild.”4. What’stheproblemwiththeschoolplayground? A.Littleplayingspace. B.Limitedaccessibility. C.Poorconstructionfunding. D.Narrowwheelchairpassage.5. Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“astepfurther”referto? A.Donatingmoremoney. B.Achievingoriginalgoals. C.Askingmorepeopleforhelp. D.Transformingthewholeplayground.6. WhatcanweinferfromBuettner’swords? A.Heengagesmoreindonation. B.Hehasmorefaithinhimself. C.Hebecomesanexpertinsports. D.Hegetsmoreinvolvedincontests.7. WhatcanwelearnfromJulien’sstory? A.Hardworkmatters. B.Kindnessbearsfruits. C.Goodideaswinfavor. D.Trustpromotesfriendship.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了JohnBuettner的老師和同學(xué)為了能讓殘疾的他和其他殘疾學(xué)生在學(xué)校操場(chǎng)上玩耍，發(fā)起了籌款活動(dòng)，最終成功改造了操場(chǎng)。4.【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Heusesawheelchair,sotheyaren’taccessibletohim—infact,mostoftheplaygroundatGlenLakeElementarySchoolisn’t.(他使用輪椅，所以輪椅對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)并不方便——事實(shí)上，格倫湖小學(xué)的大部分操場(chǎng)都不方便。)”可知，學(xué)校操場(chǎng)的問題是對(duì)于使用輪椅的人來(lái)說(shuō)并不方便，即無(wú)障礙環(huán)境有限，故選B。5.【答案】D【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線短語(yǔ)上文“soJulienaskedherclasstohelpraisetherest.(所以朱利安讓她的學(xué)生幫忙籌集剩下的錢。)”和下文““Whycan’twemakethewholeplaygroundaccessible?”saidHadleyMangan.(“為什么我們不能讓整個(gè)操場(chǎng)都變得方便呢？”哈德利·曼根說(shuō)。)”可知，Julien讓她的學(xué)生幫忙籌集剩下的錢，她的學(xué)生欣然接受了，并決定籌集錢把整個(gè)操場(chǎng)改造一下，弄得更方便，由此可推知，“astepfurther”指的是改造整個(gè)操場(chǎng)，故選D。6.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中Buettner所說(shuō)的話“Ijustfeelsomesenseofcapability(我只是覺得自己有能力)”可推知，Buettner對(duì)自己更加有信心，故選B。7.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“Whenhewentoutsideduringthebreak,JohnBuettnerwoulddreamoflearningthemonkey-bars.Heusesawheelchair,sotheyaren’taccessibletohim—infact,mostoftheplaygroundatGlenLakeElementarySchoolisn’t.(課間休息時(shí)，約翰·比特納出去玩時(shí)，總是夢(mèng)想著學(xué)習(xí)單杠。他使用輪椅，所以輪椅對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)并不方便——事實(shí)上，格倫湖小學(xué)的大部分操場(chǎng)都不方便。)”和第二段中“Now,thankstothisteacherandherstudents,thatdreamisabouttocometrueinabiggerway.(現(xiàn)在，多虧了這位老師和她的學(xué)生，這個(gè)夢(mèng)想即將以更大的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)。)”可知，文章主要講述了JohnBuettner的老師和同學(xué)為了能讓殘疾的他和其他殘疾學(xué)生在學(xué)校操場(chǎng)上玩耍，發(fā)起了籌款活動(dòng)，最終成功改造了操場(chǎng)。由此可推知，從這個(gè)故事中可以得知，善良會(huì)結(jié)出果實(shí)。故選B。CAnimalscanadaptquicklytosurviveunfavorableenvironmentalconditions.Evidenceismountingtoshowthatplantscan,too.ApaperpublishedinthejournalTrendsinPlantSciencedetailshowplantsarerapidlyadaptingtotheeffectsofclimatechange,andhowtheyarepassingdowntheseadaptationstotheiroffspring(后代).Plantsarefacingmoreenvironmentalstressesthanever.Forexample,climatechangeismakingwintersshorterinmanylocations,andplantsareresponding.“Manyplantsrequireaminimumperiodofcoldinordertosetuptheirenvironmentalclocktodefinetheirfloweringtime,”saysMartinelli,aplantgeneticistattheUniversityofFlorence.“Ascoldseasonsshorten,plantshaveadaptedtorequireshorterperiodsofcoldtodelayflowering.Thesemechanismsallowplantstoavoidfloweringinperiodswhentheyhavefeweropportunitiestoreproduce.”Becauseplantsdon’thaveneural(神經(jīng)的)networks,theirmemoryisbasedentirelyoncellular(細(xì)胞的),molecular(分子的),andbiochemicalnetworks.Thesenetworksmakeupwhattheresearcherscallsomaticmemory(體細(xì)胞記憶).“Itallowsplantstorecognizetheoccurrenceofapreviousenvironmentalconditionandtoreactaccordingly,”saysMartinelli.Thesesomaticmemoriescanthenbepassedtotheplants’offspringviaepigenetics(表現(xiàn)遺傳).“Severalexamplesdemonstratetheexistenceofmolecularmechanismsmodulatingplantmemorytoenvironmentalstressesandaffectingtheadaptationofoffspringtothesestresses,”saysMartinelli.Goingforward,Martinellihopestounderstandevenmoreaboutthegenesthatarebeingpasseddown.“WeareparticularlyinterestedindecodingtheepigeneticalphabetwithoutchangesinDNAsequence(序列),”hesays.“Thisisespeciallyimportantwhenweconsidertherapidclimatechange,weobservetodaythateverylivingorganism,includingplants,needstoquicklyadapttosurvive.”8. Whatadaptationshaveplantsmadetoshortenedcoldseasons? A.Theyhaveshortenedtheirfloweringtime. B.Theyhavegotmorechancestoreproduce. C.Theyhaveavoidedfloweringincoldseasons. D.Theyhaveadjustedtheirenvironmentalclock.9. Whatcanwelearnaboutsomaticmemory? A.Itisentirelybasedonneuralnetworks. B.Itcanhelptheplants’offspringtosurvive. C.Itcanhelprelieveenvironmentalstresses. D.Itdisturbstheplants’biochemicalnetworks.10. Whatdoestheunderlinedword“modulating”meaninparagraph4? A.Adjusting. B.Treasuring. C.Recording. D.Sharing.11. Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext? A.Plantsaresmartaboutfloweringtime B.Plantscanalsoadapttoclimatechange C.Environmentalstresseschallengeplants D.Mysteriesofplantgenesaretobeunfolded【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要講述的是植物像動(dòng)物一樣，可以迅速地適應(yīng)不利的條件，同時(shí)分析了植物能快速適應(yīng)不利條件，并將這些適應(yīng)傳遞給下一代的原因。8.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Forexample,climatechangeismakingwintersshorterinmanylocations,andplantsareresponding.“Manyplantsrequireaminimumperiodofcoldinordertosetuptheirenvironmentalclocktodefinetheirfloweringtime,”…(例如，氣候變化使許多地方的冬季縮短，植物正在做出反應(yīng)?！霸S多植物需要最短的寒冷時(shí)間，以便設(shè)置環(huán)境時(shí)鐘來(lái)定義它們的開花時(shí)間，”……)”可知，為了適應(yīng)縮短的寒冷季節(jié)，植物會(huì)設(shè)置環(huán)境時(shí)鐘來(lái)定義開花時(shí)間。故選D項(xiàng)。9.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段首句“Thesesomaticmemoriescanthenbepassedtotheplants’offspringviaepigenetics(表現(xiàn)遺傳).(然后，這些體細(xì)胞記憶可以通過表觀遺傳學(xué)傳遞給植物的后代?！笨芍@些體細(xì)胞記憶通過表現(xiàn)遺傳學(xué)傳給下一代，由此可以判斷，體細(xì)胞記憶可以幫助下一代生存下來(lái)。故選B項(xiàng)。10.【答案】A【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Ascoldseasonsshorten,plantshaveadaptedtorequireshorterperiodsofcoldtodelayflowering.Thesemechanismsallowplantstoavoidfloweringinperiodswhentheyhavefeweropportunitiestoreproduce.(隨著寒冷季節(jié)的縮短，植物已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了需要較短的寒冷時(shí)間來(lái)延遲開花。這些機(jī)制允許植物避免在繁殖機(jī)會(huì)較少的時(shí)期開花。)”可知，這些機(jī)制使植物能夠調(diào)整自己在繁殖機(jī)會(huì)少的時(shí)期避免開花，這是植物調(diào)整適應(yīng)環(huán)境變化的結(jié)果，劃線單詞所在的“Severalexamplesdemonstratetheexistenceofmolecularmechanismsmodulatingplantmemorytoenvironmentalstressesandaffectingtheadaptationofoffspringtothesestresses(幾個(gè)例子表明，存在調(diào)節(jié)植物記憶對(duì)環(huán)境脅迫并影響后代對(duì)這些脅迫的適應(yīng)的分子機(jī)制。)”談?wù)摰氖怯袔追N個(gè)例子表明存在這樣的“分子機(jī)制”調(diào)節(jié)植物記憶來(lái)適應(yīng)環(huán)境的變化，與第二段闡述的與“這些機(jī)制”允許植物調(diào)節(jié)花期適應(yīng)環(huán)境的內(nèi)容相當(dāng)，故該單詞意為“調(diào)節(jié)”。故選A項(xiàng)。11.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)首段中的“Animalscanadaptquicklytosurviveunfavorableenvironmentalconditions.Evidenceismountingtoshowthatplantscan,too.(動(dòng)物可以快速適應(yīng)，以在不利的環(huán)境條件下生存。越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明，植物也可以。)”并結(jié)合下文圍繞該話題舉例說(shuō)明和分析植物能快速適應(yīng)不利條件的原因可知，本文主要是陳述植物和動(dòng)物一樣能快速適應(yīng)不利條件。故選B項(xiàng)。DHaveyouevertakenapersonalitytestandfoundtheresultstobescarilyaccurate,checkedyourhoroscope(星象學(xué))andhadeverythingcometrueortakenanonlinequizthattoldyoupreciselywhatyourfavoriteDisneyprincessmeansaboutyou?Well,wecertainlyhavedonesotoomanytimes,sowedecidedtodoalittleinvestigationintohowInternet-quizzes,magazinesandhoroscopebooksseemtoknowussowell.Wediscoveredthatwe’veallbeenfallingvictimtotheBarnumeffect.TheBarnumEffectisthephenomenonthatoccurswhenindividualsbelievethatpersonalitydescriptionsapplyspecificallytothem,despitethefactthatthedescriptionisactuallyfilledwithinformationthatappliestoeveryone.ItwasnamedafterP.T.Barnum,afamous19thcenturyshowman,whowouldfamouslysay,“There’safoolborneveryminute.”Indeed,Barnumprovedtoberight,aspseudoscience(偽科學(xué))—suchasastrologyandpersonalitytests—remainspopulartothisday.TheBamumeffectexplainswhyextremelygeneralstatements,suchastheresultsofyourpersonalitytest,seemsospecifictoyou.Don’tbelieveus?Well,latepsychologyprofessorBertramForerofferedsomeproof.Inahistoricstudy,Forerconductedapersonalitytesttohisstudents.Forercopiedstatementssuchas“Youhaveagreatneedforotherpeopletolikeandadmireyou.”and“Youhaveatendencytobecriticalofyourself.”fromthenewspaper’shoroscopecolumnandgaveatesttoeverystudent.Foreraskedhisstudentstoratetheaccuracyofthetestfromonetofive,with“one”beingtheleastaccurateand“five”beingthemostaccurate.Theaverageratingwas4.26.TheuniversallyhighratingsfromstudentsonthepersonalitytestsupportedtheBarnumeffect.Oneofthemostimportantfactorswhenreproducingthisstudyistokeepthestatementsasvagueaspossible,withamixofmostlypositiveandsomenegativecontent.Forexample,usingthephrase“attimes”makesforapowerfulBarnumEffect.See“Attimesyouareoutgoingandsociable,whileatothertimesyouareshyandreserved”whowouldnotagreewiththatstatement?So,keepinmindthatwearenotimmunetotheBarnumeffect.Takeeverythingyouhearwithseveralgrainsofsalt.12. WhatisthepurposeofParagraph2? A.Topresentacontroversialopinion. B.Toprovideanexampleofanidea. C.Toofferasolutiontoaproblem. D.Todefinethemeaningofaterm.13. WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout? A.PotentialapplicationoftheBarnumeffect. B.FurtherexplanationoftheBarnumeffect. C.SupportingevidencefortheBarnumeffect. D.Areasonabledoubtoftheresearchprocess.14. Whydosomanypeoplebelievethestatementsinhoroscopeandpersonalitytests? A.Theyaresospecific. B.Theyareambiguous. C.Theyarepositive. D.Theyarebelievable.15. Howisthepassageorganized? A.Phenomenon—solution. B.Cause—effect. C.Problem—analysis. D.Claim—counterclaim.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章提出了“很多人相信占卜和性格測(cè)試等”這一現(xiàn)象并分析了其原因。12.【答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Wediscoveredthatwe’veallbeenfallingvictimtotheBarnumeffect.TheBarnumEffectisthephenomenonthatoccurswhenindividualsbelievethatpersonalitydescriptionsapplyspecificallytothem,despitethefactthatthedescriptionisactuallyfilledwithinformationthatappliestoeveryone.ItwasnamedafterP.T.Barnum,afamous19thcenturyshowman,whowouldfamouslysay,“There’safoolborneveryminute.”(我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們都成了巴納姆效應(yīng)的受害者。巴納姆效應(yīng)是一種現(xiàn)象，當(dāng)人們認(rèn)為性格描述只適用于他們時(shí)，盡管事實(shí)上這些描述中充滿了適用于所有人的信息。它是以19世紀(jì)著名的表演家P.T.巴納姆的名字命名的，他有句名言：“每分鐘都有一個(gè)傻瓜出生。”)”可知，文章第二段主要解釋了巴納姆效應(yīng)的概念。由此推知，第二段的目的是給“巴納姆效應(yīng)”這一專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)下定義。故選D項(xiàng)。13.【答案】C【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“Don’tbelieveus?Well,latepsychologyprofessorBertramForerofferedsomeproof.(不相信我們？嗯，已故的心理學(xué)教授BertramForer提供了一些證據(jù))”和第四段“Inahistoricstudy,Forerconductedapersonalitytesttohisstudents.Forercopiedstatementssuchas“Youhaveagreatneedforotherpeopletolikeandadmireyou.”and“Youhaveatendencytobecriticalofyourself.”fromthenewspaper’shoroscopecolumnandgaveatesttoeverystudent.Foreraskedhisstudentstoratetheaccuracyofthetestfromonetofive,with“one”beingtheleastaccurateand“five”beingthemostaccurate.Theaverageratingwas4.26.TheuniversallyhighratingsfromstudentsonthepersonalitytestsupportedtheBarnumeffect.(在一項(xiàng)歷史研究中，弗萊爾對(duì)他的學(xué)生進(jìn)行了性格測(cè)試。永遠(yuǎn)復(fù)制這樣的話：“你非常需要?jiǎng)e人喜歡和欽佩你?！焙汀澳阌刑籼拮约旱膬A向”，然后給每個(gè)學(xué)生做了一個(gè)測(cè)試，讓他的學(xué)生給測(cè)試的準(zhǔn)確性打分，從1到5，“1”是最不準(zhǔn)確的，“5”是最準(zhǔn)確的。平均評(píng)分為4.26分。學(xué)生們?cè)谛愿駵y(cè)試中普遍獲得的高分支持了巴納姆效應(yīng))”可知，文章第四段通過Forer對(duì)學(xué)生的性格測(cè)試，為巴納姆效應(yīng)提供論據(jù)。故選C項(xiàng)。14.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Wediscoveredthatwe’veallbeenfallingvictimtotheBarnumeffect.TheBarnumEffectisthephenomenonthatoccurswhenindividualsbelievethatpersonalitydescriptionsapplyspecificallytothem,despitethefactthatthedescriptionisactuallyfilledwithinformationthatappliestoeveryone.(我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們都成了巴納姆效應(yīng)的受害者。巴納姆效應(yīng)是一種現(xiàn)象，當(dāng)人們認(rèn)為性格描述只適用于他們時(shí)，盡管事實(shí)上這些描述中充滿了適用于所有人的信息)”以及倒數(shù)第二段“Oneofthemostimportantfactorswhenreproducingthisstudyistokeepthestatementsasvagueaspossible,withamixofmostlypositiveandsomenegativecontent.(在復(fù)制這項(xiàng)研究時(shí)，最重要的因素之一是讓陳述盡可能模糊，主要是積極的內(nèi)容和一些消極的內(nèi)容)”可推知，很多人相信占卜和性格描述，是因?yàn)檫@些描述中充滿了適用于所有人的信息，也就是說(shuō)這些描述其實(shí)是很模棱兩可的。故選B項(xiàng)。15.【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。閱讀文章可知，文章第一段“Haveyouevertakenapersonalitytestandfoundtheresultstobescarilyaccurate,checkedyourhoroscopeandhadeverythingcometrueortakenanonlinequizthattoldyoupreciselywhatyourfavoriteDisneyprincessmeansaboutyou?Well,wecertainlyhavedonesotoomanytimes,sowedecidedtodoalittleinvestigationintohowInternet-quizzes,magazinesandhoroscopebooksseemtoknowussowell.(你是否曾經(jīng)做過性格測(cè)試，發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)果非常準(zhǔn)確？你是否曾經(jīng)檢查過你的星座，一切都成真了？你是否曾經(jīng)做過一個(gè)在線測(cè)驗(yàn)，告訴你你最喜歡的迪士尼公主對(duì)你意味著什么？好吧，我們已經(jīng)這么做過太多次了，所以我們決定做一個(gè)小調(diào)查，看看網(wǎng)絡(luò)測(cè)驗(yàn)、雜志和占星書是如何如此了解我們的。)”提出了“很多人相信占卜和性格測(cè)試等”這一現(xiàn)象，而后面幾個(gè)段落都在分析其原因。由此可知，本文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)為“現(xiàn)象——分析”。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Healthandfitnesshelpapersonliveagoodandhealthylife.Oftenduetovariouspressures,wetendtoignoreourhealth.1Itisthefitnesslevelofourbodythathelpsusfightthesediseases.2Weneedtobefittohaveahealthybody.Similarly,ifwearehealthyweshallnaturallybeattractedtowardsmaintainingthefitnessofourbody.Healthisthestateofourbodyatagiventime.Wemaynothaveanydiseasebutstillhaveaweakbody,whichisreadytobetargetedbyviruses.3Thisdoesnotdefinitelymeanthatwearenothealthy.Itmeansthefitnesslevelisnotinaccordancewithourageandtheclimaticconditionswelivein.Itisimportantforeveryonetodevotesometimetohealthandfitness.4Forinstance,wemustexercisedailyregardlessofourageandworkingstyle.Therearedifferentlevelsofexercisesfordifferentagegroupsandwemustdothemaccordingtoourownhealthandage.Additionally,itisimportanttorelaxourbody.Weshouldhaveatleastsixtoeighthoursofsleepeveryday.Ithelpsinimprovingourimmune(免疫)systemandprotectsusagainstdiseases.5This,inturn,givesusnewgoalsofhealthandfitness. A.Fitnesslevelsdecidethequalityoflife. B.Healthandfitnessareinterrelatedtoeachother. C.Italsohelpsinkeepinguscalmandrelaxesourmind. D.Forinstance,wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily. E.Ifwekeepourbodyfit,wecanenjoylifeinabettermanner. F.Therearesomeactivitieswhicheveryoneshoulddoinourlife. G.Thismakesourbodysufferandwewillcatchotherdiseases.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講的是健康和健身之間密不可分的關(guān)系以及我們應(yīng)該通過哪些健身的方式來(lái)讓自己有一個(gè)健康的身體。1.【答案】G【解析】根據(jù)空前“Healthandfitnesshelpapersonliveagoodandhealthylife.Oftenduetovariouspressures,wetendtoignoreourhealth.(健康和健身幫助一個(gè)人過上良好和健康的生活。由于各種各樣的壓力，我們往往會(huì)忽視自己的健康。)”可知因?yàn)楦鞣N壓力，我們的健康容易被忽視，根據(jù)空后“Itisthefitnesslevelofourbodythathelpsusfightthesediseases.(正是我們身體的健康水平幫助我們對(duì)抗這些疾病。)”可知身體的健康可以讓我們應(yīng)對(duì)各種疾病，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)該講忽視健康對(duì)我們的身體及生活的影響。G項(xiàng)“Thismakesourbodysufferandwewillcatchotherdiseases.(這使我們的身體遭受痛苦，而且我們會(huì)感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G項(xiàng)中的otherdiseases與空后的thesediseases相互照應(yīng)，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)。2.【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)空后“Weneedtobefittohaveahealthybody.Similarly,ifwearehealthyweshallnaturallybeattractedtowardsmaintainingthefitnessofourbody.(為了擁有一個(gè)健康的身體我們需要健康。同樣，如果我們是健康的，我們自然會(huì)被保持健康的身體所吸引。)”可知健康的身體與健身是密不可分的，空處位于句首，應(yīng)是本段的主旨句，B項(xiàng)“Healthandfitnessareinterrelatedtoeachother.(健康和健身是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。)”概括全段的主要內(nèi)容，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。3.【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)空前“Healthisthestateofourbodyatagiventime.Wemaynothaveanydiseasebutstillhaveaweakbody,whichisreadytobetargetedbyviruses.(健康是在特定時(shí)間內(nèi)我們身體的狀態(tài)。我們可能沒有任何疾病，但身體仍然虛弱，隨時(shí)會(huì)被病毒攻擊。)”可知我們的身體雖然沒有生病，但也很虛弱，隨時(shí)會(huì)生病，根據(jù)空后“Thisdoesnotdefinitelymeanthatwearenothealthy.(這并不一定意味著我們不健康。)”可知生病并不一定表明我們是不健康的?？仗幊猩蠁⑾?，所以空處應(yīng)該舉例說(shuō)明我們的身體在虛弱的情況下會(huì)生病這樣一種狀況，D項(xiàng)“Forinstance,wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily.(例如，我們可能很容易感冒。)”舉例說(shuō)明我們的身體會(huì)在虛弱的情況下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D項(xiàng)的wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily這種情況，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。4.【答案】F【解析】根據(jù)空前“Itisimportantforeveryonetodevotesometimetohealthandfitness.(對(duì)每個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)，花些時(shí)間在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我們應(yīng)該花時(shí)間去健身，根據(jù)空后“Forinstance,wemustexercisedailyregardlessofourageandworkingstyle.(例如，我們必須每天鍛煉，不管我們的年齡和工作方式。)”可知我們應(yīng)該每天堅(jiān)持鍛煉，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)該講的是我們應(yīng)該通過哪些活動(dòng)來(lái)進(jìn)行鍛煉，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Therearesomeactivitieswhicheveryoneshoulddoinourlife.(在我們的生活中有一些活動(dòng)是每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)。5.【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)空前“Weshouldhaveatleastsixtoeighthoursofsleepeveryday.Ithelpsinimprovingourimmune(免疫)systemandprotectsusagainstdiseases.(我們每天至少應(yīng)該有6到8個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠。它有助于改善我們的免疫系統(tǒng)，保護(hù)我們抵抗疾病。)”可知我們應(yīng)該保障充足的睡眠，根據(jù)空后“This,inturn,givesusnewgoalsofhealthandfitness.(這反過來(lái)又給了我們健康和健身的新目標(biāo)。)”可知充足的睡眠會(huì)對(duì)我們的健康和健身目標(biāo)很有好處，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)該繼續(xù)講充足的睡眠的好處，C項(xiàng)“Italsohelpsinkeepinguscalmandrelaxesourmind.(它也幫助我們保持冷靜和放松我們的大腦。)”進(jìn)一步講了充足的睡眠對(duì)于我們的好處，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。IwassittinginachemistryclasswhenIandsixotherkidswerecalleddowntothecounselor’soffice.Itwasprettystrangebecausenoneofuswere“1”students.Weall2whatshewantedtosay.Thiswaswhenshetoldusshewouldbechoosing3ofustobenominatedforthelargest4inCanada.IneverrealizedIwasthat5.Shesaid,sinceweallhada(n)6highaverage,shewouldtalktoourteacherstoseewhomost7it.Aweeklater,Igotanemailfromthecounselor.Itwas8tomeandanotherstudentatthemeeting.Iwasshocked;thismusthave9wewerethetwopeopleshewouldbechoosingfrom.Wewererequiredtowriteaboutwherewe10ourselvesintenyears.IknewIhadtomakethiscount.Ispokefromtheheart,describingmy11life:livinginthebigcity,havingfinishedmydegree,doingwhatIlovedeveryday.Aboutanotherweeklater,Igotcalledbacktoheroffice,onlyme.Ididn’twanttobeoverexcitedbecausemaybeshewasbeing12,tellingmeIwasn’tchosen.ShetoldmeIwastheonepicked.Nobodycouldhave13mysmile,whatamoment!Shetoldmeaboutallthe14thingsmyteacherssaidaboutme;IneverrealizedIwasheldinsuchhigh-regardtothem.Over350,000studentsgraduatefromhighschooleveryyearandIwasoneoftheonly1,500kidsnominatedforthisscholarshipacrossallofCanada.15,Ididn’twininthelastroundbutI’dstillliketothankeveryonewhohelpedmegettowhereIamtoday.1. A.problem B.intelligent C.talented D.normal2. A.reflected B.hoped C.wondered D.ensured3. A.both B.one C.all D.none4. A.ceremony B.business C.group D.scholarship5. A.honest B.popular C.excellent D.eager6. A.different B.similar C.strong D.accurate7. A.deserved B.consulted C.declared D.performed8. A.attached B.carried C.returned D.addressed9. A.meant B.predicted C.allowed D.demanded10. A.see B.behave C.enjoy D.suit11. A.busy B.perfect C.reasonable D.wild12. A.ashamed B.patient C.personal D.fair13. A.torndown B.keptup C.broughtabout D.heldback14. A.awkward B.important C.negative D.beautiful15. A.Naturally B.Luckily C.Unfortunately D.Strangely【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者獲得加拿大最大的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金提名的過程。雖然最后一輪失敗了，但作者仍然感恩所有給予自己幫助的人。1.【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這很奇怪，因?yàn)槲覀兌疾皇恰皢栴}”學(xué)生。A.problem成問題的；B.intelligent有智慧的；C.talented有天賦的；D.normal正常的。根據(jù)前文“Itwasprettystrangebecausenoneofuswere”可知，因?yàn)槲覀兌疾皇菗v蛋的學(xué)生，所以被叫到輔導(dǎo)員辦公室很奇怪。故選A項(xiàng)。2.【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們都想知道她會(huì)說(shuō)什么。A.reflected反思；B.hoped希望；C.wondered想知道；D.ensured確保。根據(jù)前文“Itwasprettystrange”可知，我們很好奇她會(huì)說(shuō)什么。故選C項(xiàng)。3.【答案】B【解析】考查不定代詞辨析。句意：就在那時(shí)，她告訴我們，她將從我們當(dāng)中挑選一個(gè)人提名加拿大最大的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。A.both兩者都；B.one一個(gè)；C.all三者及以上的所有；D.none一個(gè)沒有。根據(jù)前文“Iandsixotherkidswerecalleddowntothecounselor’soffice”及后文“seewhomost7it”可知，我們當(dāng)中有一個(gè)人可以獲得提名加拿大最大的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的資格。故選B項(xiàng)。4.【答案】D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就在那時(shí)，她告訴我們，她將從我們當(dāng)中挑選一個(gè)人提名加拿大最大的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。A.ceremony典禮；B.business商業(yè)；C.group群體；D.scholarship獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。根據(jù)后文“thisscholarship”可知，我們當(dāng)中有一個(gè)人可以獲得提名加拿大最大的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的資格。故選D項(xiàng)。5.【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我從沒意識(shí)到我有那么優(yōu)秀。A.honest誠(chéng)實(shí)的；B.popular流行的；C.excellent優(yōu)秀的；D.eager渴望的。根據(jù)前文“choosing3ofustobenominatedforthelargest4inCanada”可知，我有獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的機(jī)會(huì)說(shuō)明自己很優(yōu)秀。故選C項(xiàng)。6.【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她說(shuō)，因?yàn)槲覀兊钠骄煽?jī)都差不多，所以她會(huì)和我們的老師談?wù)劊纯凑l(shuí)最應(yīng)該得到這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)。A.different不同的；B.similar相似的；C.strong堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的；D.accurate精確的。根據(jù)后文“shewouldtalktoourteacherstoseewhomost7it”可知，因?yàn)槲覀兊某煽?jī)差不多，所以老師才會(huì)評(píng)估其他方面。故選B項(xiàng)。7.【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她說(shuō)，因?yàn)槲覀兊钠骄煽?jī)都差不多，所以她會(huì)和我們的老師談?wù)?，看看誰(shuí)最應(yīng)該得到這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)。A.deserved值得；B.consulted咨詢；C.declared宣稱；D.performed表演。根據(jù)前文“shewouldtalktoourteacherstosee”可知，她想根據(jù)我們老師的看法選出最值得獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的人。故選A項(xiàng)。8.【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：它是寫給我和另一個(gè)參加會(huì)議的學(xué)生的。A.attached依附；B.carried攜帶；C.returned返回；D.addressed在（信封、包裹等）上寫姓名和地址。根據(jù)前文“Igotanemailfromthecounselor”可知，郵件的收信人是我和另一個(gè)同學(xué)。故選D項(xiàng)。9.【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我很震驚，這一定意味著她會(huì)從我們兩個(gè)人中做選擇。A.meant意味著；B.predicted預(yù)測(cè)；C.allowed允許；D.demanded要求。根據(jù)后文“wewerethetwopeopleshewouldbechoosingfrom”可知，我認(rèn)為只有我們兩人收到郵件就意味著要從我們當(dāng)中選擇。故選A項(xiàng)。10.【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們被要求寫下我們對(duì)十年后自己的看法。A.see看待，考慮，認(rèn)識(shí)；B.behave行為；C.enjoy享受；D.suit適合。根據(jù)后文“Ispokefromtheheart,describingmy10life”可知，我們被要求寫下自己對(duì)十年后的暢想，如何看待十年后的自己。故選A項(xiàng)。11.【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我發(fā)自內(nèi)心地描述了我完美的生活：住在大城市，完成了我的學(xué)位，每天做著我喜歡的事情。A.busy繁忙的；B.perfect完美的；C.reasonable合理的；D.wild野外的。根據(jù)后文“l(fā)ivinginthebigcity,havingfinishedmydegree,doingwhatIlovedeveryday”可知，我描述了我想象中的完美的生活。故選B項(xiàng)。12.【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我不想太興奮，因?yàn)橐苍S她是在針對(duì)我，告訴我我沒有被選中。A.ashamed羞恥的；B.patient耐心的；C.personal針對(duì)個(gè)人的；D.fair公平的。根據(jù)前文“Ididn’twanttobeoverexcitedbecausemaybe”及后文“tellingmeIwasn’tchosen”可知，在事情沒有定論之前，我不想過分激動(dòng)，猜測(cè)她叫我可能是因?yàn)樗室忉槍?duì)我，告訴我我沒有被選中。故選C項(xiàng)。13.【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：沒有人能阻擋我的笑容，多么美妙的一刻！A.torndown扯下；B.keptup保持；C.broughtabout引起；D.heldback阻止。根據(jù)前文“Iwastheonepicked”可知，我被選中，非常激動(dòng)，流露出無(wú)法抑制的笑容。故選D項(xiàng)。14.【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她告訴我老師們對(duì)我的評(píng)價(jià)都很高。A.awkward尷尬的；B.important重要的；C.negative消極的；D.beautiful美好的。根據(jù)后文“Iwasheldinsuchhigh-regardtothem”可知，我給老師們留下的印象很好，他們對(duì)我的評(píng)價(jià)很高。故選D項(xiàng)。15.【答案】C【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：不幸的是，我沒有在最后一輪獲勝，但我仍然想感謝每一個(gè)幫助我走到今天的人。A.Naturally自然地；B.Luckily幸運(yùn)地；C.Unfortunately不幸的是；D.Strangely奇怪地。根據(jù)后文“Ididn’twininthelast