【英語】高一英語閱讀理解解題技巧及練習(xí)題含解析一、高中英語閱讀理解1．閱讀理解

Off-Peakfaresarecheaperticketsfortravelingontrainsthatarelessbusy,offeringgoodvalueformoney.Theticketsmayrequireyoutotravelatspecifictimesofday,daysoftheweekoronaspecificroute.WherethereismorethanoneOff-Peakfareforajourney,thecheaperfareiscalledSuperOff-Peak.

YoucanbuyOff-Peakticketsanytimebeforeyoutravel,eitheronlineoratalocalstation.ThetravelrestrictionsforyourOff-Peakticketwilldependonthejourneyyouaremaking.Theticketsmustbeusedonthedateshownontheticket.ForOff-Peakreturntickets,relatedjourneysmustbemadeonthedateshownonyourticketaswell.

Childrenagedfivetofifteengeta50%discountforallOff-Peakfares.Upto2childrenunder5yearscantravelfreewitheachfarepayingadult.Railcardholdersget1/3offallStandardClassOff-Peakfares.Senior,anddisabledRailcardholdersalsogetI/3offallFirstClassOffPeakfares.PleasenotethatminimumfaresandtimerestrictionsmayapplytoticketsboughtwithaRailcard.

Ifyouplanonatraintripwithfriendsoryourfamily,youmaygetgrouptraveldiscounts.Threeorfourcantravelforthepriceofjusttwoadults—leavingeveryonemoremoneytospendonthedayout!IfyouaretravelinginagroupoftenormoreatOff-Peaktimes,youmaybeabletoobtainafurtherdiscountthroughthetraincompanyyouaretravelingwith.Contactthetraincompanydirectlyandbeawarethatyoumayneedtobookticketsinadvance.

Formoreinformation,pleasevisitwww.nationalrail.co.uk（1）AnOff-Peakticketdiffersfromotherticketsin

.A.

itsgoodvalueformoney

B.

itsconvenienceC.

thespecifictrains

D.

travelschedules（2）ApartfromtheOff-Peakfares,youmayalsosavemoneyby

.A.

becomingaVIP

B.

travelingatrushtimeC.

buyingticketsonline

D.

gettinggrouptraveldiscounts（3）Whattypeofwritingisthistext?A.

Anannouncement.

B.

Aticketbookingguide.C.

Abusinessreport.

D.

Atravelreview.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇訂票指南，介紹如何能訂到更便宜的火車票。（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Off-Peakfaresarecheaperticketsfortravelingontrainsthatarelessbusy,offeringgoodvalueformoney.可知，非高峰期車票與其他門票相比便宜，花的值。故答案選A。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句Ifyouplanonatraintripwithfriendsoryourfamily,youmaygetgrouptraveldiscounts.可知，你也可以通過獲得團體旅行折扣來節(jié)約錢。故答案選D。（3）主旨大意題?？v觀全文，特別是第一段第一句Off-Peakfaresarecheaperticketsfortravelingontrainsthatarelessbusy,offeringgoodvalueformoney.第二段第一句.YoucanbuyOff-Peakticketsanytimebeforeyoutravel,eitheronlineoratalocalstation.和最后一段第一句Ifyouplanonatraintripwithfriendsoryourfamily,youmaygetgrouptraveldiscounts.可知本文是一篇機票預(yù)訂指南。故答案選B?！军c評】英語閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)題具體方法與步驟：①排除干擾項，突出主題。事實細(xì)節(jié)題的設(shè)計干擾項一般都是某一細(xì)節(jié)的錯誤敘述與論斷，可先排除干擾項。②按文章的體裁，作者寫作的組織模式及有關(guān)的信息詞，如forexample，first，second…等預(yù)測應(yīng)該到何處尋找自己所需要的事實。③快速通篇跳讀，自左至右，自上而下呈Z形掃視，直到找到細(xì)節(jié)出處，待找到含細(xì)節(jié)句子時，放慢速度，仔細(xì)核對比較內(nèi)容，直至找到答案。④注意識別指代詞語。為避免重復(fù)，文章中對多次提及的事物或現(xiàn)象會使用不同的詞語，如同義詞、近義詞、代詞等。2．閱讀理解

DogswerelivingascompanionstotheearlysettlersofNorthAmericaover10,000yearsago.TheoldestdomesticdogsintheAmericaswerethoughttobearound9500yearsold.AngelaPerriofDurhamUniversity,UK,andhercolleagueshavecarriedoutfreshradiocarbondatingonthetwodogskeletonsthatgavethisdate,discoveredintheprehistoricKostersiteinIllinois,andfoundtheywereevenolder:around10,100yearsold.

AthirddogfromanotherIllinoissitecalledStilwellIIwasolderstill,at10,190yearsold.ThatmakesittheoldestknowndomesticateddogintheAmericas.Theteamconcludedthatallthreedogsweredomesticatedastheyskeletonswerecompleteandunskinned,andsohadn'tbeenbutcheredforfood.Theyhadalsobeencarefullyburied,evidencetheywerevaluedbytheirowners.TheStilwellIIdog,whichprobablyresembledasmallEnglishsettler,wasunderwhatseemedtobethefloorofalivingarea.ItisunclearwhyittooksolongfortamedogstoarriveintheAmericas,giventhattheyweredomesticatedatleast14,000yearsagoinEurasia.Bythistime,peoplewerealreadymovingintoNorthAmericafromSiberia;thereisevidencesomereachedChile18,500yearsago.Geneticistshavefoundsignsofatleastthreewavesofmigrationoverthefollowingmillennia.Thereisnoevidencethatdomesticdogsaccompaniedthem.“Wedon'tknowifdogswerepartofthefirstwavesofimmigrationtotheAmericas"saysLucJanssensofGhentUniversityinBelgium."Itcouldbeso,butnoarchaeologicalboneshaveyetbeenfound."Itis"overwhelminglyprobable"thatsomeoftheearlysettlersdidbringdogstotheAmericas,buttheymaynothavehad"thetimeorthespiritualcompulsiontoburythem",saysPatShipmanofPennsylvaniaStateUniversity.（1）HowoldistheoldestknowndomesticdogintheAmericas7A.

About9500years.

B.

About10,100years.

C.

10,190years.

D.

18,500years.（2）Theunderlinedword"butchered"inthefourthparagraphcouldbereplacedby.A.

killed

B.

bought

C.

trained

D.

raised（3）WhatistheattitudetowardswhentamedogsarrivedintheAmericasinthelastthreeparagraphs?A.

Undoubted.

B.

Unsure.

C.

Indifferent.

D.

Unconfident.（4）Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?A.

TheearliestdomesticdogintheAmericas.

B.

ThefirstdogarrivingintheAmericas.C.

HowdogsweredomesticatedintheAmericas.

D.

WhentheoldestdogwasfoundintheAmericas.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了大概一萬年以前就在北美成為人類伙伴的狗的種類。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“AthirddogfromanotherIllinoissitecalledStilwellIIwasolderstill,at10,190yearsold.ThatmakesittheoldestknowndomesticateddogintheAmericas.”可知，美洲最古老的家犬有10,190年。故選C。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theteamconcludedthatallthreedogsweredomesticatedastheyskeletonswerecompleteandunskinned,andsohadn'tbeenbutcheredforfood.Theyhadalsobeencarefullyburied,evidencetheywerevaluedbytheirowners.”研究小組得出的結(jié)論是，這三種狗都是被馴化的，因為它們的骨骼是完整的，沒有皮膚的，所以沒有被宰殺作為食物。他們也被仔細(xì)地埋葬了，證據(jù)表明他們是被主人重視的。關(guān)鍵詞buried，可知劃線詞的意思是“殺死”，故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“ItisunclearwhyittooksolongfortamedogstoarriveintheAmericas,giventhattheyweredomesticatedatleast14,000yearsagoinEurasia.”可知，對到達美洲的馴服的狗態(tài)度是不確定。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“DogswerelivingascompanionstotheearlysettlersofNorthAmericaover10,000yearsago.TheoldestdomesticdogsintheAmericaswerethoughttobearound9500yearsold.”可知，美洲有最早的家犬。故選A。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Afourth-gradeteacherallowedoneofherstudentstoshaveherheadintheschoolyard,afterbullies（仗勢欺人者）teasedhimabouthisownshortbuzzcut（短寸頭發(fā)型）.ToriNelsongottheideaafternoticingthatMatthewFinney,ashyboyfromherhomeroomatWinlockMillerElementarySchoolinWashingtonstate,wasstandingoutsidehisclassroomcryingandwearingawinterhat.

Ms.Nelsoncouldseethebackofhisneckhadbeenshaved,andsinceMatthewusuallyhadverythickbrowncurlyhair,sherealizedthathe'dhadahaircutovertheweekend.Sheaskedhimwhatwaswrong,andhesaidhe'dgottenabuzzcutforthesummer.Butthismorning,afifthgraderonthebusmadefunofhim,andhedidn'twanttocometoclassandgetteasedbyotherkids.MsNelsontriedtoconvinceMatthewtocomeinside,butsinceschoolrulesprohibitkidsfromwearinghatsindoorsherefused–explainingthathewasafraidofshowinghishaircuttotheotherchildrenincasetheyalsomadefunofhim.

FinallyIsaid:"Ifyoutakeoffyourhatandcometoclass,I'llletyougivemeabuzzcut,too,"'MsNelsontoldYahooParenting.Ifiguredit'sjusthair,andmineisalreadyshortanyway.Imightaswellgetitshorterintimeforthewarmweather.'

Matthewexcitedlytookherupontheoffer,andMsNelsonandanotherteachergatheredallthefourthgraderstogetherduringbreaktime.Aschoolemployeebroughtinscissors,whichMatthewusedtothecheersofhisclassmates,excitedlywatchingashisteacher'shairfellawayontothegroundintheschoolyard.

'Itwasalotoffunforthekids,andithelpedMatthewfeelbetterabouthimself,'saidMsNelson.'Youhavetodowhatittakestoreachchildren.Teachingisn'tjustaboutreadingandwriting,it'saboutself-esteemandacceptingdifferences.'（1）WhatmainlyledtoMatthew'sstandingoutsidetheclassroom?A.

Hisfearofbeinglaughedat.

B.

Hiswillingnesstolearn.C.

Hisviolatingschoolrules.

D.

Hisnotfinishinghishomework.（2）WhydidMs.Nelsonhaveherheadshaved?A.

ToshowsympathyforMatthew.

B.

TocomfortandencourageMatthew.C.

Toprepareforthewarmweather.

D.

Toshowheruniquepersonality.（3）WhatisMsNelsonlike?A.

responsibleandcaring

B.

knowledgeableandcreativeC.

Humorousandeasygoing

D.

Stronganddetermined（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.

Therealmeaningofteaching

B.

StanduptoschoolbullyingC.

Teachkidstorespectdifferences

D.

Ahaircutfulloflove【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，Matthew由于害怕同學(xué)們嘲笑自己的頭發(fā)不敢進教室，老師ToriNelson安慰他，并和他一起剪了頭發(fā)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Butthismorning,afifthgraderonthebusmadefunofhim,andhedidn'twanttocometoclassandgetteasedbyotherkids.和explainingthathewasafraidofshowinghishaircuttotheotherchildrenincasetheyalsomadefunofhim.”可知Matthew在教室外哭泣不敢進去是因為害怕同學(xué)們嘲笑他。故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)老師ToriNelson和學(xué)生一起剪頭發(fā)和最后一段中的“Itwasalotoffunforthekids,andithelpedMatthewfeelbetterabouthimself,'和Teachingisn'tjustaboutreadingandwriting,it'saboutself-esteemandacceptingdifferences.”可知ToriNelson老師這樣做是為了給學(xué)生安慰和鼓勵，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的自尊。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“MsNelsontriedtoconvinceMatthewtocomeinside.老師對學(xué)生說的“Ifyoutakeoffyourhatandcometoclass,I'llletyougivemeabuzzcut,too,"和最后一段中的“Itwasalotoffunforthekids,andithelpedMatthewfeelbetterabouthimself,”可知ToriNelson老師對學(xué)生負(fù)責(zé)任，關(guān)心學(xué)生。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。本文講述了Matthew由于害怕同學(xué)們嘲笑自己的頭發(fā)不敢進教室，老師ToriNelson安慰他，并和他一起剪頭發(fā)的故事，表現(xiàn)了老師既負(fù)責(zé)又有愛心。D.Ahaircutfulloflove概括了本文內(nèi)容，表達了本文主題，適合作為本文標(biāo)題。故選D。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Whileyourpetfishmayappeartobeunawareofyourpresence,chancesarethatitknowsyouextremelywellandcanprobablyevenidentifyyoufromacrowdofhumanfaces!

Totestifthiswasaccurate,somescientistsdecidedtostudyarcherfish（噴水魚）.Theseanimalsdon'thaveasophisticated（復(fù)雜的）brainthatisnecessarytorecognizetheslightdifferencesbetweenhumanfacialfeatures.

Theybeganbypresentingfourarcherfishwithimagesoftwohumanfaces.Initially,thefishspitatboth.However,theysoonlearnedspittingwaterattheoneselectedbytheresearchersearnedthemafoodtreat.Afterthat,theyfocusedprimarilyonthatimage.Theresearchersthentooktheexperimentonestepfurtherbyintroducing44otherhumanfacestothemix.

Totheresearcher'sastonishment,thetrainedarcherfishwereabletorecallthelearnedimagealmost81%ofthetime.Andthisaccuracyimprovedto86%whentheresearchersmadetheidentificationevenharder,byreplacingthecoloredphotoswithasetofblackandwhiteimagesandhidingtheshapeofthehead.

Theresultsofthestudysuggestthatthoughhavingtinybrains,archerfishmayhavedevelopedhighvisualdiscriminationabilities.Whileitiscontrarytotheprevioustheorythatasophisticatedbrainisnecessarytorecognizehumanfaces,theresearchersbelievetheydonotrecognizefacesbyrecallingcomplexfacialinformationlikegenderandidentity,butmorelikelybydiscriminatingbetweendetailed

patterns.Evenso,thefactthatthesearcherfishcould“remember”thosefacesdemonstratesthattheyhaveanimpressivememoryfordetailsthatlastsmuchlongerthantheoriginally-thought3seconds!

Thisisnotthefirsttimeresearchershaverealizedhow“smart”fishare.Previousstudieshaveshownthatfishcanrecognizethosefishtheyhave“socialized”withpreviously,andevenrecallcomplexthree-dimensionalmapsoftheirsurroundings.（1）Whatisthepurposeofthestudy?A.

Todescribearcherfishareeasytoteach.

B.

Totellpeoplearcherfishliketoberewarded.C.

Toprovearcherfishcanrecognizehumanfaces.

D.

Toshowarcherfishcaneasilydevelopahabit.（2）Whydidtheresearchersuseblackandwhiteimages?A.

Theycouldgettheseimageseasily.

B.

Archerfishgottiredofcolorimages.C.

Theywantedtomakethetaskmoredifficult.

D.

Theseimageswouldn'tgetruinedbywater.（3）Whatconclusiondidresearchersdrawinthestudy?A.

Archerfishhavea3-secondmemory.

B.

Archerfishcoulddistinguishdetailedpatterns.C.

Archerfishhaveaspecialformofcommunication.

D.

Archerfishcouldremembercomplexfacialinformation.（4）Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.

Fisharesocialanimals.

B.

Fishareascleverashumans.C.

Fishareabletotelldifferentshapes.

D.

Theresultsshockedtheresearchers.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了科學(xué)家對噴水魚做的實驗，實驗表明魚也很“聰明”，它們沒有復(fù)雜的大腦但是卻有辨認(rèn)面孔的能力。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段做的“Whileyourpetfishmayappeartobeunawareofyourpresence,chancesarethatitknowsyouextremelywellandcanprobablyevenidentifyyoufromacrowdofhumanfaces!”和第二段做的“Totestifthiswasaccurate,somescientistsdecidedtostudyarcherfish(噴水魚).”可知這項研究的目的是證明噴水魚可以認(rèn)出人臉，故選C。(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段做的“Andthisaccuracyimprovedto86%whentheresearchersmadetheidentificationevenharder,byreplacingthecoloredphotoswithasetofblackandwhiteimagesandhidingtheshapeofthehead.”可知研究人員使用黑白圖像是為了增加這項任務(wù)的難度，故選C。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段做的“Evenso,thefactthatthesearcherfishcould‘remember’thosefacesdemonstratesthattheyhaveanimpressivememoryfordetailsthatlastsmuchlongerthantheoriginally-thought3seconds!”可推知噴水魚可以辨別精細(xì)的圖案，故選B。(4)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段做的“Totheresearcher'sastonishment,thetrainedarcherfishwereabletorecallthelearnedimagealmost81%ofthetime.”可知研究結(jié)果令研究人員非常吃驚，故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

IvisitedCopenhagenforthefirsttimelastEaster.Asastudent，I'malwaysstrappedforcash，soIassumedIcouldonlyaffordtobreathetheair—butluckilyeverythingaboutCopenhagenisbreathtaking.

IwasstayinginanAirbnb,andrentedabikesoIcouldcovermoreground.OneofthefirstplacesIvisitedwastheRundetaarn,or“roundtower”builtinthe17thcenturyasanastronomicalobservatory.Ithasanequestrianstaircase(awidesetofstairsbigenoughforhorsestouse)thatwentonandon.AsIwasgoingup,Istoppedtovisitthetower'slibraryhall.Atthetop,there'saglassplatformthatgivesaview80-footstraightdown,aswellasabellloft.Luckily,theviewsoverCopenhagenfromthetopwerewellworththeclimb.

Aftercomingdown,IhikeduptotheKastelletFortresstoseethefamousLittleMermaidstatue.Takingaphotowithherwasalmostimpossiblewithallthetouristscrowdingaround—butsittingthereandhearingthelappingwavesofthedeepblueBalticSea,waitingforthesuntoset,wasanunforgettableandcalmingexperience.

Thenextday,IvisitedtheGlyptotekartmuseum,exploringthegrandexhibits.IlookedintothemarbleeyesofmanyRomangods，andwalkeddowndimlylitstaircasestoseemummiesfromEgypt.

BeforeIunwillinglyboardedthetrainbacktotheairport,ItoldmyselfthatImustvisitagain—toexperiencethethrillsofTivoliGardens,trymoreofthestreetfoodandeverythingelsefromthisamazingcity.（1）Whydidtheauthorrentabike?A.

Becauseshelovedtorideabike.

B.

Becauseshedidn'taffordtorentacar.C.

Becauseshefoundnowheretorentothervehicles.

D.

Becauseshewantedtoseeasmanyattractionsaspossible.（2）WhatdidtheauthorfinddifficultattheKastelletFortress?A.

Findingasittingplace

B.

WaitingforthesuntosetC.

Listeningtothesoundofwaves

D.

Havingaphototakenwithastatue.（3）Whichofthefollowingdidn'ttheauthorvisit?A.

Rundetaarn

B.

TivoliGardens

C.

Glyptotekartmuseum

D.

LittleMermaidStatue（4）Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.

Torememberaholiday

B.

TointroduceanewattractionC.

Tosharehertravelexperience

D.

ToshowherloveofCopenhagen【答案】（1）D（2）D（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了作者去哥本哈根的窮游經(jīng)歷。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“IwasstayinginanAirbnb,andrentedabikesoIcouldcovermoreground.”可知作者租一輛自行車是因為她想要看盡可能多的旅游勝地，故選D。(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Takingaphotowithherwasalmostimpossiblewithallthetouristscrowdingaround”可知在KastelletFortress，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)最困難的事情就是和雕塑拍照，故選D。(3)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“OneofthefirstplacesIvisitedwastheRundetaarn,”排除A；根據(jù)第四段中的“Thenextday,IvisitedtheGlyptotekartmuseum,exploringthegrandexhibits.”排除C；根據(jù)第三段中的“Aftercomingdown,IhikeduptotheKastelletFortresstoseethefamousLittleMermaidstatue.”排除D，故選B。(4)考查寫作意圖。這篇文章主要介紹了作者去哥本哈根的窮游經(jīng)歷，所以作者寫這篇文章的目的是分享自己的旅游經(jīng)歷，故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和寫作意圖兩個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的同時，需進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行推理，歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Howmuchtelevisiondoyouwatch?Didyoureallygiveanhonestanswer?Arecentstudyshowsthatpeoplearen'ttotallytruthfulabouttheirtelevision-watchinghabits.

ThestudyinquestionwasconductedatBallStateUniversityintheUS.Researcherstherewantedtofindouthowmuchtelevisionpeopleviewaccordingtotheirage.ThestudywaspaidforbyacouncilassociatedwiththeNielsenCompany,whichdeterminestelevisionratings.Theconclusionswerethatpeoplespendmorethan8hoursadaylookingatascreen.Thisincludedcellphonesandcomputers，butthemajorityweretelevisionscreens.

Therearethreeinterestingthingsaboutthisstudy.Thefirstisthatpeopleareexposedtomorethanonehourofadvertisementsperday.ThesecondisthatevenwithaccesstoDVDsandinternetvideos,televisionisstillthemostpopularmediasource.Thethirdisthattheamountofscreen-watchingpeopledoisrelativelythesamefromtheagesof18-65.

So,ifeveryoneiswatchingtelevision,whylieaboutit?Well,ifsomeoneadmitstheywatchtelevisionforfiveorsixhours,theycouldbeconsideredacouchpotato.MichaelPhillips,oneofthestudy'smainresearchers,says,“There'sasocialstigmaforpeoplewhowatchtoomuchtelevision.Sometimes,however,watchingthelatestrealityshoworthefunniestsitcomgivesco-workersandfriendsfunthingstotalkabout.”

Evenifyoudowatchalotoftelevision,perhapswecanusethisstudyasareasontobehonestwithourselvesabouthowmuchtimewespendinfrontofthetelevision.Imean,afterall,everyoneelseisdoingit...（1）WhydopeoplelieabouthowmuchTVtheywatch?A.

Becausetheshowtheywatchedisnotthelatest.

B.

Becausetheymaybelaughedatbyco-workersorfriends.C.

Becausetheydon'twantotherstoknowwhattheywatched.

D.

Becausethere'ssomethingnegativeattachedtowatchingtoomuchTV.（2）Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothestudy?A.

Themostpopularmediasourceistheinternet.

B.

18-year-oldswatchmoreTVthansomeoneintheir60s.C.

Peopleareexposedtooverthananhourofadvertisementaday.

D.

Researcherssaythatpeoplewatchover8eighthoursoftelevisionaweek.（3）Howcouldpeoplefeeltobeconsideredasacouchpotato?A.

comfortable

B.

ashamed

C.

excited

D.

satisfied（4）Whatideadoestheauthormainlywanttoexpresswiththearticle?A.

whattheeffectsofwatchingTVare.

B.

howmuchtelevisionweshouldwatcheveryday.C.

therearesomeinterestingfactsofwatchingTV.

D.

peoplelieabouthowmuchtelevisiontheywatch.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，作者分析了人們瞞報看電視的時間的原因。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“There'sasocialstigmaforpeoplewhowatchtoomuchtelevision.”可知看太多電視，被認(rèn)為不光彩，由此推知，看電視太多與消極的東西聯(lián)系在一起，故選D。(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thefirstisthatpeopleareexposedtomorethanonehourofadvertisementsperday.”可知人們每天被暴露在廣告下的時間超過一小時，故選C。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“There'sasocialstigmaforpeoplewhowatchtoomuchtelevision.”可知看太多電視，被認(rèn)為不光彩，由此推知當(dāng)一個人被認(rèn)為是一個成天看電視的人，他會感覺很羞恥，故選B。(4)考查主旨大意。根據(jù)全文的主題句“Arecentstudyshowsthatpeoplearen'ttotallytruthfulabouttheirtelevision-watchinghabits.”可知這篇文章主要講了人們瞞報看電視的時間，作者對其中的原因進行了分析，故選D。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇生活類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Eighty-five-yearoldChinesepharmacologist(藥理學(xué)家)TuYouyoubecameChina'sfirstwinneroftheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinewhenitwasannouncedthatshewasoneofthreescientistsawardedthe2015NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinefortheirworkindevelopingeffectivedrugsagainstparasticdiseases.

Tuwashonoredfordevelopingartemisin（青蒿素）,adrugformalariathathassavedmillionsoflivesacrosstheglobe,especiallyinthedevelopingworld,theNobelAssemblyatkarolinskaInstituedisclosedonitswebsiteonMonday.Tu,aChinesetrainedpharmacologistandaresearcherattheChinaAcademyofChineseMedicalSciencesinBeijing,wenttoStockholm,SwedeninDecembertoreceiveheraward,accordingtoCaoHongxin,thescienceandtechnologydepartmentheadoftheStateAdministrationofTraditionalChineseMedicine.

"Shewascalmandsaidshehasreceivedlotsofcongratulatorycalls."CaotoldChinaDailyonMondayafterhetelephonedTutocongratulateher."It'sanoverdue（遲來的）honorforTuandtheworld'srecognitionoftraditionalChinesemedicine,"hesaid.

"Tu'sbreakthroughinwinningtheNobelPrizeinanaturalscienceistheprideofthewholenationandthewholeChinesescientificcommunity,"saidZhouDejin,spokesmanoftheChineseAcademyofScience,China'snationalresearchbodythatconsistsofmorethanonehundredresearchinsistutes,universitiesandresearchbranches,

"Theachievementofdiscoveringartemisininwasmadeinthe1970s,butitonlyreceivedinternationalrecognitioninlateryears,whichsuggeststhatwemighthavemoreachievementsthathavereachedtheNobelPrizelevelbuthavenotbeenrecognized."Zhousaid.（1）WhywasTuYouyouawardedtheNobelPrize?A.

ShemadeabreakthroughintheChinesescientificcommunity

B.

ShecameupwitharevolutionarytheoryaboutmedicineC.

Shedevotedherwholelifetomedicineresearch

D.

Shedevelopedaveryeffectivedruginthe1970s（2）WhatdoweknowaboutTuYouyou?A.

ShesecretlyacceptedtheNobelPrizebyherself

B.

She'sthesecondChinesetowinthe2015NobelPrizeC.

ShehasanordinaryheartthoughwinningtheNobelPrize

D.

Shewonthe2015NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinewiththreescientists（3）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.

ChinalackstalentedscientistslikeTuYouyou.

B.

Tu'sachievementwasrecognizedbytheworldalongtimeago.C.

ChinesescientistsshouldworkhardertowinmoreNobelPrizes.

D.

MoreChinesescientificachievementsshouldbeacknowledged.（4）Whattypeofwritingdoesthispassagebelongto?A.

Ascientificreport

B.

AnofficialdocumentC.

Anewsreport

D.

Amedicalrecord【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物傳記，講述了諾貝爾獎得主屠呦呦，她致力于中醫(yī)藥研究，開發(fā)出了很多有效的藥物。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Tuwashonoredfordevelopingartemisin（青蒿素）,adrugformalariathathassavedmillionsoflivesacrosstheglobe,especiallyinthedevelopingworld”可知，屠呦呦獲得諾貝爾獎是因為她在20世紀(jì)70年代發(fā)明了一種非常有效的藥物。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的"Shewascalmandsaidshehasreceivedlotsofcongratulatorycalls."可知，盡管獲得了諾貝爾獎，她還是有一顆普通的心。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"‘Theachievementofdiscoveringartemisininwasmadeinthe1970s,butitonlyreceivedinternationalrecognition

inlateryears,whichsuggeststhatwemighthavemoreachievementsthathavereachedtheNobelPrizelevelbuthavenotbeenrecognized.’Zhousaid.”可知，建議更多的中國科學(xué)成就應(yīng)該得到承認(rèn)。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。縱觀全文，根據(jù)第四段中的"Tu'sbreakthroughinwinningtheNobelPrizeinanaturalscienceistheprideofthewholenationandthewholeChinesescientificcommunity,"可知，這是一項醫(yī)學(xué)紀(jì)錄。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇人物類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

Whocouldhaveimaginedthatatreadmill(跑步機)onwheelswouldonedaybecomeathing?Lopifitisanunusualmeansoftransportationthatallowsyoutopoweranelectricbicyclebywalkingonatreadmill.

LopifitfounderBruinBergmeestersaysitallstartedwhenheaskedhimselfthequestion."HowcanIuseatreadmilloutdoors?"Heeventuallycameupwithadesign,towhichheaddedanelectricengine,andLopifitwasborn.Thetreadmillbicycleissimilartoatypicalelectricbicycleinthatthemotoronlyworkswhentheriderputspowerinaswell.TheLopifitsensesitwhenyouwalkonthetreadmillandusesthemotortoturnadrivechainatthebackpartofthetreadmill,helpingyoureachatopspeedof17milesperhour.

TousetheLopifit,simplyturnonthebatteryanduseyourfeettoslidethetreadmillbackwardsandactivate(激活)themotor.Thengetonandenjoytheride!Ifyouneedspeed,justwalkonthetreadmill,andifyouwanttocoast,allyouhavetodoisstaystillandadmiretheview.Tostop,youhavetwohandbrakesavailable.

TheLopifitfirsthitthestreetsin2014and,unsurprisingly,becameaninstanthit.Thatwasactuallyquitechallengingforthecompany,becauseitstartedgetinquiriesandcallsfororders,butitwasnowherenearreadyformassproduction.Theuniquetreadmillbicyclebecame