Book3

Unit3

TheworldofscienceGrammarUnit3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/has+v-ed)1)表示說話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，而且這個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響;2)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。Unit3被動(dòng)語態(tài)助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞be隨主語的人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作承受者，不必說出執(zhí)行者或含糊不清的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，多用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Unit3VerbformActivePassivehave/has+been+v-edhave/has+v-ed現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)Unit3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的意義表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響。動(dòng)詞和主語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系?？隙ㄊ剑篽ave/has+been+v-ed否定式：have/has+not+been+v-ed一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+been+v-ed?特殊疑問句：疑問詞+have/has+been+v-ed?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)Unit31.并不是所有動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物動(dòng)詞或詞組無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.2.動(dòng)詞短語是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要保持其完整性，其中的介詞或副詞不可省略。

e.g.Theorphanshavebeentaken

goodcareofhere．

【考點(diǎn)提示】Unit33.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別

一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，其結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在沒有影響；

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)盡管發(fā)生在過去，但側(cè)重說明該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果?！究键c(diǎn)提示】Unit3Themachinehasbeenrepaired．機(jī)器已經(jīng)修好了。(動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，說明機(jī)器修好了，可以使用了。)Themachinewasrepairedyesterday．機(jī)器昨天修了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)機(jī)器是昨天修好的。)【考點(diǎn)提示】Unit31.將下面句子中的主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)。1)NobodyhasheardofSusansinceshemoved.

________________________________________.2)Wehaven'tgiventhemanythingtoeat.

_________________________________________3)Wehavealreadydiscussedthisquestion.

_________________________________________Susanhasn'tbeenheardofsinceshemoved.Thisquestionhasalreadybeendiscussed.Theyhaven'tbeengivenanythingtoeat.Unit31)Thesamemistake_______________(make)manytimes.2)Morethan100famousfilms________________(show)inthecitysinceJuly.2.用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。hasbeenmade

havebeenshownUnit33)Forhistenthbirthday,Carlwantedabicyclebut________(give)aguitarbyhisparents.4)Althoughit_______________(play)manytimes,hestilllovesit.

5)Threenewschools_______________(open)inourcityinthepast5years.hasbeenplayedhavebeenopenedwasgivenUnit3Rewritetheunderlinedpartsusingthepresentperfectpassive.Grammar:PresentperfectpassiveWithinthenext80years,ourlivesmaybechangedbeyondrecognitionby3Dprinting.Ithasalreadyaffectedmanythingsinourlives,rightdowntothefoodweeat.Forinstance,somerestaurantsinLondonhaveserved3D-printedhamburgerstocustomers.Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthatpeoplehaveachievedtodateisinmedicine.Theyhavemadehumanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,with3Dprintingtechnology.Anditisnotjusthumanswhoarebenefiting—inBrazil,peoplehavegivenanew3D-printedshelltoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!Unit3Grammar:PresentperfectpassiveWithinthenext80years,ourlivesmaybechangedbeyondrecognitionby3Dprinting.Ithasalreadyaffectedmanythingsinourlives,rightdowntothefoodweeat.Forinstance,somerestaurantsinLondonhaveserved3D-printedhamburgerstocustomers.Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthatpeoplehaveachievedtodateisinmedicine.Theyhavemadehumanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,with3Dprintingtechnology.Anditisnotjusthumanswhoarebenefiting—inBrazil,peoplehavegivenanew3D-printedshelltoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!Manythingsinourliveshavealreadybeenaffected,Unit33D-printedhamburgershavebeenservedtocustomersinsomerestaurantsinLondon.Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthathasbeenachievedtodateisinmedicine.Withinthenext80years,ourlivesmaybechangedbeyondrecognitionby3Dprinting.Ithasalreadyaffectedmanythingsinourlives,rightdowntothefoodweeat.Forinstance,somerestaurantsinLondonhaveserved3D-printedhamburgerstocustomers.Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthatpeoplehaveachievedtodateisinmedicine.Theyhavemadehumanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,with3Dprintingtechnology.Anditisnotjusthumanswhoarebenefiting—inBrazil,peoplehavegivenanew3D-printedshelltoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!Grammar:PresentperfectpassiveUnit3Withinthenext80years,ourlivesmaybechangedbeyondrecognitionby3Dprinting.Ithasalreadyaffectedmanythingsinourlives,rightdowntothefoodweeat.Forinstance,somerestaurantsinLondonhaveserved3D-printedhamburgerstocustomers.Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthatpeoplehaveachievedtodateisinmedicine.Theyhavemadehumanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,with3Dprintingtechnology.Anditisnotjusthumanswhoarebenefiting—inBrazil,peoplehavegivenanew3D-printedshelltoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!Grammar:PresentperfectpassiveHumanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,havebeenmadewith3Dprintingtechnology.Anew3D-printedshellhasbeengiventoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!Unit3ImagineyouareDrMoore.Lookatthepicturesandtellthepoliceaboutthedamageandlosstoyourlab.Usethepresentperfectpassivewhereappropriate.Grammar:PresentperfectpassiveUnit3Grammar:Presentperfectpassive1.Thelockonthedoorhasbeenbroken.2.Thewindowhasbeenbroken.3.Mytwolaptopshavebeenstolen.4.Beakersandtesttubeshavebeendestroyed.5.T