高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省部分高中協(xié)作體2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期6月期末英語試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATheCharlesDickensMuseuminLondonistheworld’smostimportantcollectionofmaterialrelatingtothegreatVictoriannovelistandsocialcommentator(評論員).TheonlysurvivingLondonhomeofDickens(from1837until1839)wasopenedasamuseumin1925andisstillwelcomingvisitorsfromallovertheworld.Onfourfloors,visitorscanseepaintings,rareeditions,manuscripts,originalfurnitureandmanyitemsrelatingtothelifeofoneofthemostpopularandbelovedpersonalitiesoftheVictorianage.OpeningHours:TheMuseumisopenfromMondaystoSaturdays10:00-17:00;Sundays11:00-17:00.Lastadmissionis30minutesbeforeclosingtime.Specialopeningtimescanbearrangedforgroups,whomaywishtobookaprivateview.AdmissionCharges:Adults:￡5.00;Students:￡4:00;Seniors:￡4.00;Children:￡3.00;Families:￡14.00(2adults&uptofivechildren).GroupRates:Foragroupof10ormore,aspecialgrouprateof￡4.00eachapplies.Childrenwillstillbeadmittedfor￡3.00each.Access:WeareconstantlyworkingtoimproveaccesstotheMuseumanditscollection.Ourcurrentprojectsinvolvethefittingofawheelchairramp(活動(dòng)坡道)forbetteraccess,acustomercarekitandanaudiotourforvisitorswithimpairedvision.OurHandlingSessionsarealsosuitableforthevisuallyimpaired.TheMuseumhasdevelopedanonlinevirtualtourthroughtheMuseum.ClickheretovisitalltheroomsintheMuseumonline.HiretheMuseum:TheMuseumcanbehiredforprivatefunctions,partiesandmanyothersocialoccasions.FindUs:TheMuseummaybereachedbyusingthefollowingbuses:7,17,19,38,45,46,55,243.Andbytheseundergroundservices:PiccadillyLine;CentralLine.Foramap,pleaseclickhere.TheBritishMuseumandtheFoundlingMuseumarewithinwalkingdistance.1.HowmuchwilltheypayifafamilywithtwoadultsandthreechildrengototheMuseumtogether?A.￡10.00 B.￡14.00 C.￡19.00 D.￡22.002.WhatcanbelearnedfromthepassageabouttheMuseum?A.IndividualscannothiretheMuseumforparties.B.VisitorswithpoorvisioncanenjoytheMuseum.C.InnocasecanpeoplevisittheMuseumafter17:00.D.VisitorscanseerareeditionsofmanyVictoriannovelists.3.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.Website B.Magazine C.Newspaper D.Guidebook【答案】1.B2.B3.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹的是倫敦的CharlesDickens博物館的相關(guān)情況。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AdmissionCharges:部分的“Families:￡14.00(2adults&uptofivechildren).(家庭：14.00英鎊（2名成人和最多5名兒童）)”可知，如果一個(gè)家庭有兩個(gè)大人和三個(gè)孩子一起去博物館要花14英鎊，故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Access:部分的“Ourcurrentprojectsinvolvethefittingofawheelchairramp(活動(dòng)坡道)forbetteraccess,acustomercarekitandanaudiotourforvisitorswithimpairedvision.(我們目前的項(xiàng)目包括安裝輪椅坡道，為視力受損的游客提供更好的服務(wù)，提供客戶服務(wù)工具包和語音導(dǎo)覽)”可知，視力不好的游客也可以參觀博物館。故選B。【3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Access部分的最后一句“TheMuseumhasdevelopedanonlinevirtualtourthroughtheMuseum.ClickheretovisitalltheroomsintheMuseumonline.(博物館已經(jīng)開發(fā)了一個(gè)在線虛擬參觀博物館。點(diǎn)擊這里在線參觀博物館的所有房間)”以及最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Foramap,pleaseclickhere.(地圖請點(diǎn)擊這里)”可推知，本篇文章可能來自一個(gè)網(wǎng)站。故選A。BMarkasked,“Doyouthinkthey’llletmeplay?”Mark’sfatherknewthatfewboyswouldwantsomeonelikeMark,mentallyandphysicallydisabled,ontheirteam,butthefatherstillapproachedtoasktheboysifMarkcouldplay.Theyexchangedglanceswitheachotherandsaid,“We’lltrytoputhimintobat.”Markstruggledovertotheteam’sbenchandhisfatherhadasmalltearinhiseyeandwarmthinheart.Theboyssawthefather’sjoyathissonbeingaccepted.Inthebottomofthefinalinning,Markwasscheduledtobeatbat.Everyoneknewthatahitwasalmostimpossible.Thefirstpitch(投)cameandMarkmissed.ThepitcheragaintookafewstepsforwardtothrowtheballsoftlytowardsMark.Asthepitchcamein,Markswungattheballandhitaslowgroundballrightbacktothepitcher.Thepitchercouldhaveeasilythrowntheballtothefirstbaseman,buthejustthrewtheballrightovertheheadofthefirstbaseman,beyondthereachofallteammates.Theaudienceandtheplayersfrombothteamsstartedscreaming,“Mark,runtofirst!”NeverinhislifehadMarkeverrunthatfarbutmadeittofirstbase,wide-eyedandshocked.BythetimeMarkroundedtowardssecondbase,thesmallestguyontheirteam,whohadachancetobetheheroforhisteamforthefirsttime,understoodthepitcher’sintentionsandhetoointentionallythrewtheballhighandfaroverthethirdbaseman’shead.Allwerescreaming.“Mark,runtothird.”AsMarkroundedthird,allwereontheirfeet,crying,“Mark,runhome!”Markrantohome,steppedonthehomebaseandwascheeredastheherowhowonthegameforhisteam.Tearsrolleddownthefather’scheeks.Thatday,theboysfrombothteamshelpedbringtrueloveandhumanityintothisworld.4.WhydidMark’sfather,notexpectingmuch,stillaskedifMarkcouldjointheteam?A.Becausehenoticedsomeoftheboysonthefieldwerefriendly.B.BecauseheknewsomeoftheboysonthefieldknewMarkwell.C.BecauseheunderstoodMarkdidneedafeelingofbeingaccepted.D.BecauseheguessedMark’sdisabilitywouldaffecttheboys’decision.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intentions”inparagraph5referto?A.ThepitcherwantedtohelpMarkwinthegame.B.Thepitcherpretendedtothrowtheballhighandfar.C.Thepitcherlookedforwardtowinningthegameforhisteam.D.Thepitcherhadintendedtothrowtheballtothefirstbaseman.6.WhichhasnothingtodowithMark’sbecomingtheheroforhisteam?A.Someoftheopposingplayersrantohelphim.B.Thepitcherdidnotthrowtheballtothefirstbaseman.C.Theopposingplayersfailedtostophisrunningtohome.D.Theaudienceandtheplayersfrombothteamscheeredforhim.7.Whatisthethemeofthestory?A.Truehumannaturecouldberealizedinthewaywetreateachother.B.Everyonecandevelophisteamspiritinsportsandpleasehisparents.C.Theresultsofthegameshouldnotbetheonlyconcernoftheplayers.D.Everyonehashisownstrengthevenifmentallyorphysicallydisabled.【答案】4.C5.A6.C7.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一個(gè)暖心故事，身患?xì)埣驳腗ark想要打棒球，球員答應(yīng)讓他上場，為了成全身患?xì)埣驳腗ark，球隊(duì)雙方進(jìn)行了善意地欺騙，故意屢屢失手，共同制造了一個(gè)特殊的“英雄”——Mark?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Mark’sfatherknewthatfewboyswouldwantsomeonelikeMark,mentallyandphysicallydisabled,ontheirteam,butthefatherstillapproachedtoasktheboysifMarkcouldplay.Theyexchangedglanceswitheachotherandsaid,‘We’lltrytoputhimintobat.’(馬克的父親知道，很少有男孩會(huì)想要像馬克這樣有精神和身體殘疾的人加入他們的球隊(duì)，但父親還是走過去問孩子們馬克是否可以參加比賽。他們互相交換了一下眼色，說:“我們會(huì)設(shè)法讓他上場的。”)”可知，Mark的父親理解兒子的心情，理解他需要一種被接受的感覺，雖然身患?xì)埣?，但Mark希望得到別人的認(rèn)可和接受。故選C?！?題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段“BythetimeMarkroundedtowardssecondbase,thesmallestguyontheirteam,whohadachancetobetheheroforhisteamforthefirsttime,understoodthepitcher’sintentionsandhetoointentionallythrewtheballhighandfaroverthethirdbaseman’shead.(當(dāng)馬克轉(zhuǎn)到二壘時(shí)，他們隊(duì)中最小的家伙，第一次有機(jī)會(huì)成為他們隊(duì)的英雄，明白了投手的intentions，他也故意把球扔得很高，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了三壘手的頭。)”可知，球隊(duì)中最小的男孩故意把球扔得又高又遠(yuǎn)，因?yàn)槔斫饬送妒值囊鈭D。intention是“意圖”。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。通過倒數(shù)第二段“Allwerescreaming.‘Mark,runtothird.’AsMarkroundedthird,allwereontheirfeet,crying,‘Mark,runhome！’Markrantohome,steppedonthehomebaseandwascheeredastheherowhowonthegameforhisteam.（所有人都在尖叫?！榜R克，跑到三壘。”馬克跑到三壘時(shí)，所有人都站了起來，喊著:“馬克，跑回家！”馬克跑向本壘，踏上本壘，大家歡呼雀躍，認(rèn)為他是球隊(duì)贏得比賽的英雄。)”以及最后一段“Thatday,theboysfrombothteamshelpedbringapiecetrueloveandhumanityintothisworld.(那一天，兩支隊(duì)伍的男孩們?yōu)檫@個(gè)世界帶來了一份真愛和人性)”可推知，對方球員并不是不能阻止Mark跑回主場，他們是為了讓身患?xì)埣驳腗ark感到快樂，球隊(duì)雙方都進(jìn)行了善意地欺騙，故意屢屢失手，共同制造了一個(gè)特殊的“英雄”，C項(xiàng)“對方球員沒能阻止他向家跑去?！迸c文章內(nèi)容及主題不符。故選C?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，再通過最后一段“Thatday,theboysfrombothteamshelpedbringapiecetrueloveandhumanityintothisworld.(那一天，兩支隊(duì)伍的男孩們?yōu)檫@個(gè)世界帶來了一份真愛和人性)”以及“havingneverforgottenbeingthehero(他從未忘記自己是英雄)”可推知，本文通過講述棒球球員與身患?xì)埣驳腟hay之間的暖心故事，引出了一個(gè)關(guān)于人性的話題，通過這個(gè)故事可以領(lǐng)悟到真正的人性可以通過我們對待彼此的方式來實(shí)現(xiàn)。故選A。CWhenrobotsandhumansinteractinthesameenvironment,itisimportantforthemtomoveintechniquesthatmonitoranenvironment,predictthefutureactionsofhumans,identifysecuretrackforarobotandcontrolitsmovementsaccordingly.Predictinghumanbehaviorandmovements,however,canbeincrediblychallenging.Determiningthefuturemovementsofarobot,ontheotherhand,couldbefareasier.Ifhumanuserscouldanticipatethemovementsofrobotsandtheeffectsthesewillhaveonthesurroundingenvironment,theyshouldthenbeabletoeasilyadapttheiractionsinordertoavoidaccidents.Withthisinmind,researchersatKyushuUniversityinJapanrecentlycreatedanear-futureperceptionsystemnamedPreviewedRealitythatallowshumanuserstoforecastfuturechangesintheirenvironment,whichcouldtheninformtheirdecisionsandguidetheiractions.Thissystemcompiles(編譯)adata-setcontaininginformationaboutthepositionofobjects,humansandrobotswithinthesameenvironment,tothenproducesimulations(模擬)ofeventsthatcouldtakeplaceinthenearfuture.ThesesimulationsarepresentedtohumanusersviaVirtualReality(VR)orAugmentedReality(AR)headsets.Tocollectinformationaboutthepositionofdifferentobjects,robots,andhumansinthesameenvironment,theresearchersusedanumberofstrategicallyplacedsensors,includingopticaltrackersthatmonitoredthemovementsofobjectsorrobots,andaRGB-Dcamerawhichmainlytrackedhumanactions.Thedatagatheredbythesensorswasthenfedtoamotionplannerandadynamicssimulator.Combiningthesetwosystemcomponentsallowedtheresearcherstoforecastchangesinagivenenvironmentandsynthesize(合成)imagesofeventsthatarelikelytooccurinthenearfuture,fromtheviewpointofaspecifichuman.HumanuserscouldthenviewthesesynthesizedimagessimplythroughaVRheadsetoranARdisplay.“Thissystemprovideshuman-friendlycommunicationbetweenahumanandaroboticsystem.”theresearchersexplained.Intheirnextstudies,theyplantoexpandandsimplifytheperceptionsystem,forinstancebycreatingalighterandmoreaffordableversionthatcanoperateonsmartphonesorotherportabledevices.8.Whydidtheresearchersdevelopthesystem?A.Topredictfuturechangesinhumanbehavior.B.Torecorddevelopmentsinthefieldofrobotics.C.Toenhancesafetyofhuman-robotinteractions.D.Tomakegooduseofvirtualrealitytechnology.9.WhatisspecialaboutPreviewedReality?A.Itsimulatesnear-futureeventsviaVRheadsets.B.Itenableshumanuserstoperceivefutureevents.C.Itguidesrobotstotrackhumans’movementseasily.D.Ithelpsdeterminethepositioninformationofobjects.10.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thefunctionsofthesystemcomponents. B.Thedynamicwaytosynthesizeimages.C.TheinnerstructureofPreviewedReality. D.TheworkingprocedureofPreviewedReality.11.Whatmighttheresearchersdointhefuture?A.Promotethenewversionthroughadvertising.B.Trialthisperceptionsystemwithsmartphones.C.Makethesystemaccessibleonportabledevices.D.Applysomenewtechniquestoroboticsystems.【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了日本的研究人員創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)名為“預(yù)覽現(xiàn)實(shí)（PreviewedReality）”的近未來感知系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)允許人類用戶預(yù)測未來環(huán)境的變化，然后為他們的決策提供信息并指導(dǎo)他們的行動(dòng)。文章介紹了其工作過程以及特點(diǎn)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Ifhumanuserscouldanticipatethemovementsofrobotsandtheeffectsthesewillhaveonthesurroundingenvironment,theyshouldthenbeabletoeasilyadapttheiractionsinordertoavoidaccidents.(如果人類用戶能夠預(yù)測機(jī)器人的運(yùn)動(dòng)及其對周圍環(huán)境的影響，那么他們應(yīng)該能夠輕松地調(diào)整自己的行動(dòng)，以避免事故)”和第三段中“Withthisinmind,researchersatKyushuUniversityinJapanrecentlycreatedanear-futureperceptionsystem(考慮到這一點(diǎn)，日本九州大學(xué)的研究人員最近創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)近未來感知系統(tǒng))”可知，研究人員開發(fā)這個(gè)系統(tǒng)是為了提高人機(jī)交互的安全性。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“anear-futureperceptionsystemnamedPreviewedRealitythatallowshumanuserstoforecastfuturechangesintheirenvironment(一個(gè)名為PreviewedReality的近未來感知系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)允許人類用戶預(yù)測未來環(huán)境的變化)”以及“Thissystemcompiles(編譯)adata-setcontaininginformationaboutthepositionofobjects,humansandrobotswithinthesameenvironment,tothenproducesimulations(模擬)ofeventsthatcouldtakeplaceinthenearfuture.ThesesimulationsarepresentedtohumanusersviaVirtualReality(VR)orAugmentedReality(AR)headsets.(該系統(tǒng)編譯了一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)集，其中包含同一環(huán)境中物體、人類和機(jī)器人的位置信息，然后生成在不久的將來可能發(fā)生的事件的模擬。這些模擬通過虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)(VR)或增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)(AR)耳機(jī)呈現(xiàn)給人類用戶)”可知，PreviewedReality的特別之處是它使人類用戶能夠感知未來的事件。故選B?！?0題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容，尤其是后面三句“Thedatagatheredbythesensorswasthenfedtoamotionplannerandadynamicssimulator.Combiningthesetwosystemcomponentsallowedtheresearcherstoforecastchangesinagivenenvironmentandsynthesize(合成)imagesofeventsthatarelikelytooccurinthenearfuture,fromtheviewpointofaspecifichuman.HumanuserscouldthenviewthesesynthesizedimagessimplythroughaVRheadsetoranARdisplay.(傳感器收集的數(shù)據(jù)隨后被輸入運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)劃器和動(dòng)力學(xué)模擬器。結(jié)合這兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)組件，研究人員可以預(yù)測給定環(huán)境中的變化，并從特定人類的角度合成可能在不久的將來發(fā)生的事件的圖像。然后，人類用戶只需通過VR頭顯或AR顯示器即可查看這些合成圖像)”可知，本段主要內(nèi)容是PreviewedReality的工作過程。故選D。【11題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Intheirnextstudies,theyplantoexpandandsimplifytheperceptionsystem,forinstancebycreatingalighterandmoreaffordableversionthatcanoperateonsmartphonesorotherportabledevices.(在接下來的研究中，他們計(jì)劃擴(kuò)展和簡化感知系統(tǒng)，例如，通過創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更輕、更便宜的版本，可以在智能手機(jī)或其他便攜式設(shè)備上訪問)”可知，研究人員未來可能會(huì)使系統(tǒng)可在便攜式設(shè)備上訪問。故選C。DTherearesomethingsmoneycan’tbuy.Education,however,doesnotappeartobeamongthem—atleastasmeasuredbyperformanceoninternationalexams.AnewstudybyHarvardUniversityoffersstrongevidencethatthewealthofacountryaffectsexamresultsjustasmuchasthewealthofapupil’shouseholddoes.Onaverage,pupilsinwealthycountriesobtainvastlyhighertestscoresthanthoseindevelopingones.Evaluatingtestscoresaroundtheworldisharderthanitsounds.Althoughpupilsintherichworldmostlytakeoneofafewbiginternationalexams,manydevelopingcountriesrelyonregionaltests,makingapples-to-applescomparisonsimpossible.Researchersorganizedanexamin2016for2,314childreninIndia,whichincludedbothquestionsfromtheleadingtestsandonestakenfromsmallerexams.Usinganswersfromthesamepupilsonthesamedaytoquestionsfromdifferenttests,theybuiltastatisticalmodeltheycalleda“RosettaStone”.Itcantranslatescoresfromarangeofexams—suchasoneusedonlyinwestAfrica—intoanequalmarkonothercommoninternationaltests.Theythenusedtheseequations（等式）toestimatehowpupilsin80differentcountrieswouldfareonthebenchmark（基準(zhǔn)）TrendsinInternationalMathematicsandScienceStudy(TIMSS).Theirdatashowthatthewealthofastudent’scountryandfamilyhavesimilarimpactsontestscores—meaningthatbiggapsinGDPperpersonmattermorethansmallonesinhouseholdincomedo.Forexample,pupilsfromfamiliesthatareverypoorbyrich-worldstandards—thoseearning$5,000ayear—areexpectedtoscorearound500outof1,000ontheTIMSSinAmerica,and560inJapan.Incontrast,thosewhoseparentsmake$10,000ayearinanupper-middleincomecountrycanonlygettheequivalent（等價(jià)物）ofa475.Theinfluenceofparentalearningsisnotconstant.Richpeopletendtoeducatetheirchildrenprivatelyinplaceswherewealthisconcentrated,suchasBrazil.However,incountrieswithrelativelyflatincomedistributions,likeCroatia,pupilsfromdifferentsocialclassesaremorelikelytoattendthesameschools.Thiscouldreducetheimpactoffamilywealthontestscores.12.Whyisithardtoevaluatetheexamscoresonagloballevel?A.Becausethetypesofexamsvarywithcountries.B.Becausemanyrichcountriesrefuseregionaltests.C.Becausethewealthofacountryaffectsexamresults.D.Becausenointernationalexamisavailabletopoorareas.13.Whydidtheresearchersestablisha“RosettaStone”?A.Tointegratedifferentexamsintoacommonone.B.Toevaluatedifferentexamswithdistinctapproaches.C.Tofixthestandardoftheexamsindifferentcountries.D.Toturnscoresofdifferentexamsintoanequivalentmark.14.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Poorstudentstendtobeacademicallysuperiortorichones.B.Studentsfromrichfamilieswilldefinitelygethighergrades.C.Theinfluenceoffamilyincomeonstudentsisrelatedtocircumstances.D.Peoplewithhighsocialstatusaremorelikelytoeducatetheirchildrenprivately.15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Educationissomethingmoneycan’tbuy.B.Thewealthofacountrymattersforeducation.C.Familyincomeplaysanimportantroleineducation.D.Astatisticalmodelhelpstoevaluatetheexamscores.【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了教育資源對一個(gè)學(xué)生的成績有著至關(guān)重要的作用。哈佛大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)新研究提供了強(qiáng)有力的證據(jù)，證明一個(gè)國家的富裕程度和學(xué)生家庭的富裕程度對考試成績的影響一樣大。平均而言，富裕國家學(xué)生的考試成績遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于發(fā)展中國家學(xué)生。【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Evaluatingtestscoresaroundtheworldisharderthanitsounds.Althoughpupilsintherichworldmostlytakeoneofafewbiginternationalexams,manydevelopingcountriesrelyonregionaltests,makingapples-to-applescomparisonsimpossible.”（評估世界各地的考試成績比聽起來要難得多。盡管富裕國家的學(xué)生大多參加少數(shù)大型國際考試之一，但許多發(fā)展中國家依靠地區(qū)考試，這使得同類比較不可能。）可知，富裕國家的學(xué)生大多參加少數(shù)大型國際考試，而許多發(fā)展中國家依靠地區(qū)考試。說明不同國家的考試的方式和類型不一，使得從全球范圍評估考試成績變得不可能。選項(xiàng)A與文意相符，故選A。【13題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Itcantranslatescoresfromarangeofexams—suchasoneusedonlyinwestAfrica—intoanequalmarkonothercommoninternationaltests.”（它可以將一系列考試的分?jǐn)?shù)——例如僅在西非使用的一種考試——轉(zhuǎn)化為其他常見國際考試的同等分?jǐn)?shù)。）可知，RosettaStone可以將一系列考試的分?jǐn)?shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為其他常見國際考試的同等分?jǐn)?shù)。故選D。【14題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Theirdatashowthatthewealthofastudent’scountryandfamilyhavesimilarimpactsontestscores—meaningthatbiggapsinGDPperpersonmattermorethansmallonesinhouseholdincomedo.”（他們的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，學(xué)生所在國家和家庭的富裕程度對考試成績有相似的影響，這意味著人均GDP的巨大差距比家庭收入的小差距更重要。）最后一段“Theinfluenceofparentalearningsisnotconstant.Richpeopletendtoeducatetheirchildrenprivatelyinplaceswherewealthisconcentrated,suchasBrazil.However,incountrieswithrelativelyflatincomedistributions,likeCroatia,pupilsfromdifferentsocialclassesaremorelikelytoattendthesameschools.Thiscouldreducetheimpactoffamilywealthontestscores.”（父母收入的影響不是恒定的。富人傾向于在財(cái)富集中的地方，比如巴西，讓他們的孩子接受私人教育。然而，在收入分配相對平坦的國家，如克羅地亞，來自不同社會(huì)階層的學(xué)生更有可能上同一所學(xué)校。這可以減少家庭財(cái)富對考試成績的影響。）可知，富人傾向于在財(cái)富集中的地方，讓他們的孩子接受私人教育。在收入分配相對平坦的國家，來自不同社會(huì)階層的學(xué)生更有可能上同一所學(xué)校?？赏浦彝ナ杖氲亩嗌賹W(xué)生的影響和其所在的環(huán)境有關(guān)系。故選C?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合文章第一段中“AnewstudybyHarvardUniversityoffersstrongevidencethatthewealthofacountryaffectsexamresultsjustasmuchasthewealthofapupil’shouseholddoes.Onaverage,pupilsinwealthycountriesobtainvastlyhighertestscoresthanthoseindevelopingones.”（哈佛大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)新研究提供了強(qiáng)有力的證據(jù)，證明一個(gè)國家的富裕程度和學(xué)生家庭的富裕程度對考試成績的影響一樣大。平均而言，富裕國家學(xué)生的考試成績遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于發(fā)展中國家學(xué)生。）可知，國家富裕的程度對孩子教育的影響起著至關(guān)重要的作用。文章接下來的段落主要通過例證的方式展開論述。選項(xiàng)B符合題意，故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。CommunicatingwithNatureThenaturalworldisamazing.Infact,itisonethatyoucanhavea“conversation”with.____16____Apartfromtheobvious-thatit’sanenjoyable,upliftingthingtodo-youmayseektocommunicatewithnaturetobenefityourmentalhealth,forexample.Whenyouarriveatyourchosenspot,sitquietlyforafewmoments.____17____Justtalkinyourheadasyouwouldtosomeoneyou’reopeningaconversationwith.“Hey,I’mNikki.Howareyoudoingtoday?Doyouhavetimeforachat?”Itdoesn’tmatterwhatyousay,solongasyousayitwithanopenheart,andyoumakeitclearthatyou’reinvitingcommunication.____18____Amillionways.Youmaynoticeaparticularanimalorinsectcomingclosertoyouandcommunicatingenergetically.Youmaynoticearhythm(韻律)orapatterninthesoundofthewaterorofthewind.Bemindfulofwhat’sgoingonaroundyou,bepartofthenaturalworld——you’llsoonnoticesomanywaysinwhichyouranswersmaycome.Thefirstfewtimesyouattemptthisexercise,youprobablywon’tsee,hearornoticeanythingyouchoosetointerpretascommunication.____19____Ifyoupracticethisonaregularbasis,however,youwillstarttopickthingsup.Asyoubecomemoreandmorefamiliarwiththeonenessofyourselfandtheworldaroundyou,youwillsenseandunderstandmoreaboutwhatwilloccurduringyour“conversations”.____20____Thereshouldbesomebenefittonature,justasthereisabenefittoyou.Whenyourtimeisoverandyou’rereadytoleave,saythankyouenergeticallyandinyourmind,butalsosaythankyouinapracticalway.Leavetheareainabetterstatethanyoufoundit,forexample,bypickinguprubbishonyourwayout.A.That’sOK.Itdoesn’thappenovernight.B.Howwillyouknowifnaturerespondstoyou?C.Communicationwithnatureshouldbeatwo-waystreet.D.Andthenasktocommunicatewiththenaturearoundyou.E.Howcanyoustartcommunicatingwiththenaturalworld?F.Itjustdependsonwhatyouchooseforyour“conversation”.G.Youmaybewonderingwhyyoumightwanttocommunicatewithnature.【答案】16.G17.D18.B19.A20.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是與自然交流的好處和方法。【16題詳析】空前說“Thenaturalworldisamazing.Infact,itisonethatyoucanhavea“conversation”with.(事實(shí)上，它是一個(gè)你可以與之“交談”的對象。)”，說明我們可以和大自然交流，空后說“Apartfromtheobvious-thatit’sanenjoyable,upliftingthingtodo-youmayseektocommunicatewithnaturetobenefityourmentalhealth,forexample.(除了顯而易見的——這是一件令人愉快、令人振奮的事情——還有，例如，你可能會(huì)尋求與大自然交流，從而有益于你的心理健康。)”，這是在說與自然交流的目的，G選項(xiàng)“Youmaybewonderingwhyyoumightwanttocommunicatewithnature.(你可能想知道為什么你想和大自然交流。)”引出下文與自然交流的目的，因此承上啟下，符合語境。故選G。【17題詳析】空前說“Whenyouarriveatyourchosenspot,sitquietlyforafewmoments.(當(dāng)你到達(dá)你選定的地點(diǎn)，靜靜地坐一會(huì)兒。)”，空后說“Justtalkinyourheadasyouwouldtosomeoneyou’reopeningaconversationwith.(就像和你要開始談話的人一樣，在腦子里說話。)”，說明此處是在說與自然交流的過程，空格處應(yīng)該承接空前的內(nèi)容，說然后該怎么做，D選項(xiàng)“Andthenasktocommunicatewiththenaturearoundyou.(然后要求與你周圍的自然交流。)”是與自然交流的一個(gè)步驟，因此承上啟下，符合語境，故選D?！?8題詳析】空后說“Amillionways.Youmaynoticeaparticularanimalorinsectcomingclosertoyouandcommunicatingenergetically.Youmaynoticearhythm(韻律)orapatterninthesoundofthewaterorofthewind.(千百萬種方法。你可能會(huì)注意到一個(gè)特定的動(dòng)物或昆蟲向你靠近，并積極地交流。你可能會(huì)注意到水聲或風(fēng)聲中的節(jié)奏或模式。)”，這是在說自然回應(yīng)你的方式，因此空格處應(yīng)該是提問你如何知道自然在回應(yīng)你，B選項(xiàng)“Howwillyouknowifnaturerespondstoyou?(你怎么知道大自然對你的反應(yīng)呢？)”提出該如何知道大自然在回應(yīng)你，因此引起下文，符合語境，故選B?！?9題詳析】空前說“Thefirstfewtimesyouattemptthisexercise,youprobablywon’tsee,hearornoticeanythingyouchoosetointerpretascommunication.(在你嘗試這個(gè)練習(xí)的前幾次，你可能不會(huì)看到、聽到或注意到任何你選擇解釋為交流的東西。)”，說明剛開始你可能感覺不到你在和大自然交流，空后說“Ifyoupracticethisonaregularbasis,however,youwillstarttopickthingsup.(然而，如果你定期練習(xí)，你就會(huì)開始掌握一些東西。)”說明這是需要練習(xí)的，也就是需要時(shí)間，A選項(xiàng)“That’sOK.Itdoesn’thappenovernight.(沒關(guān)系。這不是一夜之間發(fā)生的。)”說明與自然交流是需要時(shí)間練習(xí)的，因此承上啟下，符合語境，故選A?！?0題詳析】空后說“Thereshouldbesomebenefittonature,justasthereisabenefittoyou.(對自然應(yīng)該有一些好處，就像對你有好處一樣。)”，說明與自然交流是對你和對自然都有好處的，也就是雙向的，C選項(xiàng)“Communicationwithnatureshouldbeatwo-waystreet.(與自然的交流應(yīng)該是雙向的。)”說明了與自然交流是雙向的，因此引起下文，符合語境，故選C。第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Thedaystartedoutasmanyothersbefore.Iwasalwaysinarush,alwaystryingto___21___toomuchinaday’stime.Itseemedasthoughthekidswere___22___undermyfoot.ManytimesIheardthatthesewerethe___23___daysandthatIshouldcherishthe___24___．Icouldn’tseethem,though.Iwas___25___bythelonglistofthingstodo.Awarmmorning,Itookthekidsoutsideandstarted___26___theflowerbedsasEmilyandLoganplayednearby.Iwas___27___tohaveamomenttomyselfwhilethekidswereoccupied.Itwasn’tlongbeforeI___28___thatthetwoofthemweresittingbeneathasmalltreeinthebackyard,lookingupintothe___29___andsingingasong.Wehaddubbed(把……稱為)it“TheEmilyTree”simplybecauseithadbeen___30___whenEmilywasababy.Daysand___31___hadpassed,andEmilyhadgrown___32___aswell.Shehadturnedintoabrightandcuriouschildwhowasalwayseagertolearnand___33___andhelpherlittlebrotherLogandothesame.___34___gotthebestofme,andIheadedovertoaskwhytheyweresittingthere,apparently___35___tothetinytree.Loganonly___36___,butEmilytoldmesoftlyinhermatter-of-factlittle___37___,“Youhavetospendtimewithsomethingifyouwantitto___38___niceandstrong.”Sheturnedtofinishhersong.Well,theweedsdidn’tgetpulledthatday.___39___,Iwentintothehouse,gatheredablanketandapicniclunch,and___40___mydaughterandsonundertheEmilyTree.21.A.prevent B.repeat C.accomplish D.connect22.A.once B.always C.seldom D.never23.A.longest B.noisiest C.worst D.best24.A.moments B.seconds C.dates D.years25.A.treated B.blinded C.examined D.used26.A.watering B.packing C.weeding D.decorating27.A.proud B.interested C.sad D.glad28.A.realized B.regretted C.admitted D.doubted29.A.sky B.birds C.sun D.branches30.A.placed B.planted C.produced D.built31.A.dreams B.games C.months D.persons32.A.slowly B.quietly C.suddenly D.quickly33.A.explore B.reduce C.spread D.worry34.A.Love B.Curiosity C.Courage D.Spirit35.A.waving B.listening C.singing D.whispering36.A.smiled B.sat C.played D.thought37.A.way B.voice C.sound D.sentence38.A.takeup B.lookup C.setup D.growup39.A.Instead B.However C.Therefore D.Otherwise40.A.helped B.received C.joined D.supported【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.A25.B26.C27.D28.A29.D30.B31.C32.D33.A34.B35.C36.A37.B38.D39.A40.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述作者在孩子們的影響下，暫時(shí)忘記了繁忙的生活，與孩子們一起享受當(dāng)下。【21題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我總是很匆忙，總是想在一天的時(shí)間里完成太多事情。A.prevent阻止；B.repeat重復(fù)；C.accomplish完成；D.connect連接。根據(jù)上文“Iwasalwaysinarush”可知，作者想在一天內(nèi)完成很多事，所以一直很忙。故選C項(xiàng)。【22題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：似乎孩子們總是在我腳下礙事。A.once曾經(jīng)；B.always總是；C.seldom很少；D.never從不。根據(jù)上文“Iwasalwaysinarush”可知，作者很忙，所以孩子們總是讓作者感覺被打擾。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：很多次我聽到這是最好的日子，我應(yīng)該珍惜這些時(shí)刻。A.longest最長的；B.noisiest最吵鬧的；C.worst最壞的；D.best最好的。根據(jù)下文“Ishouldcherish”可知，這里指人們說這是最好的日子，應(yīng)該珍惜。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：很多次我聽到這是最好的日子，我應(yīng)該珍惜這些時(shí)刻。A.moments時(shí)刻；B.seconds秒；C.dates日期；D.years年。根據(jù)上文“thesewerethedays”可知，這里指現(xiàn)在是最好的日子，所以要珍惜當(dāng)下時(shí)刻。cherishthemoments，表示“珍惜時(shí)刻”，與上文“thesewerethebestdays”呼應(yīng)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我被一長串要做的事情蒙蔽了雙眼。A.treated對待；B.blinded蒙蔽；C.examined檢查；D.used使用。根據(jù)上文“Icouldn’tseethem”可知，這里指瑣事蒙蔽了作者，讓作者看不到美好時(shí)刻。故選B項(xiàng)。【26題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一個(gè)溫暖的早晨，我?guī)Ш⒆觽兊酵饷?，開始給花壇除草。A.watering澆水；B.packing打包；C.weeding除草；D.decorating裝飾。根據(jù)最后一段“theweedsdidn’tgetpulled”可知，這里指作者原本打算除草。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：孩子們有事做的時(shí)候，我很高興能有片刻屬于自己的時(shí)間。A.proud驕傲的；B.interested感興趣的；C.sad悲傷的；D.glad高興的。根據(jù)下文“whilethekidswereoccupied”可知，這個(gè)時(shí)候孩子們在玩耍，作者終于可以獲得片刻寧靜，心情高興。故選D