杭十四中（康橋校區(qū)）英語學(xué)科階段測試高二年級英語學(xué)科

第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15個(gè)小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將

該項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

MyveryfirstseavoyagewasinasmallmerchantshipoutofNewYorkcalledtheAlba.Iwas12yearsoldat

thetime,andfullofdreamsofboundlessadventuresuponthehighseas.ThemomentIsteppeduponthenoisy

deck,myuncleJosephsetmestraightaboutshipboardlife.AfterJosephtoldmeabitabouttheAlba,hethensent

mebelowthedecktogetmyselfsituated.

Herewasastickyanddimlylitspacebarelytallenoughformetostandupstraightin.Itwasthemiddleof

July,andtheheatwasunbearable.Thereseemedtobenoairatall.Therecertainlywerenowindows,andthesmell

thatroseupfromthebottomwassostrongthatitmademehardtobreathe.Fromtheshadows,apairofeyes

materialized.Theybelongedtoadirtyboynoolderthanme.

“Hellomate,youmustbethenewguyjustshippedaboard.I'mNigel.Followme.We'rejustintimefor

dinner.9,Mynewfriendledmeintothetinydiningroomwherethecrewmessed.Thehorriblesmellofsomany

mentogetherwasoverpowering.

Afterdinner,Nigelshowedmeourberth.Itwasatinylightlessroomnearthebowoftheboat,barelysixfeet

longandonlyfivefeethigh.TherewasasmallareawhereIcouldpackmyclothes,andatnightwewouldstringup

ourbedssidebysidewithtwootherboys.

Thatnightwhenwewereunderway,theshipranintoaviolentAtlanticstorm.ThewavesattackedtheAlba

likeitwasatinyboat.Theshipmadesuchnoises:Iwasafraiditwouldsimplybreakapartatanymoment.AsIlay

theremiserablyrockingbackandforthinmydampbed,Iaskedmyself,“WhathaveIgottenmyselfinto?^^

1.Theunderlinedword“berth“inParagraph4mostprobablymeansonaship.

A.thebathroomB.thesleepingsectionC.thekitchenD.thelowerdeck

2.WhichparagraphdescribesthefirsttimethewritersawNigel?

A.Paragraph1.B.Paragraph2.C.Paragraph3.D.Paragraph4.

3.Inthelastsentenceofthispassage,thewritersuggeststhathe.

A.regrettedtakingthevoyageaboardtheAlbaB.hatedmakingfriendswithNigel

C.mayneverrecoverfromtheseasicknessD.shouldhaveeatenupthedishesonthevoyage

【答案】l.B2.C3.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。作者第一次海上航行是乘坐一艘從紐約出發(fā)的名叫“阿爾巴號”的小商船，但

是卻遇上了猛烈的大西洋風(fēng)暴，這讓作者非常后悔這次旅行。

【1題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段后兩句"itwasatinylightlessroomnearthebowoftheboat,barelysixfeetlongand

onlyfivefeethigh.TherewasasmallareawhereIcouldpackmyclothes,andatnightwewouldstringupourbeds

sidebysidewithtwootherboys.（那是靠近船頭的一個(gè)沒有燈光的小房間，只有六英尺長，五英尺高。有一

小塊地方我可以放衣服，晚上我們會和另外兩個(gè)男孩一起把床掛在一起。）”可知，第四段中劃線詞很可能

是指船上的臥鋪。故選B。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句""Hellomate,youmustbethenewguyjustshippedaboard.TmNigel.Follow

me.We?rejustintimefordinner.^^Mynewfriendledmeintothetinydiningroomwherethecrewmessed.（“你

好，伙計(jì)，你一定是新來的吧？我是奈杰爾。跟我來。我們正好趕上吃晚飯?！蔽业男屡笥寻盐翌I(lǐng)進(jìn)了船

員們用餐的小餐廳。廠可知，描述作者第一次見到奈杰爾是在第三段。故選C。

【3題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的“WhathaveIgottenmyselfinto?（我這是給自己惹了什么麻

煩？）”可知，在這篇文章的最后一句，作者暗示他后悔乘坐阿爾巴號航行。故選A。

B

Asmostpeopleknow,inthepastfewyears,sandstormshaveweptacrossmanycitiesandareasofNorth

China,pollutingtheairanddisturbingdailylivesofbeings.Peoplelookdirtyandsuffermanykindsofillnesses,

suchasbreathdifficulty.Thesandstormissuchaseriousproblemthatithasnotonlyweakenedtheindustrialand

agriculturaldevelopmentofourcountrybutalsocausedalotoftroubletothelivingconditionsoftheChinese

people.Itisexpectedthateffectivemeasuresbetakenassoonaspossiblethroughourjointeffortstolimitits

occurrence.

Sowhatshouldwedowiththefrighteningsandstorms?Someexpertsputforwardpracticalsuggestionsas

follows:Foronething,morefundsoughttobeputintotreeplantingandforestprotectionsoastokeepmorewater

resourceswithinthesurfaceoftheearth.Foranothergovernmentsofallcountriesshouldmakelawson

environmentalprotection.Forexample,burningtheuseofthrow-awaychopsticksandpunishingillegaltree

cutting.Scientistsshouldalsostudyandfindwaystocutdownthedegreeofitsdestructionandtoimprovethe

wholeenvironment.

Howpeoplelookforwardtosunnydayswithlittlebreeze（微風(fēng)）touchingtheirfacesnowandforever!

Nevertheless,Iamfullyconfidentthatthegoldendayscancomebacksolongaseveryonetrieshisbesttoprotect

naturalenvironmentfromtodayon.AndthefactisthatwhatIexpectisnotjustadream.Therearesomesweet

fruitsfromtheearlyefforts.

4.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Causesofsandstorms.B.Measurestopreventsandstorms.

C.Harmsdonebysandstorms.D.Areasdisturbedbysandstorms.

5.Howmanywaysdosomeexpertsputforwardtofightagainstsandstorm?

A.5B.4C.3D.2

6.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?

A.Thedamagesandstormscausecanneverbeavoided.

B.Theauthorhasconfidenceinfightingagainstsandstorms.

C.Theauthorisunsureaboutthefutureoftheenvironment.

D.Theimprovementoftheenvironmentisespeciallyrelaxing.

7.Whatwilltheauthorprobablywriteaboutinthefollowingpart?

A.Whypeopleshouldalwayscarryonwithdreams.B.Successfulexamplesofstoppingsandstorms.

C.Abrightworldwithnosandstormanymore.D.Howtorealizeourdreamstoliveahappylite.

【答案】4.C5,C6.B7.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹沙塵暴的危害和防止沙塵暴的具體措施。

【4題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第——段“Asmostpeopleknow,inthepastfewyears,sandstormshaveweptacrossmanycities

andareasofNorthChina,pollutingtheairanddisturbingdailylivesofbeings.Peoplelookdirtyandsuffermany

kindsofillnesses,suchasbreathdifficulty.Thesandstormissuchaseriousproblemthatithasnotonlyweakened

theindustrialandagriculturaldevelopmentofourcountrybutalsocausedalotoftroubletothelivingconditionsof

theChinesepeople.Itisexpectedthateffectivemeasuresbutakenassoonaspossiblethroughourjointeffortsto

limititsoccurrence.（正如大多數(shù)人所知，在過去的幾年里，沙塵暴席卷了華北的許多城市和地區(qū)，污染了

空氣，擾亂了人們的日常生活。人們看起來很臟，而且會患上很多疾病，比如呼吸困難。沙塵暴是一個(gè)嚴(yán)

重的問題，它不僅削弱了我國的工農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展，而且給中國人民的生活條件帶來了很多麻煩。希望通過我們

的共同努力，盡快采取有效措施，限制其發(fā)生。）”可知，第一段主要講述沙塵暴的危害。故選C。

【5題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Sowhatshouldwedowiththefrighteningsandstorms?Someexpertsputforward

practicalsuggestionsasfollows:Foronething,morefundsoughttbbeputintotreeplantingandforestprotection

soastokeepmorewaterresourceswithinthesurfaceoftheearth.Foranothergovernmentsofallcountriesshould

makelawsonenvironmentalprotection.Forexample,burningtheuseofthrow-awaychopsticksandpunishing

illegaltreecutting.Scientistsshouldalsostudyandfindwaystocutdownthedegreeofitsdestructionandto

improvethewholeenvironment.（那么，我們該如何應(yīng)對這些可怕的沙塵暴呢？一些專家提出了一些切實(shí)可

行的建議：一方面，應(yīng)該投入更多的資金用于植樹造林和森林保護(hù)，以使更多的水資源留在地表。另一方

面，各國政府都應(yīng)該制定有關(guān)環(huán)境保護(hù)的法律。例如，焚燒一次性筷子和懲罰非法砍伐樹木?？茖W(xué)家們還

應(yīng)該研究并找到降低其破壞程度和改善整個(gè)環(huán)境的方法。）”可知，專家提出了3條建議來降低沙塵暴的破

壞。故選C。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段uNevertheless,Iamfullyconfidentthatthegoldendayscancomebacksolongas

everyonetrieshisbesttoprotectnaturalenvironmentfromtodayon.AndthefactisthatwhatIexpectisnotjusta

dream.Therearesomesweetfruitsfromtheearlyefforts.（盡管如此,我完全相信，只要每個(gè)人從今天起盡最

大努力保護(hù)自然環(huán)境，充滿陽光好日子就會回來。事實(shí)上，我所期待的不僅僅是一場夢。早期的努力結(jié)

出了一些碩果。）”推知，作者對成功治理沙塵暴是很有信心的。故選B。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段^Nevertheless,Iamfullyconfidentthatthegoldendayscancomebacksolongas

everyonetrieshisbesttoprotectnaturalenvironmentfromtodayon.AndthefactisthatwhatIexpectisnotjusta

dream.Therearesomesweetfruitsfromtheearlyefforts.（盡管如此，我完全相信，只要每個(gè)人從今天起盡最

大努力保護(hù)自然環(huán)境，充滿陽光的好日子就會回來。事實(shí)上，我所期待的不僅僅是一場夢。早期的努力結(jié)

出了一些碩果。）”可知，作者在文章最后提出了治理沙塵暴的早起努力，所以推知文章接下來要介紹成功

治理沙塵暴的具體案例。故選B。

C

In1810,duringhisfirstGrandTourofEurope,ByroncarvedhisnameintoacolumnbaseoftheTempleof

PoseidonontheAegeancoast.AlthoughByronhimselfmightnothaveactuallywrittenthenamethatisleftthere,

thestoryhasbecomepartofthehistoryofthemonument,searchedforbyhisadmirersamongthehundredsof

othernamescarvedalloverthetemple.

Modemgraffiti,however,ismetwithaverydifferentreaction.In2014aRussiantouristwasfined€20,000

forcarvingalarge"K"onawalloftheColosseuminRome,thefifthsuchincidentthatyear.

Whatisthethinkingbehindsuchacts?Aretouristsaimingforillfametobecomepartofthemonument9s

history?Orisitsimplypartoftheexperienceofvisitingthesite?And,further,whyishistoricalgraffiti,whichwas

equallydestructive,consideredhistoricheritages?Themotivesbehindthemare,afterall,probablythesame,

however,graffiticomestotellusaboutlivesandmomentsthatmightotherwisehavebeenlost.

Theearliestgraffitiofaperson'snameonamonumenthasbeenidentifiedbythehistorianLionelCassonina

caveatWadiHammamatinEgyptin2000BC.ThenameofHenaiscutintothesandstonealongsidealistofhis

achievements.InancientGreece,too,stoas（柱廊）werethemeetingplacesofphilosophersandtheplacesfor

schoolboys9lessons.WethereforeoftenseealphabetsandHomericpoemswrittenontheirwalls.

Anditisnotjustmonumentsandbuildings:Miltiades,ageneralfromtheBattleofMarathonin490BC,

carvedhisnameintothehelmethewore.IntheAthens,too,aSpartanshield（盾）wasfoundwithwordsnotingthat

theAthenianscaptureditduringtheBattlein425BC.Withoutsuchgraffiti,theobjectswouldstillbeimpressive,

butfarlessusefulforhistorians,astheirwritingprovidesanexactoriginalplace.

Inthe21stcentury,however,withtherapidincreaseintourism,ifeveryonedecidedtoleavetheirmark,these

siteswouldbeirretrievable（不可挽回地）destroyed.PerhapsBeijing'scontroversialnewfreegraffitizoneson

certainsectionsoftheGreatWallofChinawillsatisfythedesiretocarveourownpieceofhistoryintothelimited

resourceofthemonument,thoughitseemsunlikelythatitwilleasilybecontainedtoonearea.Regardless,itis

importantthatweprotectthesemonuments一andthegraffitithatsomeofthemalreadycontain.

8.WhyisBaron'scarvinghisnameintothecolumnbasementionedinthefirstparagraph?

A.Tointroducetherelatedtopic.B.Toattractmorepeopletocopyhim.

C.Toshowhisadmirerstosearch.D.Tobecomepartofthestoryofthemonument.

9.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.ItwasactuallyByronthatwroteandcarvedhisnamethere.

B.ItwasthefifthtimethattheRussiantouristhadbeenfinedthatyear.

C.Ancientgraffitiwascarvedmorethanonmonumentsandbuildings.

D.Themotivesbehindancientandmoderngraffitiarecompletelythesame.

10.Wherewastheearliestgraffitiofaperson'snameonamonumentdiscovered?

A.InacaveinEgypt.B.InatempleontheAegeancoast.

C.OnawalloftheColosseuminRome.D.InanancientmeetingplaceinGreece.

11.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.WhatwastheEarliestGraffiti?B.WhafstheWaytoProtectGraffiti?

C.WhatCanWeLearnFromAncientGraffiti?D.WhatwastheMotivationofAncientGraffiti?

【答案】8.A9.C10.A11.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。本文提到古代涂鴉很重要，對于歷史學(xué)家考古研究具有重大意義，也更有助

于現(xiàn)代人更好地了解歷史。

【8題詳解】

推理判斷題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第三段Whatisthethinkingbehindsuchacts?Aretouristsaimingforillfameto

becomepartofthemonument'shistory?Orisitsimplypartoftheexperienceofvisitingthesite?And,further,why

ishistoricalgraffiti,whichwasequallydestructive,consideredhistoricheritages?Themotivesbehindthemare,

afterall,probablythesame,however,graffiticomestotellusaboutlivesandmomentsthatmightotherwisehave

beenlost.（這種行為背后的思想是什么？游客們是想讓惡名成為紀(jì)念碑歷史的一部分嗎？還是僅僅是參觀網(wǎng)

站體驗(yàn)的一部分？此外，為什么同樣具有破壞性的歷史涂鴉被認(rèn)為是歷史遺產(chǎn)？畢竟，涂鴉背后的動機(jī)可

能是相同的，然而，涂鴉是為了告訴我們那些可能已經(jīng)失去的生活和時(shí)刻）”可知，本文主要想討論，涂鴉

的意義，古今涂鴉的區(qū)別。由此可知，第一段提及拜倫把他的名字刻在欄基上是為了引出相關(guān)話題。故選

Ao

【9題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Theearliestgraffitiofaperson'snameonamonumenthasbeenidentifiedbythe

historianLionelCassoninacaveatWadiHammamatinEgyptin2000BC.ThenameofHenaiscutintothe

sandstonealongsidealistofhisachievements.InancientGreece,too,stoas（柱廊）werethemeetingplacesof

philosophersandtheplacesforschoolboys5lessons.WethereforeoftenseealphabetsandHomericpoemswritten

ontheirwalls.（歷史學(xué)家萊昂內(nèi)爾?卡森于公元前2000年在埃及瓦迪?哈馬馬特的一個(gè)洞穴中發(fā)現(xiàn)了紀(jì)念

碑上最早的人名涂鴉。砂巖上刻著赫那的名字，旁邊是他的成就。在古希臘，柱廊也是哲學(xué)家聚會的地

方，也是學(xué)校男孩上課的地方。因此，我們經(jīng)常在墻上看到字母和荷馬史詩）”可知，古代的涂鴉不僅雕刻

在紀(jì)念碑和建筑上，還有刻在洞穴，砂巖和學(xué)校的墻上等。故選C。

【10題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Theearliestgraffitiofaperson'snameonamonumenthasbeenidentifiedbythe

historianLionelCassoninacaveatWadiHammamatinEgyptin2000BC.（歷史學(xué)家萊昂內(nèi)爾?卡森于公元前

2000年在埃及瓦迪?哈馬馬特的一個(gè)洞穴中發(fā)現(xiàn)了紀(jì)念碑上最早的人名涂鴉）”可知，紀(jì)念碑上最早的人

名涂鴉是在埃及的一個(gè)山洞里。故選A。

【11題詳解】

主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Withoutsuchgraffiti,theobjectswouldstillbeimpressive,butfar

lessusefulforhistorians,astheirwritingprovidesanexactoriginalplace.（如果沒有這樣的涂鴉，這些物品仍然

會令人印象深刻，但對歷史學(xué)家來說卻遠(yuǎn)沒有那么有用，因?yàn)樗鼈兊奈淖痔峁┝艘粋€(gè)確切的原始位置）”可

知，古代人留下的涂鴉對于歷史學(xué)家的考古研究來說具有重大意義，這些涂鴉包含一些有用信息以供研

究，由此可知，本文主要說明了我們可以從古代涂鴉中了解到什么。由此可知，c項(xiàng)“我們能從古代涂鴉

中了解到什么？”適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。

D

Themajorityofpeopleareunabletocommittoahealthylong-termlifestyle-althoughtheyaresomehow

willingto!Thereseemstobeaparadoxhere.

Webecomemoreawareoftheimportanceofleadingahealthylifestyleonaregularbasis.Yet,wejustdon't

manageto.Wemayengageinavarietyofshort-termprojects:1-weekdetoxretreatsor1-monthseverediets.But

thebenefitstheseshort-termactivitiesproducearequicklylostaswearedraggedbacktoour"bad"habitsinthe

longer-term.Theinabilitytosticktoahealthylifestylemakesusfeelfrustratedandunhealthy.Whatisthewayout

then?

Thefirststepistounderstandtheproblemmoredeeply:Whatarethemainobstaclesofpursuingahealthy

lifestyle?Whicharethefundamentalaspectstoahealthylifestyle?Howaretheyinterconnected?Ifweunderstand

theproblemanditscomponentsmoredeeply,weareonestepclosertocomingupwithasolution.

Surveysshowhowin85%ofcasesintheUSandEurope,themainobstaclestopursuingahealthylifestyle

aretobefoundamonglackofawareness,time,self-controlandguidelines.

“Humanstendtoheavilydiscountthefuture,meaningthingsthatwehavenowaremorevaluabletousthan

thingswe'llhaveinafewyears."saidA.Braunin2019.Forthisreason,wecannotcorrectlyweighthecostsand

consequencesofchoosingunhealthyhabitstoday,andwetendtogiveintoshort-termpleasures,althoughthis

meansreducinglonger-termbenefits.

Wedeliberatelychoosetoexperienceandenjoyshort-termpleasure,mainlybecauseofastressconditionwe

mayhave,orbecauseofpersonality.Theunderlyingreasonforthesebehaviorsisprimarilystress,asneuroscience

discoveriesinfactsuggest,tcIngeneral,stressresultsinhabitbehaviorinhumans,sodealingfirstandforemost

withstressisprobablyadvisablewhenyouarelookingtomakelastingchanges.Luckily,yourbraincanchange

throughoutlife.Decreasingstresscouldfinallyhelpyourbrainbecomelesseasilyinfluencedbyhabit.^^

12.Whydopeopleengageinvariousshort-termprojects?

A.Todeleteabadhabit.B.Tokeephealthyinlifestyle.

C.Togoonaseverediet.D.Tosolvetheparadox.

13.Whatistheobstacleofpursuingahealthylifestyle?

A.Lackingenoughself-discipline.B.Gainingnorewardfromworkingout.

C.Havingnomotivewhenmakingschedules.D.Relyingontoomuchguidancefromothers.

14.ByquotingA.Braun'swordsinparagraph5,theauthorwantsto.

A.highlighttheassociationbetweenhabitsandlifestyle

B.stressthelong-termvalueofadoptinghealthyhabits

C.showatrendofpursuinglong-termpleasures

D.conveypeople'scommitmenttoahealthylifestyle

15.Whatcanwelearnaboutneurosciencediscoveries?

A.Changingbrainactivitieshelpsdecreasestress.

B.Personalitycontributestoone'sshort-termpleasure.

C.People'shabitbehaviortendstodominatetheiremotions.

D.Reducingstressisthekeytostickingtoahealthylifestyle.

【答案】12.B13.A14.B15.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了大多數(shù)人無法致力于一種健康的長期生活方式的原因以及解決

方案。

【12題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Webecomemoreawareoftheimportanceofleadingahealthylifestyleona

regularbasis.Yet,wejustdon'tmanageto.Wemayengageinavarietyofshort-termprojects:1-weekdetox

retreatsor1-monthseverediets.（我們越來越意識到定期保持健康生活方式的重要性。然而，我們就是無法做

到這一點(diǎn)。我們可能會參與各種各樣的短期項(xiàng)目：1周的排毒休養(yǎng)或1個(gè)月的嚴(yán)格飲食）”可知，人們從事

各種短期項(xiàng)目是為了保持健康的生活方式。故選B。

【13題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Surveysshowhowin85%ofcasesintheUSandEurope,themainobstaclesto

pursuingahealthylifestylearetobefoundamonglackofawareness,time,self-controlandguidelines.（調(diào)查顯

示，在美國和歐洲，85%的情況下，追求健康生活方式的主要障礙是缺乏意識、時(shí)間、自制力和指導(dǎo)方

針）”可知，追求健康生活方式的障礙是缺乏自律。故選A。

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“"Humanstendtoheavilydiscountthefuture,meaningthingsthatwehavenoware

morevaluabletousthanthingswe'llhaveinafewyears."saidA.Braunin2019.Forthisreason,wecannot

correctlyweighthecostsandconsequencesofchoosingunhealthyhabitstoday,andwetendtogiveintoshort-term

pleasures,althoughthismeansreducinglonger-termbenefits.（“人類傾向于嚴(yán)重低估未來，這意味著我們現(xiàn)在

擁有的東西比幾年后我們將擁有的東西更有價(jià)值，A.Braun在2019年說。出于這個(gè)原因，我們不能正確地

衡量今天選擇不健康習(xí)慣的代價(jià)和后果，我們傾向于屈服于短期的快樂，盡管這意味著減少長期的好處）”

推知，通過在第5段引用A.Braun的話，作者想強(qiáng)調(diào)養(yǎng)成健康習(xí)慣的長期價(jià)值。故選B。

【15題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中"Theunderlyingreasonforthesebehaviorsisprimarilystress,asneuroscience

discoveriesinfactsuggest,lcIngeneral,stressresultsinhabitbehaviorinhumans,sodealingfirstandforemost

withstressisprobablyadvisablewhenyouarelookingtomakelastingchanges."（這些行為的潛在原因主要是壓

力，正如神經(jīng)科學(xué)的發(fā)現(xiàn)實(shí)際上表明的那樣，“一般來說，壓力會導(dǎo)致人類的習(xí)慣行為，所以當(dāng)你想要做

出持久的改變時(shí)，首先處理壓力可能是可取的。"）"可知，我們能從神經(jīng)科學(xué)的發(fā)現(xiàn)中學(xué)到減少壓力是堅(jiān)

持健康生活方式的關(guān)鍵。故選D。

第二節(jié)（共5個(gè)小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選

項(xiàng)。

Everyonehasmomentsofforgetfulness（健忘）fromtimetotime,especiallywhenlifegetsbusy.16,

havingapoormemorycanbefrustrating.However,researchhasshownthattherearewaystoimproveyour

memory.

Getenoughsleep

Sleepingwellhelpsmakeepisodicmemoriesstronger.17,especiallyaboutlearningmotorskills,such

aslearningtoplayamusicalinstrumentofrideabike.C

Believetoremember

Positivethinkingappearstoimprovememoryperformance.Researchersfoundtheycouldimprovethe

performanceofpeopleaged60andaboveinmemorytestsbypresentingthemwithpositiveage-relatedwordssuch

as"wise",and"sharp-witted".18.Brainscanshaveshowndifferencesinactivitylevelsinbrainregions,

accordingtowhetherindividualsbelievetheyhavegoodrecallabilitiesornot.

19

Memoriescanbeweakenedifthebraindoesn'thaveenoughdowntimetostrengthenthem.Morethana

centuryago,Germanscientistsshowedthatpeopleperformedalmosttwiceaswellinmemorytestsiftheytook

breaks.

Staysocial

20.USscientistswhoaskedpeopleintheir50sand60stodomemorytestseveryotheryearfound

thereisaslowerdeclineinrecallabilitiesofthemostsociablepersons.Havinggoodfriends,volunteeringand

otherformsofsocialengagementalsoprotectmemory.

A.Staymentallyactive

B.Takeabreak

C.Whilethiscanbeacompletelynormalphenomenon

D.Poorsleepisthoughttohaveasignificanteffectonmemory

E.Thereisevidencethatsleepplaysanimportantroleinstrengtheningmemories

EHavinganactivesociallifedelaysmemorylossasweage

G.Givingotherswordssuchas"forgettable"and"confused"weakenedtheirperformance

【答案】16.C17.E18.G19.B20.F

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹健忘很正常及改善記憶的方法。

【16題詳解】

下文uHowever,researchhasshownthattherearewaystoimproveyourmemory.（然而，調(diào)查已經(jīng)顯示有改善

你記憶的方法。）”說明健忘屬于正?，F(xiàn)象，并且有方法可以幫助改善記憶。C項(xiàng)"Whilethiscanbea

completelynormalphenomenon（但這完全屬于正?，F(xiàn)象。）”與下文uhavingapoormemorycanbe

frustrating.n（記憶力不好會讓人沮喪。）構(gòu)成讓步關(guān)系，故選C。

【17題詳解】

上文"Sleepingwellhelpsmakeepisodicmemoriesstronger.（睡得好會幫助加強(qiáng)片段記憶。）”說明睡眠對記

憶的重要作用。E項(xiàng)uThereisevidencethatsleepplaysanimportantroleinstrengtheningmemories（有證據(jù)表

明：睡眠在加強(qiáng)記憶上起到重要作用。）”與上文內(nèi)容一致，故選E。

【18題詳解】

上文Researchersfoundtheycouldimprovetheperformanceofpeopleaged60andaboveinmemorytestsby

presentingthemwithpositiveage-relatedwordssuchas"wise",and"sharp-witted".（研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：他們可以改善

60歲人們的表現(xiàn)。通過使用與年齡相關(guān)的、積極的詞匯評價(jià)他們來提高記憶檢測水平，如聰明的、機(jī)敏

的。）”說明積極的詞匯可以幫助改善記憶。G項(xiàng)"Givingotherswordssuchas"forgettable"and"confused"

weakenedtheirperformance（說一些其他的詞，如健忘的、困惑的，這些詞會使他們的表現(xiàn)弱化。）”舉出

上文情況的反面情況，上下文內(nèi)容都是在強(qiáng)調(diào)積極評論詞匯的重要性，故選G。

【19題詳解】

下文“Morethanacenturyago,Germanscientistsshowedthatpeopleperformedalmosttwiceaswellinmemory

testsiftheytookbreaks.（100多年前，德國科學(xué)家表明：如果人們休息，那么他們在記憶測試上的表現(xiàn)幾

乎是之前的2倍好。）”說明休息對記憶的重要性。B項(xiàng)“Takeabreak（休息）”是本段的小標(biāo)題，并對

下文內(nèi)容概括總結(jié)，故選B。

[20題詳解】

下文“USscientistswhoaskedpeopleintheir50sand60stodomemorytestseveryotheryearfoundthereisa

slowerdeclineinrecallabilitiesofthemostsociablepersons.（每隔一年，美國科學(xué)家都會請年齡在50到60

歲的人做記憶檢測。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明：大多數(shù)社交型的人在回憶能力方面有更慢的降低趨勢。）”說明社交可以

減緩遺忘。F項(xiàng)"Havinganactivesociallifedelaysmemorylossasweage”（隨著我們變老，擁有積極的社

交可以延緩記憶喪失。）與下文內(nèi)容一致，說明社交對記憶的重要性，故選F。

第三部分：語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)：完形填空（共15個(gè)小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳

選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。

Whilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife,collegesetsthestage

forthatexploration.Imyselfwentthroughthis21processandfoundsomethingthathaschanged

my22atcollegeforthebetter:IdiscoveredASL-AmericanSignLanguage.

Ineverfeltan中動）to23anysignlanguagebefore.Myentirefamilyishearing,andsoareallmy

friends.The24languagewereenoughinallmyinteractions.LittledidIknowthatIwoulddiscover

my25forASL.

Thestorybeganduringmyfirstweekatcollege.IwatchedastheASLClub26theirtranslationofa

song.Boththehandmovementsandtheveryideaofcommunicatingwithoutspeaking27me.WhatIsaw

wascompletelyunlikeanythingIhadexperiencedinthe28Thisnewnessjustleftme29more.

Afterthat,feelingtheneedtoexplorefurther,IdecidedtodropinononeofASLClub'smeetings.Ionly

learnedhowto30thealphabet（字母表）thatday.Yetinsteadofbeingdiscouragedbymy31progress.I

wasexcited.Ithenmadeitapointto32thosemeetingsandlearnallIcould.

Thefollowingterm,IregisteredanASLclass.Theprofessorwasdeafandanytalkingwas33.1soon

realizedthatthesilencewasnotunpleasant.34iftherehadbeenanytalking,itwouldhavecausedusto

learnless.Now,Iappreciatethesilenceandthe35wayofcommunicationitopens.

21.A.searchingB.planningC.naturalD.formal

22.A.progressB.experienceC.advanceD.potential

23.A.chooseB.readC.learnD.create

24.A.officialB.non-verbalC.bodyD.spoken

25A.loveB.concernC.aimD.request

26.A.recordedB.detectedC.performedD.assessed

27.A.floodedB.supportedC.attractedD.embarrassed

28.A.processB.endC.distanceD.past

29.A.showingB.desiringC.claimingD.acting

30.A.printB.writeC.signD.count

31.A.obviousB.regularC.relevantD.slow

32.A.chairB.sponsorC.attendD.organize

33.A.welcomedB.availableC.repeatedD.impossible

34A.HenceB.InsteadC.NeverthelessD.Lastly

35.A.newB.quickC.popularD.easy

【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.D25.A26.C27.C28.D29.B30.C31.

D32.C33.D34.B35.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。本文講述了作者在大學(xué)學(xué)美國手語的經(jīng)歷，讓作者學(xué)會了去欣賞這種無聲的

表達(dá)方式，也讓作者開啟了新的交流方式。

[21題詳解】

考查動名詞和形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我自己也經(jīng)歷了這個(gè)尋找的過程，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些讓我在大學(xué)的經(jīng)歷變

得更好的東西：我發(fā)現(xiàn)了美國手語。A.searching搜索；B.planning計(jì)劃；C.natural自然的；D.formalIE

式的。根據(jù)前文uWhilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife,college

setsthestageforthatexploration."（雖然高中通常不鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生探索生活的新方面，但大學(xué)為這種探索奠定

了基礎(chǔ)。）大學(xué)就是一個(gè)探索的過程，為我們新的探索奠定基礎(chǔ)，因此可知，作者上大學(xué)后也經(jīng)歷了尋找

某種東西的過程。故選A。

【22題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我自己也經(jīng)歷了這個(gè)尋找的過程，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些讓我在大學(xué)的經(jīng)歷變得更好的東

西：我發(fā)現(xiàn)了美國手語。A.progress進(jìn)步，進(jìn)展；B.experience經(jīng)歷;C.advance進(jìn)步；D.potential潛力。