2025全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試（PETS）二級(jí)試卷：無(wú)人駕駛汽車英語(yǔ)試題考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、選擇題（本大題共20小題，每小題1分，共20分。每小題選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。）1.Thedevelopmentofautonomousvehicleshasbeenatopicofgreatinterestinrecentyears,largelyduetoitspotentialtorevolutionizetransportation.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheprimarygoalofautonomousvehicles?A.Toincreasethenumberoftrafficaccidents.B.Toreducetheneedforhumandrivers.C.Tomakeroadsmoredangerousforpedestrians.D.Toeliminatetheuseoftraditionalvehicles.2.Inthecontextofautonomousdriving,whatisthesignificanceofsensorfusion?A.Itincreasestheriskofhacking.B.Itcombinesdatafrommultiplesensorstoimproveaccuracy.C.Itreducestheneedforhumanintervention.D.Itmakesthevehiclemorepronetomechanicalfailures.3.Whichofthefollowingtechnologiesisessentialforenablingavehicletonavigatethroughcomplexenvironments?A.GPSalone.B.RadarandLiDAR.C.Onlyvisualcameras.D.Noneoftheabove.4.Theterm"safetyautonomylevel"refersto:A.Thelevelofsafetyavehiclecanachievewithoutanyhumanintervention.B.Thelevelofautonomyavehiclecanachievewithoutanysafetyfeatures.C.Thelevelofsafetyavehiclecanachievewithhumanintervention.D.Thelevelofautonomyavehiclecanachievewithsafetyfeatures.5.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthe"environmentalperceptionsystem"inautonomousvehicles?A.Todeterminethevehicle'sspeed.B.Toidentifyandclassifyobjectsaroundthevehicle.C.Tocalculatefuelefficiency.D.Tomanagethevehicle'sentertainmentsystem.6.Whichofthefollowingisakeychallengeinthedevelopmentofautonomousvehicles?A.Ensuringtheycandriveonalltypesofroads.B.Makingthemaffordablefortheaverageconsumer.C.Integratingadvancedsensorsandalgorithms.D.Reducingtheirenergyconsumption.7.The"pathplanning"systeminautonomousvehicles:A.Determinestheoptimalrouteforthevehicletotake.B.Controlsthevehicle'saccelerationanddeceleration.C.Managesthevehicle'sinteriortemperature.D.Adjuststhevehicle'sheadlightsbasedonambientlight.8.Whatistheroleof"vehicle-to-vehiclecommunication"(V2V)inautonomousdriving?A.Toallowvehiclestocommunicatewithpedestrians.B.Toenablevehiclestosharedatawithothervehiclesandinfrastructure.C.Toimprovethevehicle'snavigationsystem.D.Toincreasethevehicle'sspeed.9.The"autonomousdrivingstack"refersto:A.Thesetofhardwarecomponentsusedinautonomousvehicles.B.Thesequenceofprocessesandalgorithmsthatenableautonomousdriving.C.Thenetworkofsensorsandcamerasusedinautonomousvehicles.D.Thesoftwareupdatesrequiredforautonomousvehicles.10.Whichofthefollowingisakeyconsiderationinthedesignofautonomousvehicles?A.Ensuringtheycandriveinheavyrain.B.Makingthemvisuallyappealing.C.Designingthemtobeenergy-efficient.D.Ensuringtheycandriveonalltypesofterrain.11.The"self-drivingcar"isoftenreferredtoas:A.Avehiclethatrequiresnohumanintervention.B.Avehiclethatcanonlydriveinurbanareas.C.Avehiclethatisstillintheconceptstage.D.Avehiclethatisonlyforwealthyindividuals.12.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthe"brakingsystem"inautonomousvehicles?A.Toprovideentertainmentforpassengers.B.Toensurethevehiclecanstopsafely.C.Tocontrolthevehicle'sspeed.D.Tomanagethevehicle'sbatterylife.13.The"trafficlightrecognition"systeminautonomousvehicles:A.Determinestheoptimalspeedforthevehicletomaintain.B.Identifiesandinterpretstrafficlightsignals.C.Managesthevehicle'sfuelconsumption.D.Adjuststhevehicle'slightingbasedonthetimeofday.14.Whichofthefollowingisakeycomponentofthe"autonomousdrivingsoftware"?A.Thevehicle'sentertainmentsystem.B.Thesoftwarethatcontrolsthevehicle'ssensors.C.Thesoftwarethatmanagesthevehicle'sbattery.D.Thesoftwarethatprovidesnavigationupdates.15.The"human-machineinterface"(HMI)inautonomousvehicles:A.Allowspassengerstocontrolthevehicle'sspeed.B.Enablesthevehicletocommunicatewithothervehicles.C.Providesinformationtothedriverorpassengers.D.Managesthevehicle'sinteriortemperature.16.Whatisthesignificanceof"regulatoryframeworks"inthedevelopmentofautonomousvehicles?A.Theyensurethevehiclesaresafeforuse.B.Theymakethevehiclesmoreexpensive.C.Theylimittheuseofautonomousvehicles.D.Theydiscourageinnovationinautonomousvehicletechnology.17.The"autonomousdrivingtesting"process:A.Involvesdrivingthevehicleinvariousenvironments.B.Focusessolelyonthevehicle'sperformanceonhighways.C.Isonlyconductedincontrolledenvironments.D.Isnotnecessaryforautonomousvehicles.18.Whichofthefollowingisakeyconsiderationinthe"designofautonomousvehiclesystems"?A.Ensuringthevehiclecandriveinheavyfog.B.Makingthevehiclevisuallyappealing.C.Designingthesystemtobeenergy-efficient.D.Ensuringthevehiclecandriveonalltypesofroads.19.The"autonomousvehiclesensors"include:A.Onlycameras.B.Radar,LiDAR,andcameras.C.OnlyGPS.D.Onlyinfraredsensors.20.Whatistheprimarygoalof"autonomousvehiclesafetystandards"?A.Tomakeautonomousvehiclesmoreaffordable.B.Toensurethevehiclesaresafeforuse.C.Tolimittheuseofautonomousvehicles.D.Toencourageinnovationinautonomousvehicletechnology.二、填空題（本大題共10小題，每小題1分，共10分。請(qǐng)根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和上下文，在空白處填入最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。）21.Autonomousvehiclesareexpectedto______asignificantimpactonthetransportationindustry.22.The______systemisresponsiblefordetectingandidentifyingobjectsaroundthevehicle.23.______isakeychallengeinthedevelopmentofautonomousvehiclesduetothecomplexityoftrafficenvironments.24.The______ofautonomousvehiclesreferstothelevelofautonomyavehiclecanachievewithouthumanintervention.25.______communicationallowsvehiclestosharedatawithothervehiclesandinfrastructure.26.The______systemensuresthevehiclecanstopsafelywhennecessary.27.______areessentialforenablingavehicletonavigatethroughcomplexenvironments.28.The______stackincludesthesequenceofprocessesandalgorithmsthatenableautonomousdriving.29.______areakeyconsiderationinthedesignofautonomousvehiclestoensuretheyareenergy-efficient.30.______standardsarecrucialforensuringthesafetyofautonomousvehicles.三、閱讀理解（本大題共5小題，每小題2分，共10分。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀下列短文，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題。）Arecentstudyonautonomousvehicleshashighlightedtheimportanceofsensorfusioninensuringthesafetyandreliabilityofself-drivingcars.Sensorfusioninvolvescombiningdatafrommultiplesensors,suchascameras,radar,andLiDAR,tocreateacomprehensiveunderstandingofthevehicle'ssurroundings.Thistechnologyiscrucialbecausenosinglesensorcanprovideacompletepictureoftheenvironment.Forinstance,camerasareexcellentatcapturingvisualdetailsbutcanbeaffectedbypoorweatherconditions,whileradarandLiDARofferbetterperformanceinadverseweatherbutmaystrugglewithidentifyingcertainobjects.Byintegratingdatafromthesedifferentsensors,autonomousvehiclescanmakemoreaccurateandreliabledecisions,therebyenhancingsafety.21.Accordingtothestudy,whatistheprimaryadvantageofsensorfusioninautonomousvehicles?A.Itreducestheneedforhumandrivers.B.Itimprovestheaccuracyandreliabilityofenvironmentalperception.C.Itincreasestheriskofhacking.D.Iteliminatestheneedfortraditionalvehicles.22.Whyarecamerasconsideredlessreliableinpoorweatherconditions?A.Theyaremorepronetomechanicalfailures.B.Theystruggletocapturevisualdetails.C.Theyaremoreexpensivetomanufacture.D.Theyarenotdesignedtoworkincoldtemperatures.23.Whatisthemainroleofradarinautonomousvehicles?A.Toprovideentertainmentforpassengers.B.Tomanagethevehicle'sbatterylife.C.Toofferbetterperformanceinadverseweatherconditions.D.Tocontrolthevehicle'sspeed.24.Howdoessensorfusioncontributetothesafetyofautonomousvehicles?A.Itincreasesthevehicle'sspeed.B.Itallowsthevehicletocommunicatewithpedestrians.C.Itprovidesamorecomprehensiveunderstandingoftheenvironment.D.Itreducestheneedforhumanintervention.25.Whatisthekeyfindingofthestudyonautonomousvehicles?A.Autonomousvehiclesarenotsafewithouthumanintervention.B.Sensorfusionisnotnecessaryforautonomousvehicles.C.Autonomousvehiclescanrevolutionizetransportation.D.Autonomousvehiclesaretooexpensivefortheaverageconsumer.B.Thedevelopmentofautonomousvehicleshasfacednumerouschallenges,particularlyintermsofregulatoryframeworksandpublicacceptance.Oneoftheprimaryconcernsisthesafetyofthesevehicles.Whileautonomousdrivingtechnologyhasadvancedsignificantly,therearestillmanyunansweredquestionsabouthowthesevehicleswillperforminreal-worldscenarios.Regulatoryframeworksareessentialtoensurethatautonomousvehiclesmeetsafetystandardsandcanbeoperatedsafelyonpublicroads.However,theseframeworksarestillevolving,andthereisaneedformorecomprehensiveregulationstoaddresstheuniquechallengesposedbyautonomousvehicles.26.Whatisthemainconcernregardingthedevelopmentofautonomousvehicles?A.Theyaretooexpensivetoproduce.B.Theylackadvancedtechnology.C.Safetyandregulatoryissues.D.Theyarenotenergy-efficient.27.Whyareregulatoryframeworksimportantforautonomousvehicles?A.Theymakethevehiclesmoreexpensive.B.Theylimittheuseofautonomousvehicles.C.Theyensurethatautonomousvehiclesmeetsafetystandards.D.Theydiscourageinnovationinautonomousvehicletechnology.28.Whatisthecurrentstateofregulatoryframeworksforautonomousvehicles?A.Theyarefullydevelopedandcomprehensive.B.Theyarestillevolvingandneedimprovement.C.Theyarenotnecessaryforautonomousvehicles.D.Theyareonlyapplicabletotraditionalvehicles.29.Whatisthekeychallengeinpublicacceptanceofautonomousvehicles?A.Theyarenotvisuallyappealing.B.Theylackadvancedsensors.C.Safetyconcernsandregulatoryissues.D.Theyarenotenergy-efficient.30.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofautonomousvehicles?A.Theywillneverbecomemainstream.B.Theywillcontinuetofacesignificantchallenges.C.Theywillrevolutionizetransportation.D.Theywillbecometooexpensivefortheaverageconsumer.C.Theintegrationofartificialintelligence(AI)inautonomousvehicleshasbeenagame-changerinrecentyears.AIalgorithmsenablethesevehiclestolearnfromtheirenvironmentandmakedecisionsinreal-time,muchlikeahumandriver.OneofthemostsignificantbenefitsofAIinautonomousvehiclesisitsabilitytoadapttochangingtrafficconditions.Forexample,AIcanhelpavehiclerecognizeandrespondtosuddenobstaclesontheroad,adjustitsspeedbasedontrafficcongestion,andevenpredictthebehaviorofotherdrivers.Thislevelofadaptabilityiscrucialforensuringthesafetyandefficiencyofautonomousvehicles.31.HowhastheintegrationofAIimpactedautonomousvehicles?A.Ithasmadethemmoreexpensivetoproduce.B.Ithaslimitedtheirusetospecificenvironments.C.Ithasenabledthemtolearnfromtheirenvironmentandmakereal-timedecisions.D.Ithasreducedtheirenergyefficiency.32.WhatisoneofthekeybenefitsofAIinautonomousvehicles?A.Theyaremorepronetomechanicalfailures.B.Theycanadapttochangingtrafficconditions.C.Theyarenotenergy-efficient.D.Theylackadvancedsensors.33.HowdoesAIhelpautonomousvehiclesrespondtosuddenobstaclesontheroad?A.Itincreasesthevehicle'sspeed.B.Itallowsthevehicletocommunicatewithpedestrians.C.Itenablesthevehicletorecognizeandrespondtoobstacles.D.Itreducestheneedforhumanintervention.34.Whyistheabilitytoadapttochangingtrafficconditionsimportantforautonomousvehicles?A.Itincreasesthevehicle'sspeed.B.Itensuresthesafetyandefficiencyofthevehicle.C.Itmakesthevehiclemorevisuallyappealing.D.Itreducestheneedforhumandrivers.35.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofAIinautonomousvehicles?A.Itwillnotsignificantlyimpactautonomousvehicles.B.Itwillcontinuetofacesignificantchallenges.C.Itwillrevolutionizethewayautonomousvehiclesoperate.D.Itwillmakeautonomousvehiclestooexpensivefortheaverageconsumer.D.Theroleofvehicle-to-vehiclecommunication(V2V)inautonomousdrivingcannotbeoverstated.V2Vtechnologyallowsvehiclestosharedatawitheachotherandwithinfrastructure,suchastrafficlightsandroadsigns.Thiscommunicationenablesvehiclestoanticipateandrespondtopotentialhazards,improvetrafficflow,andenhanceoverallsafety.Forinstance,ifonevehicledetectsahazardahead,itcansendawarningtonearbyvehicles,allowingthemtotakeevasiveactionbeforethehazardisencountered.Thislevelofcommunicationiscrucialforensuringthesmoothandsafeoperationofautonomousvehicles.36.WhatistheprimarypurposeofV2Vcommunicationinautonomousdriving?A.Toallowvehiclestocommunicatewithpedestrians.B.Toenablevehiclestosharedatawithothervehiclesandinfrastructure.C.Toimprovethevehicle'snavigationsystem.D.Toincreasethevehicle'sspeed.37.HowdoesV2Vcommunicationimprovetrafficflow?A.Itincreasesthespeedofvehicles.B.Itallowsvehiclestosharedataandanticipatepotentialhazards.C.Itreducestheneedfortrafficlights.D.Itmakestheroadsmoredangerousforpedestrians.38.WhatisanexampleofhowV2Vcommunicationenhancessafety?A.Itallowsvehiclestocommunicatewithpedestrians.B.Itenablesvehiclestowarneachotheraboutpotentialhazards.C.Itimprovesthevehicle'snavigationsystem.D.Itincreasesthevehicle'sspeed.39.WhyisV2Vcommunicationconsideredcrucialforautonomousvehicles?A.Itmakesthevehiclesmoreexpensive.B.Itensuresthesmoothandsafeoperationofautonomousvehicles.C.Itlimitstheuseofautonomousvehicles.D.Itdiscouragesinnovationinautonomousvehicletechnology.40.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofV2Vcommunication?A.Itwillnotsignificantlyimpactautonomousvehicles.B.Itwillcontinuetofacesignificantchallenges.C.Itwillrevolutionizethewayautonomousvehiclesoperate.D.Itwillmakeautonomousvehiclestooexpensivefortheaverageconsumer.E.Thedesignofautonomousvehiclesystemsmustconsidervariousfactorstoensuretheyaresafe,efficient,anduser-friendly.Oneofthekeyconsiderationsistheenergyefficiencyofthevehicle.Autonomousvehiclesneedtobedesignedtominimizeenergyconsumptionwhilestillprovidingacomfortableandenjoyabledrivingexperience.Thisinvolvesusingadvancedtechnologies,suchasregenerativebrakingandenergy-efficientpowertrains,toreducefuelconsumption.Additionally,thedesignmusttakeintoaccounttheintegrationofvarioussensorsandsystemstoensuretheyworkseamlesslytogether.41.Whatisakeyconsiderationinthedesignofautonomousvehiclesystems?A.Ensuringthevehiclecandriveinheavyfog.B.Makingthevehiclevisuallyappealing.C.Designingthesystemtobeenergy-efficient.D.Ensuringthevehiclecandriveonalltypesofroads.42.Howcanautonomousvehiclesbedesignedtominimizeenergyconsumption?A.Byusingadvancedtechnologieslikeregenerativebraking.B.Byincreasingthevehicle'sspeed.C.Byreducingthesizeofthevehicle.D.Byusingtraditionalfuelsources.43.Whatistheimportanceofintegratingvarioussensorsandsystemsinautonomousvehicles?A.Itincreasesthevehicle'sspeed.B.Itensurestheyworkseamlesslytogether.C.Itmakesthevehiclemorevisuallyappealing.D.Itreducestheneedforhumandrivers.44.Whyisenergyefficiencyacrucialfactorinthedesignofautonomousvehicles?A.Itmakesthevehiclesmoreexpensivetoproduce.B.Itensuresacomfortableandenjoyabledrivingexperience.C.Itlimitstheuseofautonomousvehicles.D.Itreducestheneedforhumanintervention.45.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofautonomousvehicledesign?A.Itwillnotsignificantlyimpactautonomousvehicles.B.Itwillcontinuetofacesignificantchallenges.C.Itwillfocusonenergyefficiencyandseamlessintegrationofsystems.D.Itwillmakeautonomousvehiclestooexpensivefortheaverageconsumer.四、書面表達(dá)（本大題共1小題，共10分。請(qǐng)根據(jù)所給提示寫一篇短文，內(nèi)容包括所有要點(diǎn)，不得少于60詞。）YouareLiHua,aseniorstudent.Youhavebeenaskedtowriteanarticleforyourschoolmagazineaboutthepotentialbenefitsandchallengesofautonomousvehicles.Inyourarticle,includethefollowingpoints:1.Introductiontoautonomousvehiclesandtheirpotentialbenefits.2.Discussionofthechallengesfacedbyautonomousvehicles,suchassafetyconcernsandregulatoryissues.3.Personalopiniononwhetherautonomousvehicleswillbecomemainstreaminthefuture.Autonomousvehicles,alsoknownasself-drivingcars,arearevolutionarytechnologythathasthepotentialtotransformthewaywetravel.Theyoffernumerousbenefits,suchasincreasedsafety,reducedtrafficcongestion,andimprovedconvenience.However,therearealsosignificantchallengesthatneedtobeaddressed,includingsafetyconcernsandregulatoryissues.Inmyopinion,Ibelievethatautonomousvehicleswillbecomemainstreaminthefuture,butitwilltaketimeforthetechnologytomatureandforregulationstocatchup.本次試卷答案如下一、選擇題1.B解析：題干問(wèn)的是自動(dòng)駕駛汽車的主要目標(biāo)。選項(xiàng)A說(shuō)增加交通事故，這顯然與自動(dòng)駕駛的目標(biāo)背道而馳。選項(xiàng)B說(shuō)減少對(duì)人類駕駛員的需求，這正是自動(dòng)駕駛汽車的核心目標(biāo)之一，即通過(guò)自動(dòng)化技術(shù)減少人為錯(cuò)誤，提高交通安全性。選項(xiàng)C說(shuō)讓道路對(duì)行人更危險(xiǎn)，這也不是自動(dòng)駕駛的目標(biāo)。選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)消除傳統(tǒng)汽車的使用，這過(guò)于絕對(duì)，自動(dòng)駕駛是在現(xiàn)有交通系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行優(yōu)化和補(bǔ)充。所以正確答案是B。2.B解析：題干問(wèn)的是傳感器融合在自動(dòng)駕駛中的意義。傳感器融合是指將來(lái)自多個(gè)傳感器（如攝像頭、雷達(dá)、激光雷達(dá)等）的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行整合，以獲得更全面、更準(zhǔn)確的環(huán)境感知信息。選項(xiàng)A說(shuō)增加被黑客攻擊的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這并不是傳感器融合的主要意義。選項(xiàng)B說(shuō)結(jié)合多個(gè)傳感器的數(shù)據(jù)以提高準(zhǔn)確性，這正是傳感器融合的核心優(yōu)勢(shì)，可以彌補(bǔ)單一傳感器的不足。選項(xiàng)C說(shuō)減少對(duì)人類干預(yù)的需求，這只是傳感器融合帶來(lái)的一個(gè)可能結(jié)果，不是其本身的意義。選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)使車輛更容易發(fā)生機(jī)械故障，這與傳感器融合無(wú)關(guān)。所以正確答案是B。3.B解析：題干問(wèn)的是哪些技術(shù)對(duì)于讓車輛在復(fù)雜環(huán)境中導(dǎo)航至關(guān)重要。選項(xiàng)A說(shuō)只靠GPS，GPS可以在開闊地帶提供位置信息，但在復(fù)雜環(huán)境中（如城市高樓間、隧道等）信號(hào)會(huì)受干擾或丟失。選項(xiàng)B說(shuō)雷達(dá)和激光雷達(dá)，這兩種傳感器在復(fù)雜環(huán)境中表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異，雷達(dá)可以探測(cè)距離和速度，激光雷達(dá)可以精確繪制周圍環(huán)境的三維地圖，兩者結(jié)合可以提供更可靠的環(huán)境感知。選項(xiàng)C說(shuō)只有視覺攝像頭，攝像頭在光照不足、天氣惡劣或被遮擋時(shí)效果會(huì)差很多。選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)只有激光雷達(dá)，雖然激光雷達(dá)很好，但缺乏其他傳感器（如攝像頭）提供的豐富視覺信息。所以正確答案是B。4.A解析：題干問(wèn)的是“安全自主等級(jí)”指的是什么。選項(xiàng)A說(shuō)是車輛在沒有人類干預(yù)下能達(dá)到的安全等級(jí)，這符合自動(dòng)駕駛分級(jí)（如SAE標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）中關(guān)于L3及以上級(jí)別（有條件/高度/完全自動(dòng)駕駛）的定義，即車輛能在特定條件下替代人類駕駛。選項(xiàng)B說(shuō)是車輛在沒有安全功能下能達(dá)到的自主等級(jí)，這顯然不合理。選項(xiàng)C說(shuō)是車輛在有人類干預(yù)下能達(dá)到的安全等級(jí)，這與“自主”概念矛盾。選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)是車輛在有安全功能下能達(dá)到的自主等級(jí)，雖然安全功能很重要，但等級(jí)本身描述的是自主程度。所以正確答案是A。5.B解析：題干問(wèn)的是“環(huán)境感知系統(tǒng)”在自動(dòng)駕駛汽車中的主要目的。環(huán)境感知系統(tǒng)負(fù)責(zé)識(shí)別和分類車輛周圍的對(duì)象，如其他車輛、行人、交通標(biāo)志、障礙物等，這是自動(dòng)駕駛進(jìn)行決策的基礎(chǔ)。選項(xiàng)A說(shuō)是確定車輛速度，這是速度傳感器或控制系統(tǒng)的工作。選項(xiàng)B說(shuō)是識(shí)別和分類車輛周圍的對(duì)象，這正是環(huán)境感知系統(tǒng)的核心功能。選項(xiàng)C說(shuō)是計(jì)算燃油效率，這是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)控制或能量管理系統(tǒng)的工作。選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)是管理車輛的娛樂系統(tǒng)，這與環(huán)境感知無(wú)關(guān)。所以正確答案是B。6.B解析：題干問(wèn)的是自動(dòng)駕駛開發(fā)中的一個(gè)主要挑戰(zhàn)。選項(xiàng)A說(shuō)確保它們能在所有類型的道路上行駛，這是一個(gè)非常高的要求，實(shí)際中很難完全實(shí)現(xiàn)，但不是最核心的挑戰(zhàn)。選項(xiàng)B說(shuō)讓它們對(duì)普通消費(fèi)者來(lái)說(shuō)買得起，成本高昂是阻礙自動(dòng)駕駛普及的一個(gè)非常關(guān)鍵的現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)C說(shuō)集成先進(jìn)的傳感器和算法，這是技術(shù)本身的要求，雖然復(fù)雜但不是最大的障礙。選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)降低它們的能源消耗，雖然重要但相比成本問(wèn)題可能不是首要挑戰(zhàn)。所以正確答案是B。7.A解析：題干問(wèn)的是自動(dòng)駕駛中的“路徑規(guī)劃”系統(tǒng)的作用。路徑規(guī)劃系統(tǒng)負(fù)責(zé)根據(jù)當(dāng)前位置、目的地、實(shí)時(shí)交通狀況、道路限制等因素，計(jì)算出一條安全、高效、合規(guī)的行駛路線。選項(xiàng)A說(shuō)確定車輛的最佳路線，這正是路徑規(guī)劃的核心任務(wù)。選項(xiàng)B說(shuō)控制車輛的加減速，這是車輛運(yùn)動(dòng)控制或驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的工作。選項(xiàng)C說(shuō)管理車輛的內(nèi)部溫度，這是空調(diào)或暖通系統(tǒng)的工作。選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)根據(jù)環(huán)境光調(diào)整車燈，這是燈光控制系統(tǒng)的工作。所以正確答案是A。8.B解析：題干問(wèn)的是“車輛到車輛通信”（V2V）在自動(dòng)駕駛中的作用。V2V技術(shù)允許車輛之間直接交換信息，如位置、速度、行駛方向、意圖等。選項(xiàng)A說(shuō)讓車輛能與行人通信，主要是車輛到行人通信（V2P）的范疇。選項(xiàng)B說(shuō)讓車輛能與其它車輛和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施共享數(shù)據(jù)，這正是V2V的主要目的，可以增強(qiáng)態(tài)勢(shì)感知，提前預(yù)警危險(xiǎn)。選項(xiàng)C說(shuō)改善車輛的導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，導(dǎo)航主要依賴GPS和地圖，V2V提供的是實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)信息。選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)提高車輛速度，V2V不直接控制速度。所以正確答案是B。9.B解析：題干問(wèn)的是“自動(dòng)駕駛堆?！敝傅氖鞘裁??！白詣?dòng)駕駛堆棧”是一個(gè)常用的術(shù)語(yǔ)，通常指實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)駕駛功能所需的一系列軟件層面和組件的分層結(jié)構(gòu)，從底層的數(shù)據(jù)輸入（傳感器）到高層的決策和控制。選項(xiàng)A說(shuō)是使用的硬件組件，硬件是基礎(chǔ)，但堆棧主要指軟件層面。選項(xiàng)B說(shuō)是實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)駕駛的進(jìn)程和算法序列，這符合自動(dòng)駕駛堆棧的定義，通常包括感知、規(guī)劃、控制等分層。選項(xiàng)C說(shuō)是使用的傳感器和攝像頭網(wǎng)絡(luò)，這只是感知層的一部分。選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)是需要自動(dòng)駕駛車輛進(jìn)行的軟件更新，軟件更新是維護(hù)手段，不是堆棧本身。所以正確答案是B。10.C解析：題干問(wèn)的是自動(dòng)駕駛車輛設(shè)計(jì)中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵考慮因素。選項(xiàng)A說(shuō)確保能在大雨中行駛，雖然天氣適應(yīng)性重要，但不是設(shè)計(jì)的首要核心。選項(xiàng)B說(shuō)讓車輛外觀吸引人，外觀設(shè)計(jì)是重要，但不是技術(shù)核心。選項(xiàng)C說(shuō)設(shè)計(jì)得節(jié)能，能源效率對(duì)于續(xù)航里程和運(yùn)營(yíng)成本至關(guān)重要，是自動(dòng)駕駛車輛設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵考慮點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)確保能在所有地形行駛，雖然越野能力是某些車型的需求，但并非所有自動(dòng)駕駛車輛都必須考慮。所以正確答案是C。11.A解析：題干問(wèn)的是“自動(dòng)駕駛汽車”通常被稱為什么。選項(xiàng)A說(shuō)是不需要人類干預(yù)的汽車，這正是自動(dòng)駕駛的核心特征，即車輛能在特定條件下完全或部分替代人類駕駛員。選項(xiàng)B說(shuō)是只能在城市區(qū)域駕駛的汽車，這是不準(zhǔn)確的，自動(dòng)駕駛車輛可以在多種場(chǎng)景下運(yùn)行。選項(xiàng)C說(shuō)是仍處于概念階段的汽車，很多自動(dòng)駕駛汽車已經(jīng)存在或接近商業(yè)化。選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)是只有富裕人才買得起的汽車，價(jià)格是因素，但不是定義。所以正確答案是A。12.B解析：題干問(wèn)的是自動(dòng)駕駛汽車“剎車系統(tǒng)”的主要目的。剎車系統(tǒng)是車輛安全系統(tǒng)的核心，其基本功能是保證車輛在需要時(shí)能夠安全、可靠地減速或停止。選項(xiàng)A說(shuō)是為乘客提供娛樂，這與剎車系統(tǒng)無(wú)關(guān)。選項(xiàng)B說(shuō)是確保車輛能安全停止，這是剎車系統(tǒng)的根本目的。選項(xiàng)C說(shuō)是控制車輛速度，雖然剎車是減速，但控制系統(tǒng)更全面。選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)是管理電池壽命，這是電池管理系統(tǒng)的工作。所以正確答案是B。13.B解析：題干問(wèn)的是自動(dòng)駕駛汽車中的“交通信號(hào)識(shí)別”系統(tǒng)的作用。交通信號(hào)識(shí)別系統(tǒng)負(fù)責(zé)檢測(cè)車輛前方的交通信號(hào)燈，并識(shí)別其顏色和狀態(tài)（紅、黃、綠），以便車輛根據(jù)信號(hào)做出合規(guī)的行駛決策（停車或通行）。選項(xiàng)A說(shuō)是確定車輛的最佳速度，這是基于信號(hào)燈狀態(tài)和其他因素綜合決定的，但不是識(shí)別系統(tǒng)本身的作用。選項(xiàng)B說(shuō)是識(shí)別和解釋交通信號(hào)燈，這正是該系統(tǒng)的核心功能。選項(xiàng)C說(shuō)是管理車輛燃油效率，這與交通信號(hào)識(shí)別無(wú)關(guān)。選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)是根據(jù)時(shí)間調(diào)整車燈，這是燈光控制系統(tǒng)的工作。所以正確答案是B。14.B解析：題干問(wèn)的是自動(dòng)駕駛汽車“軟件”的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵組成部分。自動(dòng)駕駛軟件包含多個(gè)子系統(tǒng)，其中控制傳感器（如攝像頭、雷達(dá)、激光雷達(dá)等）運(yùn)行的軟件是感知層的關(guān)鍵部分，負(fù)責(zé)處理傳感器數(shù)據(jù)并生成環(huán)境模型。選項(xiàng)A說(shuō)是娛樂系統(tǒng)，這是車載娛樂系統(tǒng)的工作。選項(xiàng)B說(shuō)是控制傳感器運(yùn)行的軟件，這是感知子系統(tǒng)的重要組成。選項(xiàng)C說(shuō)是管理電池的軟件，這是電池管理系統(tǒng)的工作。選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)是提供導(dǎo)航更新的軟件，這是地圖和導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的工作。所以正確答案是B。15.C解析：題干問(wèn)的是自動(dòng)駕駛汽車中“人機(jī)界面”（HMI）的作用。HMI是人與自動(dòng)駕駛系統(tǒng)交互的接口，它向駕駛員或乘客提供車輛狀態(tài)信息（如速度、續(xù)航里程、導(dǎo)航路線等），并接收用戶的指令（如設(shè)置目的地、切換駕駛模式等）。選項(xiàng)A說(shuō)是讓乘客控制車速，在較高級(jí)別自動(dòng)駕駛中，HMI可能減少對(duì)速度的直接控制，但主要還是信息顯示和有限交互。選項(xiàng)B說(shuō)是讓車輛與其他車輛通信，這是V2V技術(shù)的工作。選項(xiàng)C說(shuō)是向駕駛員或乘客提供信息，這是HMI的主要功能之一。選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)是管理車內(nèi)溫度，這是空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的工作。所以正確答案是C。16.A解析：題干問(wèn)的是自動(dòng)駕駛汽車“監(jiān)管框架”的重要性。監(jiān)管框架是指政府或相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)制定的規(guī)則、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范，用于管理自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)的研發(fā)、測(cè)試、生產(chǎn)和應(yīng)用，其核心目的是確保這些新技術(shù)在公共道路上的安全性和可靠性。選項(xiàng)A說(shuō)是確保車輛符合安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這準(zhǔn)確反映了監(jiān)管框架的主要作用。選項(xiàng)B說(shuō)讓車輛更貴，監(jiān)管可能會(huì)增加成本，但這不是主要目的。選項(xiàng)C說(shuō)限制車輛使用，監(jiān)管旨在規(guī)范而非完全禁止。選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)阻礙技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，好的監(jiān)管應(yīng)促進(jìn)負(fù)責(zé)任的創(chuàng)新。所以正確答案是A。17.A解析：題干問(wèn)的是自動(dòng)駕駛汽車“測(cè)試”過(guò)程。自動(dòng)駕駛測(cè)試是一個(gè)在真實(shí)或模擬環(huán)境中驗(yàn)證車輛性能、安全性和可靠性的關(guān)鍵過(guò)程，需要在不同天氣、路況、交通條件下進(jìn)行大量行駛測(cè)試。選項(xiàng)A說(shuō)涉及在各種環(huán)境中駕駛車輛，這準(zhǔn)確描述了自動(dòng)駕駛測(cè)試的實(shí)踐。選項(xiàng)B說(shuō)只在高架上測(cè)試，這是不全面的。選項(xiàng)C說(shuō)只在受控環(huán)境中測(cè)試，雖然模擬測(cè)試很重要，但真實(shí)世界測(cè)試必不可少。選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)測(cè)試不是必要的，這是錯(cuò)誤的，測(cè)試是確保安全的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。所以正確答案是A。18.C解析：題干問(wèn)的是自動(dòng)駕駛車輛系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵考慮。設(shè)計(jì)自動(dòng)駕駛系統(tǒng)時(shí)，能效（能源效率）是一個(gè)非常重要的考慮因素，關(guān)系到車輛的續(xù)航里程、運(yùn)營(yíng)成本和環(huán)保性能。選項(xiàng)A說(shuō)確保能在濃霧中駕駛，雖然環(huán)境適應(yīng)性重要，但不是設(shè)計(jì)的首要核心。選項(xiàng)B說(shuō)讓車輛外觀好看，外觀設(shè)計(jì)是重要，但不是技術(shù)核心。選項(xiàng)C說(shuō)設(shè)計(jì)得節(jié)能，提高能效是自動(dòng)駕駛車輛系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵考量之一。選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)確保能在所有道路上行駛，雖然通用性是目標(biāo)，但不是設(shè)計(jì)的首要核心。所以正確答案是C。19.B解析：題干問(wèn)的是自動(dòng)駕駛汽車“傳感器”包括哪些?，F(xiàn)代自動(dòng)駕駛汽車通常使用多種傳感器以獲得更全面、更可靠的環(huán)境信息，常見的組合包括攝像頭（提供視覺信息）、雷達(dá)（探測(cè)距離和速度）和激光雷達(dá)（提供高精度三維環(huán)境地圖）。選項(xiàng)A說(shuō)只有攝像頭，這不全面。選項(xiàng)B說(shuō)雷達(dá)、激光雷達(dá)和攝像頭，這是目前最主流和有效的傳感器組合。選項(xiàng)C說(shuō)只有GPS，GPS主要用于定位，不能直接感知周圍環(huán)境。選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)只有紅外傳感器，紅外傳感器有應(yīng)用，但不是主要組合。所以正確答案是B。20.B解析：題干問(wèn)的是自動(dòng)駕駛汽車“安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”的主要目標(biāo)。自動(dòng)駕駛安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的主要目的是建立一套規(guī)范和準(zhǔn)則，以確保自動(dòng)駕駛系統(tǒng)在各種預(yù)期和非預(yù)期情況下都能達(dá)到足夠的安全水平，保護(hù)乘客、其他道路使用者和公眾的安全。選項(xiàng)A說(shuō)是讓自動(dòng)駕駛汽車更便宜，價(jià)格可能受標(biāo)準(zhǔn)影響，但不是主要目標(biāo)。選項(xiàng)B說(shuō)是確保車輛使用安全，這準(zhǔn)確反映了安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的核心目的。選項(xiàng)C說(shuō)是限制自動(dòng)駕駛汽車的使用，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是為了規(guī)范和保障，不是限制。選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)是鼓勵(lì)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)促進(jìn)負(fù)責(zé)任的創(chuàng)新，但安全是首要前提。所以正確答案是B。二、填空題21.revolutionize解析：句意是自動(dòng)駕駛汽車預(yù)計(jì)要對(duì)交通運(yùn)輸行業(yè)產(chǎn)生什么影響?！皉evolutionize”意思是“使徹底變革”，符合自動(dòng)駕駛汽車可能帶來(lái)的巨大變革性影響。22.perception解析：句意是感知系統(tǒng)的作用是檢測(cè)和識(shí)別車輛周圍的對(duì)象?！皃erception”意思是“感知”，指環(huán)境感知系統(tǒng)。23.sensorfusion解析：句意是自動(dòng)駕駛開發(fā)中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵挑戰(zhàn)是什么?！皊ensorfusion”意思是“傳感器融合”，指整合多種傳感器數(shù)據(jù)，以應(yīng)對(duì)復(fù)雜環(huán)境。24.autonomylevel解析：句意是自動(dòng)駕駛的“自主等級(jí)”指的是什么?！癮utonomylevel”意思是“自主等級(jí)”，指車輛在沒有人類干預(yù)下能實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能級(jí)別。25.vehicle-to-vehicle解析：句意是“車輛到車輛通信”允許車輛做什么?！皏ehicle-to-vehicle”意思是“車輛到車輛”，即V2V通信。26.braking解析：句意是剎車系統(tǒng)的作用是什么?！癰raking”意思是“剎車”，指車輛的制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。27.sensors解析：句意是什么對(duì)于讓車輛在復(fù)雜環(huán)境中導(dǎo)航至關(guān)重要?！皊ensors”意思是“傳感器”，指各種探測(cè)環(huán)境信息的設(shè)備。28.stack解析：句意是“自動(dòng)駕駛堆?！笔鞘裁??！皊tack”意思是“堆棧”，指實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)駕駛功能的分層軟件結(jié)構(gòu)。29.energyefficiency解析：句意是自動(dòng)駕駛車輛設(shè)計(jì)中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵考慮是什么?！癳nergyefficiency”意思是“能源效率”，指節(jié)能性。30.safety解析：句意是自動(dòng)駕駛汽車“安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”的重要性是什么?！皊afety”意思是“安全”，指保障安全。三、閱讀理解21.B解析：根據(jù)短文第一段，“Sensorfusioninvolvescombiningdatafrommultiplesensors...tocreateacomprehensiveunderstandingofthevehicle'ssurroundings.”傳感器融合通過(guò)結(jié)合多個(gè)傳感器的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)創(chuàng)建對(duì)車輛周圍環(huán)境的全面理解，從而提高準(zhǔn)確性和可靠性。所以正確答案是B。22.B解析：根據(jù)短文第一段，“camerasareexcellentatcapturingvisualdetailsbutcanbeaffectedbypoorweatherconditions...”攝像頭在捕捉視覺細(xì)節(jié)方面很出色，但在惡劣天氣條件下效果會(huì)差很多。所以正確答案是B。23.C解析：根據(jù)短文第一段，“radaroffersbetterperformanceinadverseweatherconditions”雷達(dá)在惡劣天氣條件下表現(xiàn)更好。所以正確答案是C。24.C解析：根據(jù)短文第一段，“Byintegratingdatafromthesedifferentsensors,autonomousvehiclescanmakemoreaccurateandreliabledecisions,therebyenhancingsafety.”通過(guò)整合不同傳感器的數(shù)據(jù)，自動(dòng)駕駛車輛可以做出更準(zhǔn)確、更可靠的決定，從而提高安全性。所以正確答案是C。25.C解析：根據(jù)短文第一段，“Autonomousvehiclesareexpectedto______asignificantimpactonthetransportationindustry.”文中提到自動(dòng)駕駛汽車預(yù)計(jì)要對(duì)交通運(yùn)輸行業(yè)產(chǎn)生重大影響。所以正確答案是C。26.C解析：根據(jù)短文第二段，“Theprimaryconcernisthesafetyofthesevehicles.”這些車輛的主要擔(dān)憂是安全性。所以正確答案是C。27.C解析：根據(jù)短文第二段，“Regulatoryframeworksareessentialtoensurethatautonomousvehiclesmeetsafetystandardsandcanbeoperatedsafelyonpublicroads.”監(jiān)管框架對(duì)于確保自動(dòng)駕駛車輛符合安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并在公共道路上安全運(yùn)行至關(guān)重要。所以正確答案是C。28.B解析：根據(jù)短文第二段，“Regulatoryframeworksarestillevolving,andthereisaneedformorecomprehensiveregulationstoaddresstheuniquechallengesposedbyautonomousvehicles.”監(jiān)管框架仍在發(fā)展演變中，需要更全面的法規(guī)來(lái)解決自動(dòng)駕駛帶來(lái)的獨(dú)特挑戰(zhàn)。所以正確答案是B。29.C解析：根據(jù)短文第二段，“Safetyconcernsandregulatoryissues.”安全問(wèn)題和監(jiān)管問(wèn)題。所以正確答案是C。30.B解析：根據(jù)短文最后一句，“Whileautonomousdrivingtechnologyhasadvancedsignificantly,therearestillmanyunansweredquestionsabouthowthesevehicleswillperforminreal-worldscenarios.”盡管自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)取得了顯著進(jìn)步，但關(guān)于這些車輛在實(shí)際場(chǎng)景中的表現(xiàn)仍有許多未解之謎。暗示了未來(lái)仍面臨挑戰(zhàn)。所以正確答案是B。31.C解析：根據(jù)短文第三段，“AIalgorithmsenablethesevehiclestolearnfromtheirenvironmentandmakedecisionsinreal-time,muchlikeahumandriver.”AI算法使這些車輛能夠從環(huán)境中學(xué)習(xí)并在實(shí)時(shí)中做出決定，就像人類駕駛員一樣。所以正確答案是C。32.B解析：根據(jù)短文第三段，“OneofthekeybenefitsofAIinautonomousvehiclesisitsabilitytoadapttochangingtrafficconditions.”AI在自動(dòng)駕駛汽車中的一個(gè)主要好處是它能適應(yīng)不斷變化的交通狀況。所以正確答案是B。33.C解析：根據(jù)短文第三段，“AIcanhelpavehiclerecognizeandrespondtosuddenobstaclesontheroad”AI可以幫助車輛識(shí)別并對(duì)道路上的突發(fā)障礙物做出反應(yīng)。所以正確答案是C。34.B解析：根據(jù)短文第三段，“Thislevelofadaptabilityiscrucialforensuringthesafetyandefficiencyofautonomousvehicles.”這種適應(yīng)能力對(duì)于確保自動(dòng)駕駛車輛的安全和效率至關(guān)重要。所以正確答案是B。35.C解析：根據(jù)短文第三段，“AIwillrevolutionizethewayautonomousvehiclesoperate.”AI將改變自動(dòng)駕駛車輛的操作方式。所以正確答案是C。36.B解析：根據(jù)短文第四段，“V2Vtechnologyallowsvehiclestosharedatawitheachotherandwithinfrastructure”V2V技術(shù)允許車輛之間以及與基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施共享數(shù)據(jù)。所以正確答案是B。37.B解析：根據(jù)短文第四段，“Thiscommunicationenablesvehiclestoanticipateandrespondtopotentialhazards,improvetrafficflow”這種通信使車輛能夠預(yù)見并應(yīng)對(duì)潛在危險(xiǎn)，改善交通流量。所以正確答案是B。38.B解析：根據(jù)短文第四段，“ifonevehicledetectsahazardahead,itcansendawarningtonearbyvehicles,allowingthemtotakeevasiveactionbeforethehazardisencountered.”如果一輛車檢測(cè)到前方的危險(xiǎn)，它可以向附近的車輛發(fā)送警告，讓它們?cè)谖ｋU(xiǎn)發(fā)生前采取避讓行動(dòng)。所以正確答案是B。39.B解析：根據(jù)短文第四段，“V2Vcommunicationallowsvehiclestosharedataandanticipatepotentialhazards,improvingoverallsafety”V2V通信允許車輛共享數(shù)據(jù)并預(yù)見潛在危險(xiǎn)，從而提高整體安全性。所以正確答案是B。40.C解析：根據(jù)短文第四段，“Thislevelofcommunicationiscrucialforensuringthesmoothandsafeoperationofautonomousvehicles.”這種通信級(jí)別對(duì)于確保自動(dòng)駕駛車輛的順利和安全運(yùn)行至關(guān)