Unit4Friendsforever

---Attributiveclauses

(Usinglanguage)1.Whoishe?HeisYuanLongping.2.Whatishisprofeesion?Heisascientist.1930-2021Heisagreatscientist.1.Canyouusesomewordstodescribehim?Heisaworld-famousscientist.Heisanoutstandingscientist.HeisaChinesescientist.Heisarespectablescientist.Whatarethese?定語

漢語中的定語

男孩聰明的男孩

戴著帽子的男孩

那個正在吃冰激凌的男孩形容詞作定語短語作定語句子作定語定語的位置：漢語中的定語都放在名詞的前面標(biāo)志詞：“的”

英語中的定語

boysmartboy

the

boywithahat

theboywhoiseatingicecream形容詞作定語短語作定語句子作定語定語的位置：短前長后句子作定語，修飾名詞或代詞,叫定語從句。Biancaisateacher

whoteachesusEnglish.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when,why先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句的其它部分Theman

who/thatisholdingricecropsinhishandis

YuanLongping.先行詞：關(guān)系代詞:

who/that在從句中作主語themanwho/thatThemanisholdingricecropsinhishand先行詞：scientist關(guān)系代詞:who/that

who/that在從句中作主語YuanLongpingisaChinesescientist

who/thatcanplayviolin.Thescientistcanplayviolin.YuanLongpinghasacat

which/thathasbeenaccompanyinghimfor10years.先行詞：cat關(guān)系代詞:which/that

which/that在從句中作主語Thecathasbeenaccompanyinghimfor10years.空后是謂語動詞(be動詞，情態(tài)動詞，have/hasdone,助動詞do，動詞)缺主語Theman

whomweseeinthepictureisYuanLongping.先行詞：theman關(guān)系代詞:whomwhom在從句中作賓語weseethemaninthepicture空后的謂語動詞與先行詞有動賓關(guān)系，作賓語YuanLongpingisaChinesescientistwhoselifegoalistohelpallpeoplestayawayfromhunger.定語先行詞：scientist關(guān)系代詞:whosewhose在從句中作YuanLongpinghasacat

whosenameisHuahua.先行詞：cat關(guān)系代詞:whosewhose在從句中作定語空后的名詞與先行詞有所屬關(guān)系，填whoseThesearethetrees____________weplantedlastyear.先行詞是人whowhomwhose

that

which先行詞是物Thesearethestudents__________

wonthefirstplacelastyear.引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞who/thatwhich/that空后是謂語動詞(be動詞，情態(tài)動詞，have/hasdone,助動詞do,動詞)缺主語空后的謂語動詞與先行詞有動賓關(guān)系，缺賓語1.Themanwho/thatcametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which/that)youboughtyesterday.()主語賓語定語賓語指出關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中的成份定語從句做題方法一、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)(判斷主句與從句)

先確定句子中是否有兩個句子成分，一個是主句，一個是定語從句。二、找先行詞并確定先行詞的特點

先行詞是人還是物

三、分析從句成分確定定語從句中所缺的成分是主語、賓語、定語還是狀語等.

指人：

缺主語可填who/that.

缺賓語可填who/that/whom(只做賓語）.空前有介詞只填whom.

指物：一般情況下可填which/that.空前有介詞只填which.

即學(xué)活用單句語法填空/完成句子①Mathewsaidsuccessbelongstothose_____

nevergiveupandhaveideas.②(2023·全國乙卷)Thecolorshechosecameinaboxwhichhadapictureofa

woman_______haircolorlookedjustperfect.③(2023·全國乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace___________

welcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife.④IgotintouchwithMichael_______________

Ihavebeenlosingcontactwithforone

year.⑤我真的很想找一個可以完全信任的朋友。I’dreallyliketofindafriend__________________________________.

whowhose

that/whichwhom/that/whowho/whom/thatIcantrustcompletely三、關(guān)系代詞只用that而不用which的情況1.當(dāng)先行詞為all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much等不定代詞或先行詞被這些詞修飾時。*Doyouhaveanything

thatyouwanttosayforyourself?你有什么要為自己說的嗎?2.當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。*Thisisthe

bestwaythathasbeenusedagainstpollution.這是已經(jīng)用過的抗污染的最好的辦法。*Thistrainisthe

first

thatwillgotoSuzhou.這是去蘇州的第一趟火車。3.當(dāng)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast修飾時。The

onlythingthatwecandois(to)giveyousomemoney.

我們唯一能做的事情就是給你一些錢。4.先行詞中既有人又有物時。*Doyouknowthe

persons

and

things

thattheyaretalkingabout?你知道他們正在談?wù)摰娜撕褪聠?5.當(dāng)主語是以who或which開頭的疑問句時,為避免重復(fù)而用that。*Whichisthebikethatyoulost?哪輛是你丟的自行車?*Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?贏得金牌的那個男孩是誰?6.當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作表語時。*Shanghaiisnolongerthe

city

thatitusedtobe.上海不再是過去的那座城市了。四、關(guān)系代詞不用that的情況1.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句(人:who;物:which)。*Football,whichisaninterestinggame,ispopulararoundtheworld.足球是一項有趣的運動,在世界范圍內(nèi)都很受歡迎。2.當(dāng)關(guān)系詞前面有介詞時(人:whom;物:which)。*ThisisthehouseinwhichMrWuoncelived.這是吳先生曾住過的房子。*OnewriterinwhomIhadtakenaninterestwasO.Henry.一位令我產(chǎn)生興趣的作家是歐·亨利。3.用who不用that的情況。當(dāng)先行詞(指人)為anybody,anyone,nobody等不定代詞時。*Isthereanyoneinourclasswhoisgoodatsinging?我們班里有沒有擅長唱歌的?1.Thisisthehotel__________IstayedatwhenIwastravellinghere.2.Heisamanfrom________weareallreadytolearn.3.Itisthemostamazingbuilding______Daminghasseeneversincehecamehere.4.Sheisoneofthegirls________havepassedtheexam.5.Theyplantedsometrees__________didn'tneedmuchwater.6.Shewoulddoanything_______couldhelphermotherrecoverfromthedisease.7.Italkedwiththeman_________housewasdestroyedintheflood.8.Anyone______hashelpedtorescuethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.9.Theboyandthedog________areinthepicturelookverylovely.Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空that/whichwhomthatwho/thatwhich/thatthatwhosewhothat即學(xué)活用單句語法填空①Friendsusuallygettogetherandtalkaboutthethingsandpersons_____

theyare

interestedin.②Heistheonlyoneofthestudents_________

knowsthetruth.③Waterisreallycrucialtoushumanbeings,without_______

wecouldn’tlive.④Thelastplace_____

wevisitedwasChaoshanCustomMuseum.⑤(2022·全國乙卷)May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,______

wasnamedofficiallybytheUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.

thatwho/thatwhichthatwhich五、as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句1.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,常指代整個主句或主句的部分內(nèi)容。2.as的位置靈活。3.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,as常譯為“正如”,表示依據(jù)、評論、態(tài)度等。如:asweknow=asisknowntoall;asweallcansee;asisoftenthecase;asmightbeexpected;asyoucanimagine;ashasbeensaidbefore/mentioned*Science,as

you

know,playsanimportantpart.=As

you

know,scienceplaysanimportantpart.=Scienceplaysanimportantpart,as

you

know.眾所周知,科學(xué)起著重要作用。when1.Istillrememberthedaywhen

IfirstcametoGuiping.2.You’veenteredintoanage

whenknowledgemakesyourich.當(dāng)先行詞是表示_____的名詞(如

time,day,year,month,week等),且從句缺少狀語時，定語從句用when引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系副詞

when

在定語從句中充當(dāng)_________。關(guān)系副詞的選擇時間時間狀語1.ThisisthetownwhereLiHuawasborn.2.Keepthebooksinaplacewhereyoucanfindthemeasily.當(dāng)先行詞是表示_____的名詞(如place,room,airport等)，且從句缺少狀語時，定語從句用where引導(dǎo).關(guān)系副詞

where

在定語從句中充當(dāng)________。where地點關(guān)系副詞的選擇地點狀語1.Theyhavereachedthepoint______theyhavetobreakupwitheachother.2.It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation________theycanseethemsevesdifferently.除地點名詞后，where

還可用于case,condition,example,situation,stage,point,system,atmosphere,position等表示抽象地點的名詞前。wherewhere1.Hedidn’ttellmethereason

whyhewaslateyesterday.2.Thisisthereason

whyhegaveuptryingintheend.當(dāng)先行詞是表示原因的名詞_______，且從句缺狀語時，定語從句用why引導(dǎo)，且只能引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句。關(guān)系副詞

why

在定語從句中充當(dāng)________。whyreason關(guān)系副詞的選擇原因狀語先行詞關(guān)系副詞所做成分表時間的名詞when時間狀語表地點/抽象地點的名詞where地點狀語表原因的名詞(reason)why原因狀語Summary關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)分

作狀語時，用關(guān)系副詞when/where/why引導(dǎo)；作主語或賓語時，用關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)。

Thisisthereason______Ididn’tcome.

Thereason___________shegavewasnottrue.whywhich/thatExercise1.Istillrememberthetime______wefirstmeteachother.2.Istillremeberthetime__________wespenttogether.whenwhich/that3.Thisistheplace___________wevisitedlasttime.4.Thisistheplace_________heusedtowork.which/thatwhere5.Iwon’tbelievethereason___________youhavegivenme.6.Thisisthereason_______shecried.that/whichwhy做題方法——如何選擇關(guān)系詞：1.定位先行詞及緊隨其后的定從；2.判斷定從所缺成分缺主賓定—關(guān)系代詞

（先行詞：人/物？）缺狀語—關(guān)系副詞

（