Unit 33InteriorDesigninAugmentedRealityEnvironmentText ThisarticlepresentsanapplicationofAugmentedRealitytechnologyforinteriordesign.Plus,anEducationalInteriorDesignProjectisreviewed.Alongwiththedramaticprogressofdigitaltechnology,virtualinformationtechniquesarealsorequiredforarchitecturalprojects.Thus,thenewtechnologyofAugmentedRealityoffersmanyadvantagesfordigitalarchitecturaldesignandconstructionfields.ARisalsobeingconsideredasanewdesignapproachforinteriordesign.InanARenvironment,thevirtualfurniturecanbedisplayedandmodifiedinreal-timeonthescreen,allowingtheusertohaveaninteractiveexperiencewiththevirtualfurnitureinareal-worldenvironment.Here,ARenvironmentisexploitedasthenewworkingenvironmentforarchitectsinarchitecturaldesignworks,andthentheycandotheirworkconvenientlyassuchcollaborativediscussionthroughARenvironment.Finally,thisstudyproposesanewmethodforapplyingARtechnologytointeriordesignwork,whereausercanviewvirtualfurnitureandcommunicatewith3Dvirtualfurnituredatausingadynamicandflexibleuserinterface.Plus,allthepropertiesofthevirtualfurniturecanbeadjustedusingocclusion-basedinteractionmethodforaTangibleAugmentedReality.Text1.INTRODUCTION Visualizinghowaparticulartableorchairwilllookinaroombeforeitisdecoratedisadifficultchallengeforanyone.Hence,AugmentedReality(AR)technologyhasbeenproposedforinteriordesignapplicationsbyfewpreviousauthors,forexample,Koller,C.Wooward,A.Petrovski;K.Hirokazu,etal.TherelateddevicestypicallyincludedataglassesconnectedtoaportablePC(Head-mounteddisplay-HMD).Plus,variouslightweightsolutionsusingaPDAdevicehasbeenproposedbytheAugmentedRealityTeaminFindland.However,thesedevicesarerightnotcommonlyavailablefornon-professionalusers. Accordingly,thispaperpresentsanaugmentedrealitysystemfordesigning、educating、presentinginteriordesignprojectsusingoverlaidvirtualfurnitureinaphysicalenvironmentbasedonaregularPChomesystem.Trackingmarkersareplacedonthefloorsorwallstodefinethescaleandcoordinatesystemoftheroom.Next,theuserselectsvirtualfurnitureonthescreenandplacesitinthedesignspace.IntheARscene,the3Dvirtualfurnitureisintegratedintoarealenvironmentandcanbearrangedalongsiderealfurniture.Experimentsareimplementedusingbasichomecomputerequipment,includingaPC,HMD(orwebcamera),andprinter.Asaresult,itishopedthatthepropo-Text-sedsystemwillallowabroadrangeofusers.Whilesomesimilarsystemshavealreadybeenpresentedbyanotherresearchgroup,thesystemproposedinthispaperincludesadditionalfunctionsfortheuserinterfaceandanimprovedimplementation.Forexample,theusercaninteractwithvirtualfurnitureusingaTangibleAugmentedRealityinrealtime,andchangethecolor,style,orcoveringoffurnitureinarealenvironment.Therefore,thisallowscomplexandvarieddesignstobeexploredandvisualized,makingARtechnologyforinteriordesignaccessibletobothprofessionalsandamateurs.2.AUGMENTEDREALITY-NEWRESEARCHAPPROACHFORARCHITECTURE AugmentedRealitytechnology AugmentedReality(AR)isanewtechnologythatinvolvestheoverlayofcomputergraphicsontherealworld.Asaresult,theusercanseetherealworldaugmentedwithvirtualobjectsandcaninteractwiththem.Withinamoregeneralcontext,ARisalsotermedMixedReality(MR),referringtoamulti-axisspectrumofareasthatcoverVirtualReality(VR),AugmentedReality(AR),telepresence,andotherrelatedtechnology(Figure1).Figure1 PaulMilgram’sReality-Virtualcontinuum.Text AugmentedRealitysystemscombinedigitalinformationandtherealworldinawaythattheuserexperiencesthemasone.AparticularlyimportantpropertyofARislocatingvirtualobjectsintherightplaceandposition,whichmakestheTrackingSystemoneofthemostimportantcomponentsofanARsystem. Essentially,anARsystemmustbeabletofollowtheuser’spointofviewdynamicallyandkeepvirtualobjectsalignedwithrealworldobjects.ThebasiccomponentsofanARsystemareadisplay,cameraforgraphiccaptures,andcomputerinstalledapplicationsoftware,plusvariousdifferentkindsofhardwarecanbeused,forexample,cameraphones,PDAs,lap-tops,HMDs,andwearablecomputersystems.Typically,anARToolKitlibraryisusedtodeterminetherelationbetweentherealandvirtualworld.TheARToolKitusesacomputervisiontechniquetodefinethepositionandorientationoftherealcameraviewpointrelativetoarealworldmarker.Next,theARToolKitdefinesandcalculatesthepositionofthevirtualcoordinates.Basedonaconcurrenceofvirtualandrealcameracoordinates,thecomputergraphicsarethendrawnasanoverlayonafiducialmarkerscard.Asaresult,theuserexperiencesavideosee-throughaugmentedrealityonthePCscreenormorelivelyimpressionbyHMDs(Kato,H.2001andHITLabWashingtonUniversity).TextAlthoughAugmentedRealityhasonlybeenstudiedforonedecade,thegrowthandprogressinthepastfewyearshavebeenremarkable.Assuch,ARtechnologyhasmanypossibleapplicationsacrossawiderangeoffields,includingentertainment,education,medicine,military,training,engineeringandmanufacturing.Itisalsoexpectedthatotherpotentialareasforapplicationwillstillappearwiththedisseminationofthistechnology.Duringtheearlystages,themainfocusofARdevelopmentwasrelatedtoHardwaretechnologyratherthanusability.However,therapiddevelopmentofmobile(handheld)withbetterprocessingcapacitiesandlong-lastingbatterieshasraisedtheissueoflightweightmobileARsystems.Thus,mobileARdevicesarenowoneofthemostpromisingemergingtechnologies.Similarly,theproposedsystemwasalsodesignedtoappealtoabroaderrangeofusersbasedontheuseofaregularPCandHMD.3.INTERIORDESIGNINDIGITAL

ENVIRONMENT

3.1 Propertiesofinteriordesign Inthecaseofinteriordesign,thedesigneressentiallyappliesthethreebasicprinciplesofinteriordesign:color,scale,andproportionwithinapredeterminedspace.Thus,theproposedARsy-Text-stemisfocusedongivingtheusertheflexibilitytodesignusingthesethreebasicprinciples.Therefore,intheproposedAenvironment,theuserisabletoadjustthepropertiesofvirtualfurnitureandcreatedifferentarrangementsinarealenvironment.

3.2Systemdesign Forimplementation,twoseparatemodulesweredeveloped:oneforcreatingandmanagingthe3Ddatabase,andtheotherfordisplaying.First,CADapplicationsextractinformationfromadrawingandlinkittoadatabase.Forthegivenspace,geometricalinformationisthenextractedfromathree-dimensionaldatabaseoffurniture.Afterloadingthegeometries,thepositionanddirectionoftheviewsfortheuserarecalculatedbasedondatamarkertracking.Simultaneously,thelocation-anddirection-basedgeometrydataaretransformedusingtransformationmatricestoproduceimagesthatalignbesideotherobjectsintherealview.Assuch,thepositiontrackerandorientationtrackerareimportantelementsofARsystemsandthedevelopmentARtechnology.summariesthetrackinganddisplayprocess.ThepropertiesofthefurnituregraphicsaresavedinadatabasegeneratedbyaCADapplication,e.g.3DSMaxsoftware,whileOpenGLrendersthefinalgraphics.Plus,anARToolKitsoftwarelibraryisusedtocalculatethe3Dpositionsandorientationsofthevirtualfurniture.Text

3.3Software CADapplicationshandlethemanagementofthebuildinggeometrydataandlinkittoadatabase.Next,theARsoftwareretrievesanddisplaysthepositionandorientationdatainthedefinedenvironment.The3DSMaxorotherBuildingInformationModelling(BIM)applications.areusedasthebasicsoftwarefortheCADapplicationsandalsoprovidescustomizedsupportforARToolKit-2.72.1.The3DSMax(andothers)producesaVRMLfileofamodelwhichhasatype.wrlextension.AnARToolKitlibrarythenassumestheroleofbuildingtheARapplication.OneofthekeydifficultiesinvolvedindevelopinganARapplicationistrackingtheuser’sviewpoint.Inordertodeterminewhichviewpointtousetoalignthevirtualimagerywithreal-worldobjects,theARapplicationfirstneedstodeterminetheviewpointoftheuserintherealworld. ARToolKitsoftwareusescomputervisionalgorithmstosolvethisproblem.AnARToolKitvideotrackinglibrarydefinesthevirtualcamerapositionandorientationrelativetophysicalmarkersinrealtime.TheARToolKitlibrary-theproductofHITLabNZ-isthenusedtodisplaythevirtualobjects.Text ThisresearchexaminedvirtualfurnitureandadjustmentworktocreateanewdesignmethodusingAugmentedRealitytechnologyforInteriorDesigneducation.Inparticular,ARtechnologyopensupmanynewresearchfieldsinengineeringandarchitecture.InanARenvironment,designworkcanbecomemorelively,convenient,andintelligent.Plus,designworkandmanufacturingcanbeconductedatthesametimeandwecloserelationshipwitheachother.WithAR,thevirtualproductsofgraphictechnologyarenotonlyforsimulationbutalsoobtainrealhighervalues.Furthermore,ARtechnologycanbecomeanewanimatedsimulationtoolforinteriordesign,allowingtheusertoseeamixedARscenethroughHMD,videodisplay,orPDA.Itisalsoanticipatedthattheinteractivepotentialcanbeincreasedaccordingtotheuser’sneeds.exploited vt.開采；開拓；剝削decorated vt.裝飾；點(diǎn)綴；粉刷overlay v.在…上鋪或蓋；撒滿，遮掩；制作 照相地圖，覆蓋graphics n.制圖學(xué)；制圖法；圖表算法components n.成分；零件；adj.組成的；合成的； 構(gòu)成的；成分的see-through adj.透明的，極薄的n.透視裝manufacture n.制造業(yè)，工業(yè)flexibility n.柔韌性，機(jī)動(dòng)性，靈活性；伸縮性； 可塑度；柔度principles n.原則，原理；準(zhǔn)則，道義；道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；本能capacity

n.容量；才能；性能；生產(chǎn)能力database

n.數(shù)據(jù)庫；資料庫；信息庫geometrical

adj.幾何的，幾何學(xué)的；幾何圖案的；

成幾何級(jí)數(shù)增加的three-dimensional

adj.三維的；立體的；空間的；三度orientation

n.方向，定位，取向，排列方向property

n.房地產(chǎn)；財(cái)產(chǎn)；所有權(quán)；特性calculatevt.預(yù)測(cè)，推測(cè)vt.&vi.計(jì)算；估計(jì)；打算Modelling

模化；模型化；造型Algorithm

n.運(yùn)算法則；演算法；計(jì)算程序Graphic

adj.圖解的，用圖表示的；用文字表示

的；形象的，生動(dòng)的anticipated

vt.預(yù)感；預(yù)見；預(yù)料；先于…行動(dòng)NewWordsandPhrasesNotes（1）Alongwiththedramaticprogressofdigitaltechnology,virtualinformationtechniquesarealsorequiredforarchitecturalprojects.Thus,thenewtechnologyofAugmentedRealityoffersmanyadvantagesfordigitalarchitecturaldesignandconstructionfields. 隨著數(shù)字技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展，建筑工程也需要虛擬信息技術(shù)。因此，新增的實(shí)體技術(shù)為數(shù)字建筑設(shè)計(jì)和施工領(lǐng)域提供了許多優(yōu)勢(shì)。（2）Visualizinghowaparticulartableorchairwilllookinaroombeforeitisdecoratedisadifficultchallengeforanyone. 在裝修前想象一個(gè)特定的桌子或椅子在房間里的樣子，對(duì)任何人來說都是一個(gè)困難的挑戰(zhàn)。（3）Trackingmarkersareplacedonthefloorsorwallstodefinethescaleandcoordinatesystemoftheroom.Next,theuserselectsvirtualfurnitureonthescreenandplacesitinthedesignspace. 跟蹤標(biāo)記放置在地板或墻壁來定義房間的規(guī)模和坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)。接下來，用戶在屏幕上選擇虛擬家具放置在設(shè)計(jì)空間中。Notes（4）Whilesomesimilarsystemshavealreadybeenpresentedbyanotherresearchgroup,thesystemproposedinthispaperincludesadditionalfunctionsfortheuserinterfaceandanimprovedimplementation. 與另一個(gè)研究小組已經(jīng)提出其他一些類似系統(tǒng)做比較，本文提到的該系統(tǒng)包括用戶界面、升級(jí)軟件使用等方面的附加功能。（5）Inthecaseofinteriordesign,thedesigneressentiallyappliesthethreebasicprinciplesofinteriordesign:color,scale,andproportionwithinapredeterminedspace. 在室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，設(shè)計(jì)師會(huì)主要運(yùn)用室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)的三個(gè)基本原則：顏色，規(guī)模，和目標(biāo)空間的比例。1.Forimplementation,twoseparatemodulesweredeveloped:oneforcreatingandmanagingthe3Ddatabase,andtheotherfordisplaying,asshowinbelowfigure.2.Afterloadingthegeometries,thepositionanddirectionoftheviewsfortheuserarecalculatedbasedondatamarkertracking.Simultaneously,thelocation-anddirection-basedgeometrydataaretransformedusingtransformationmatricestoproduceimagesthatalignbesideotherobje