Unit 30AnalysisofConstructionTechnologyText Withthereformandopeningup,China'srapideconomicandsocialdevelopment,astrongimpetustoChina'surbanizationprocess,andtheincreasingscaleofconstructionintheoverallconstructionoftheconstructionprocess,avarietyoftechniquesandmethodsofconstructionanddesignwholebuildingsareanimportantimpact,sotakereasonableandeffectiveformofconstructiontechniquesandconstructionofbuildingscangreatlyimprovetheoverallqualityandeffectivelyshortentheconstructionperiod. Modernbuildingtechnologydevelopmentandapplication,tothedevelopmentofChina'sconstructionindustryhaveinjectednewvigorandvitality.

Articleonbuildingtechnologyinearthworkconstructiontechnology,architecturalprecastconcretepilesofhigh-techtechnologyandlowcarbonbuildingtechnology,etc.carriedoutadetailedexpositionandanalysis.

Aconstructionengineeringearthworksconstructiontechnologyinconstructionearthworksincludingallsoilexcavation,fillingandtransportationprocessesanddrainage,precipitation,soilwallsupportandancillaryworksandotherpreparatorywork.Mostcommonearthworksincludingsitepreparation,pit(trench)excavation,floorfilling,roadbedconstructionandexcavationbackfill,etc.Text Designelevationgeneralrequirements:largeprojectsusuallyhavetodeterminesitedesignplaneforgroundleveling.groundlevelingistotransformthenaturalgroundintopeoplerequiredplane.venuedesignelevationshouldmeetplanning,productionprocessesandtransport,drainageandthehighestfloodlevelrequirements,andstrivetomakethevenuebalancedandearthworkcutandfillearthworkminimum.designelevationdeterminationmethod:generalmethodssuchasvenuerelativelyflat,theelevationofthesitedesignwithoutspecialrequirements,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofequalcutandfillearthworksitedesignelevationtodeterminetheactualengineeringofthecalculateddesignelevation,thefollowingfactorsshouldbeconsideredtobeadjusted,thecompletionofthisworkearthworkcalculationafterconsideringsoileventuallyloosesex,youneedacorrespondingincreaseinthedesignelevationtoreachtheearthworkoftheactualbalanceoftheprojectssoilorengineeringwithsoil,acorrespondingincreaseordecreasethedesignelevation,accordingtotheeconomicresultsofthecomparison,suchastheuseoff-sitesoilorspoiltheconstructionprogram,youshouldconsiderthuscausingchangesintheamountofearthwork,theneedtodesignelevationadjustment.adjustmentPlaneSiteDesignworkisalsoheavy,suchasmodifyingthedesignelevationshallberecalculatedearthworksvolume.Text Twoprecastconcretepileconstructiontechnologyinmodernarchitecturalprojects,multi-storeybuildingsgenerallybettertousemorelocally-basednaturalshallowfoundation,itlowcost,simpleconstruction,ifthesoilisweaknaturallight,canbemechanicalpressurereal,dynamiccompaction,preloading,deepmixing,chemicalmethodssuchasartificialreinforcementreinforcement,formanartificialfoundation.Pilingpreparatoryworkbefore:beforepilingthefollowingpreparations:Clearhindertheconstructionoftheabove-groundandundergroundobstructions,flatconstructionsitepositioningactinomycetes,setthepowersupply,watersupplysystems,installationpilingmachines.pileaxisoftheanchorpointandstandardpointsshouldbesetupwithoutpilingontheimpactofthelocation,levelofnotlessthantwosetpointsinthethenbeabletochecktheconstructionprocessdeviationpileandpileembeddeddepth.pilingtechniquesbelow. Hammersinplace,itwillliftthepilehammerandpilecap,andthenhangingpileandsenttotheguiderod,theverticalalignmenttosendthenextpileslowlyintothesoil,verticaldeviationmaynotexceed0.5%,andthenfixedpilecapandpilehammer,makingpiles,pilecaps,pilehammeronthesameverticalline,toensurethatthepilecanbeverticalsinkinginthepilehammerandpilecapsshouldbeaddedbetweentheflexibleliner,pilecapandpilearoundfourweeksshouldbe5~10mmgap,topreventdamagetopofthepile,pilingstarts,thehammershouldfallawayfromthesmallpiletobeburiedtoacertaindepthandstable,andthenfallfromthehammeringrequired.Textusesingle-actionsteamhammerorhammerpiling,themaximumdropdistanceshouldnotbemorethan1m,dieselhammer,hammerbeatingnormallyshouldbemadeinthepilingprocess,incaseofpenetrationupheaval,pilesuddentilt,shiftorseriousrebound,orthetopofthepilepilesevereabnormalitiessuchascracksorbroken,itshouldbesuspendedpiling,timelystudytreatment,suchaspiletopelevationbelowthenaturalsoilsurface,youneedtousetosendpilepipeintothesoilwhenthepile,pileandpiledeliverytubelongitudinalaxisofthelineshouldbeinthesameline,pulloutthedeliverypipepileafterpileholeshouldbebackfilledorcapped,thenpilepilemulti-section,canbeweldedorflangedanchor.Currentlythemostwidelyusedweldingthenpile.Thenpilepre-buriedironsurfaceshouldbeclean,theupperandlowersectionsifthegapbetweentheapplicationpileinfillweldmetalplates,weldingseamshouldbecontinuousandfull,andtakemeasurestoreducetheweldingdeformation.Thenpile,theupperandlowersectionsofpilecenterlinedeviationofnotmorethan10mm,nodebendingvectorheightnotgreaterthan1‰pilelength.Pilingqualitycontrol:qualitychecksincludingpilespilingdeviation,thelastpilepenetrationandelevation,topofthepile,thepileisbrokeandrightwithoutcausingseriousharmtothesurroundingenvironment.pileverticaldeviationshouldbecontrolledwithin1%,flatpositiontolerance,forthebuildingfoundation,singleordoublerowpilestripperpendiculartothestrippilethelongitudinalaxisof100mm,andparalleltothelongitudinaldirectionofthepilestrip150mm,thenumberofpilespile1to3inthepileof100mm,andthepileof4to16inthepileofpile1/3diameteror1/3sidelength,numberofpilesgreaterthan16inthepileoutermost1/3diameteror1/3side,themiddlepileof1/2diameterorsidelength.Text Carbonbuildingconstructiontechnologyreferstoalow-carbonbuildingmaterialsandequipmentmanufacturingconstruction,constructionanduseofthebuildingthroughoutitslifecycle,reducefossilenergyuse,improveenergyefficiencyandreducecarbondioxideemissions.Currentlylowcarbonbuildingconstructionindustryhasgraduallybecomethemainstreamoftheinternationaltrend.'low-carbonbuilding'low-carbonbuildingastructuredsystem,groundsourceheatpumpsystem,smartwiringdistributionsystems,solarintegratedutilization,energysavingwindowsanddoors,rainwatercollectionandutilizationofwateruseotherlow-carbontechnologies.Carbonbuildingtechnologynotonlycansignificantlyreduceenergyconsumption,whileallowingconstructionofcarbonemissionslevelsbyabout50%.Carbonbuildingsaremainlythefollowingtechniquesformsofexternalenergy-savingtechnologies:compositetechnologyenclosingwallinsulation,thermalinsulationandouterattachedsandwichinsulationlayerthree,sandwichinsulationpracticeofusingmorecountriesinEurope,mostlyusedoutsidewithfoampolystyreneboardpracticesinGermany,externalinsulationconstructionaccountedfor80%oftotalconstruction,ofwhich70%areusedfoamTextpolystyreneboard,doorsandwindowssavingtechnology:insulatingglass,coatedglass(includingreflectiveglass,heat-absorbingglass)highstrengthLOW2Efireglass,vacuummagnetronsputteringmethodusingmetallicsilverlayercoatedglassandthemostspecialsmartglass,roofsavingtechnologies:theuseofsmarttechnology,eco-energysavingbuildingtechnologytoachievetheaspirations,suchasroofsandsolarcollectorscanbecontrolledventilatedroofs.Coolingandlightingisamajorpartofbuildingenergyconsumption,suchastheuseofground(water)sourceheatpumpsystem,replacementoffreshairsystems,radiantfloorheating,newenergydevelopmentandutilizationof:solarwaterheaters,photovoltaicroofpanels,photovoltaicwallpanels,Opticalvisor,photovoltaicspandrel,optoelectronicandphotovoltaicglasscurtainwallskylight. ConclusionInsummary,withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,therewillbemoreexcellentmaterialsandadvancedconstructiontechniquestobeappliedtomodernconstructionworkswereinthenewsituation,weshouldadheretoscientificandtechnologicalinnovationtoachievebetterBuildingTechnologyDevelopmentforChina'sconstructionbusinessandmakeduecontributions,inadditiontomoreemphasisonresearchanddevelopmentandpromotetheuseoflow-carbonbuildings.dynamic adj.動(dòng)態(tài)的，動(dòng)力的compaction n.壓緊preload vt.預(yù)加載，預(yù)先加壓anchor adj.固定的alignment n.校準(zhǔn)，結(jié)盟tilt vi.傾斜，翹起longitudinal adj.長(zhǎng)度的，縱向的vector n.矢量vacuum adj.真空的magnetron n.磁控管radiant adj.輻射的NewWordsandPhrasesNotes（1）Accordingtotheeconomicresultsofthecomparison,suchastheuseoff-sitesoilorspoiltheconstructionprogram,youshouldconsiderthuscausingchangesintheamountofearthwork,theneedtodesignelevationadjustment.adjustmentPlaneSiteDesignworkisalsoheavy,suchasmodifyingthedesignelevationshallberecalculatedearthworksvolume. 根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)比較結(jié)果，如采用場(chǎng)外取土或棄土的施工方案，則應(yīng)考慮因此引起的土方量的變化，需將設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)高進(jìn)行調(diào)整。場(chǎng)地設(shè)計(jì)平面的調(diào)整工作也是繁重的，如修改設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)高，則須重新計(jì)算土方工程量。（2）Hammersinplace,itwillliftthepilehammerandpilecap,andthenhangingpileandsenttotheguiderod,theverticalalignmenttosendthenextpileslowlyintothesoil,verticaldeviationmaynotexceed0.5% 打樁機(jī)就位后，將樁錘和樁帽吊起，然后吊樁并送至導(dǎo)桿內(nèi)，垂直對(duì)準(zhǔn)樁位緩緩送下插入土中，垂直度偏差不得超過(guò)0.5%（3）Carbonbuildingconstructiontechnologyreferstoalow-carbonbuildingmaterialsandequipmentmanufacturingconstruction,constructionanduseofthebuildingthroughoutitslifecycle,reducefossilenergyuse,improveenergyefficiencyandreducecarbondioxideemissions.低碳建筑是指在建筑材料與設(shè)備制造、施工建造和建筑物使用的整個(gè)生命周期內(nèi)，減少化石能源的使用，提高能效，降低二氧化碳排放量。Notes（4）Coolingandlightingisamajorpartofbuildingenergyconsumption,suchastheuseofground(water)sourceheatpumpsystem,replacementoffreshairsystems,radiantfloorheating,newenergydevelopmentandutilizationof:solarwaterheaters,photovoltaicroofpanels,photovoltaicwallpanels,Opticalvisor,photovoltaicspandrel,optoelectronicandphotovoltaicglasscurtainwallskylight. 制冷和照明是建筑能耗的主要部分，如使用地（水）源熱泵系統(tǒng)、置換式新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)、地面輻射采暖；新能源的開(kāi)發(fā)利用：太陽(yáng)能熱水器、光電屋面板、光電外墻板、光電遮陽(yáng)板、光電窗間墻、光電天窗以及光電玻璃幕墻等。（5）ConclusionInsummary,withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,therewillbemoreexcellentmaterialsandadvancedconstructiontechniquestobeappl