TheIntroductionofWindowsXP

WhatIsWindowsXP?

WindowsXPisthelatestdesktopversionofMicrosoft’sWindowsseriesofprograms.It’stheupgradetotheconsumerversionsofWindows(95,98,andMe)aswellastothebusiness,server,andpoweruserversions(WindowsNTand2000).1Windowsisanoperatingsystem,aprogramthatmanagesyourentirecomputersystem,includingitsscreen,keyboard,diskdrives,memory,andcentralprocessor.Windowsalsoprovidesa

graphicaluserinterface,orGUI,whichenablesyoutocontrolyourcomputerbyusingamouse,windows,andicons.Youcanalsousethekeyboardtogivecommands;thisbookdescribesbothmethods.

VersionsofWindowsXPandWindows2002

Foryears,MicrosofthasproducedtwoeditionsofWindows,onefordesktops(thatis,forindividualusers,includingforuseonlaptops)andoneforservers(computersthatprovideservicesovernetworks).2ThedesktopversionswereWindows3.1,95,98,andMe,andwereintendedforworkstationuse—thatis,oncomputersthatpeopleuseddirectly.TheserverversionswereWindowsNT4,NT5,and2000,andwereintendedforuseonservers(computersthatprovideservicestoothercomputersonanetwork)aswellasforhigh-endusers.

WindowsXPisdesignedtoworkforindividualsandpowerusers,andcomesinitiallyinthreeversions:HomeEdition(forhomeandsmalloffices),Professional(foroffices),and64bitEdition(fortechnicalworkstationsthatusetheIntelItaniumCPU).Attheendof2001,MicrosoftplanstoreleasetwomoreeditionsofWindowsXP,renamedWindows.NET:Windows.NETServerandAdvancedServer(forservermachinesonsmallandlargenetworks).IfyouplantousetheWindows.NETServerorAdvancedServerversions,referto《Windows.NETServerandAdvancedServer:TheCompleteReference》byKathyIvens,(Osborne/McGrawHill,2001).TheMicrosoftWebsitecontainsdetailsaboutWindowsXPat/windowsxp.

YoucanupgradetoWindowsXPfromWindows98orMe,oryoucandoa“cleaninstall”toreplaceanypreviousversionofWindowsonyourcomputer.YoucanalsobuyacomputerwithWindowsXPpreinstalled.OnceWindowsXPisinstalled,youcanrunWindowscompatibleapplicationprograms(programsforgettingrealworldworkdone).3WindowsXPcomesbundledwithmanyprograms,mostofwhicharen’tactuallypartoftheoperatingsystem,includingInternetconnectionsoftware(dial-upconnections),ane-mailprogram(OutlookExpress),aWebbrowser(InternetExplorer),asimplewordprocessingprogram(WordPad),aninstantmessagingprogram(WindowsMessenger),localnetworksupport,utilitiesthathelpwithharddiskhousekeeping,anddozensofotherprograms.

WhatHardwareDoYouNeed?

WindowsXPrequiresthefollowingcomputerhardware:

·APentiumⅡ,PentiumⅢ,Celeron,compatible,orbetter

CPUrunningataspeedofatleast300MHz.

·Atleast64MBofRAMmemory(althoughMicrosoftrecommendsatleast128MB—it’snotreliablewithonly64MB).

·Aharddiskwithatleast2GBtotalspacewithatleast650

MBfree,dependingonwhichoptionsyouchoosetoinstall.

(Youmayneedmorefortemporaryfiles.)

·ACDROMorDVDdrivefromwhichtoinstallWindowsandothersoftware.

·Amonitor,keyboard,andmouseorotherpointingdevices.

·IfyouplantolistentosoundsplayedbyWindowsandother

programs,youneedasoundboardandspeakersattachedto

yourcomputer.Toparticipateinvoiceorvideochats,you

needamicrophoneordigitalvideocamera,too.

·IfyouplantouseyourcomputertoconnecttotheInternet,

youneedadial-up-modem

andaregularphoneline,an

ISDNmodemandanISDNline,aDSLmodemandaDSL

line,acablemodemandacableconnection,oralocalarea

networkconnection.NewWordsenablevt.①使能夠，使成為可能，使實現(xiàn)；②為……提供方法(或機會條件)；③授予……權(quán)利，批準(zhǔn)，許可iconn.圖標(biāo)laptopadj.放在膝上使用方便的；n.膝上計算機，便攜機intendvt.①想要，打算，計劃；②打算使……(成為)；③(為……而)準(zhǔn)備high-endadj.高層次的，高檔的individualadj.①個人的，個體的，供一個人用的，個別的，單獨的；②獨特的，個性的，個人(或個別事物)特有的initiallyadv.最初，開始releasevt.①釋放，解放；②放開，放松，放出；③使免除(解除，擺脫)refervt.①把……歸諸，認(rèn)為……起源(于)；②把……歸類(于)，把…歸屬(于)；③把……提(轉(zhuǎn))交，委托preinstallvt.預(yù)安裝compatibleadj.①可和諧共存的，可和諧相處的；②相合適的，相協(xié)調(diào)的，一致的；③兼容的instantadj.①緊迫的，刻不容緩的；②立即的，即刻的n.①(某一)時刻；②瞬息，頃刻utilityn.①使用軟件；②效用，功用，實用，功利temporaryadj.暫時的，臨時的，一時的participatevi.①參與，參加；②分享，分擔(dān)；③含有，帶有PhrasesandExpressions

aswellas①除……之外(也)，和；②與……一樣(程度)at(the)least至少，無論如何，不管怎樣TheExplanationofDifficultStatements

1．Windowsisanoperatingsystem,aprogramthatmanagesyourentirecomputersystem,includingitsscreen,keyboard,diskdrives,memory,andcentralprocessor.

分析：that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞aprogram,that在從句中作主語。

句意：Windows是一個操作系統(tǒng)，即一個用來管理整個計算機系統(tǒng)，包括顯示器、鍵盤、磁盤驅(qū)動器、存儲器和中央處理器的程序。

2．ThedesktopversionswereWindows3.1,95,98,andMe,andwereintendedforworkstationuse—thatis,oncomputersthatpeopleuseddirectly.

分析：thatis相當(dāng)于thatistosay，意為換句話說，也就是說，即。例如：Thefareisreducedforchildren,thatis,anyoneunder15yearsold.兒童，即年齡在15歲以下者，票價有優(yōu)惠。

句意：臺式機版本是Windows3.1，95，98和Me，并被打算用于工作站，即用在人們可以直接使用的計算機上。

3．WindowsXPcomesbundledwithmanyprograms,mostofwhicharen’tactuallypartoftheoperatingsystem,includingInternetconnectionsoftware(dial-upconnections),ane-mailprogram(OutlookExpress)...

分析：which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞manyprograms，關(guān)系代詞which在從句中作主語。

句意：WindowsXP帶有許多程序，它們中的大多數(shù)實際上并不是操作系統(tǒng)的組成部分，這些程序包括Internet連接軟件(撥號連接)、電子郵件程序(OutlookExpress)等。Exercises

Ⅰ.Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext:(1)_________isthelatestdesktopversionofMicrosoft’sWindowsseriesofprograms.(2)_________isanoperatingsystem,aprogramthatmanagesyourentirecomputersystem,includingitsscreen,keyboard,diskdrives,memory,andcentralprocessor.(3)OnceWindowsXPisinstalled,youcanrun)_________applicationprograms(programsforgettingrealworldworkdone).(4)Aharddiskwithatleast_________totalspacewithatleast650MBfree,dependingonwhichoptionsyouchoosetoinstall.Ⅱ.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalseaccordingtothetext:(1)Windowsalsoprovidesagraphicaluserinterface,orGUI,whichenablesyoutocontrolyourcomputerbyusingamouse,windows,andicons.Youcan’talsousethekeyboardtogivecommands.(2)WindowsXPisdesignedtoworkforindividualsandpowerusers,andcomesinitiallyinthreeversions.(3)WindowsXPrequiresAPentiumⅠ,PentiumⅡ,Celeron,compatible,orbetterCPUrunningataspeedofatleast100MHz.(4)ACDROMorDVDdrivefromwhichtoinstallWindowsandothersoftwareisneeded.Ⅲ.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese:(1)It’stheupgradetotheconsumerversionsofWindows(95,98,andMe)aswellastothebusiness,server,andpoweruserversions(WindowsNTand2000).(2)Foryears,MicrosofthasproducedtwoeditionsofWindows,onefordesktops(thatis,forindividualusers,includingforuseonlaptops)andoneforservers(computersthatprovideservicesovernetworks).(3)YoucanupgradetoWindowsXPfromWindows98orMe,oryoucandoa“cleaninstall”toreplaceanypreviousversionofWindowsonyourcomputer.(4)IfyouplantolistentosoundsplayedbyWindowsandotherprograms,youneedasoundboardandspeakersattachedtoyourcomputer.Ⅳ.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese:WhatIstheStartMenu?

WhenyouclicktheStartbuttononthetaskbar,theStartmenuappears.YoucanalsodisplaytheStartmenubypressingtheWindowskey(ifyourkeyboardhasone)orbypressingCtrl+Esc.

TheStartmenulistscommandsandadditionalmenusthatlistmostoftheprogramsthatyoucanrunonyourcomputer.ItlookssomethinglikeFig.5-1.Fig.5-1

TheStartmenuhasfewercommandsthanappearedinpreviousversionsofWindows.TheSettingsandFavoritescommandsthatappearedinWindows98andMearegone.Asyouuseyourcomputer,WindowsaddscommandsforyourfrequentlyusedprogramstotheStartmenu.InstallingsomeprogramsaddscommandstotheStartmenu,too.YoucancustomizewhichprogramsappearontheStartmenuandhowtheyarearranged.Chapter2hasmoreinformationabouthowtorunprogramsfromtheStartmenu.Inthisbook,weindicatecommandsontheStartmenuanditssubmenuslikethis:“ChooseStart|HelpAndSupport”meansyoushouldclicktheStartbuttonandthenchoosetheHelpAndSupportcommandfromthemenuthatappears.．Tip

MostoftheprogramsavailableonyourcomputerappearontheStart|AllProgramsmenu(clickAllProgramsontheStartmenutoseeit).ThismenuwascalledProgramsinpreviousversionsofWindows.Ⅴ.Completethefollowingsentences:(1)Yourhairistoolong,itneed_________(cut).(2)Hehassomedifficultiesin_________(complete)histaskintime.(3)Iamproudof_________(elect)themonitor.(4)Haveyouforgot_________(promise)himtohelphissonyesterday?(5)_________(laugh)atothersisnotpolite.Ⅵ.PutthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish:(1)這輛舊車需要好好修理修理。(require)(2)那本書值得一讀。(worthwhile)(3)關(guān)于到上海參觀的事，你的觀點如何？(thepointof)(4)你介意我在這里抽煙嗎？(mind)(5)早睡早起是好的生活習(xí)慣。ReadingMaterials

WhatHappensDuringProgramInstallationandUn-installation?(Ⅰ)

Beforeyoucaninstallaprogram,youhavetogetit—youhavetobuyordownloadtheprogram.YoumayreceiveaprogramonaCDROM,asastackoffloppydiskorasafiledownloadedfromtheInternet.Onceyouhaveaprogram,youinstallit,usuallybyrunninganinstallationprogramtocopytheprogramtoyourhard-diskandconfigureittorunonyoursystem.Ifyoudownloadaprogram,itusuallyarrivesintheformofaninstallationfile(alsocalledadistributionfile),whichisacompressedfilecontainingallthefilesrequiredforaprogramtorun,alongwithaninstallationprogram.Forexample,theinstallationfilemaycontaintheinstallationprogram,theprogramitself,thehelpfilefortheprogram,andafewotherfilesthattheprogramneeds.Youcandownload(copy)installationfilesfromtheInternetorothersources.Ifyourcomputerisconnectedtoalocalareanetwork(LAN),theinstallationfilemaybestoredonanetworkdisk.Thefilesthatmakeuptheprogramareusuallycompressedtotakeuplessspaceandsothattheycanbepackagedtogetherasonefile.Wheninstallingprograms,youmustbeloggedonwithauseraccountthatisamemberoftheAdministratororPowerusergroup.LimitedandGuestuseraccountscan’tinstallprograms.Ifyouhaven’tsetupuseraccounts,youareprobablyloggedonautomaticallyasAdministrator(inWindowsXPProfessional)orOwner(inWindowsXPHomeEdition),whicharebothmembersoftheAdministratorgroup.NewWordsandExpressionsdistributionn.①分發(fā)(配、給、送)，配給物；②分配裝置，分配系統(tǒng)compressvt.壓緊，壓縮，凝縮；vi.被壓緊，壓縮alongwith一道，一起logon登錄，(與……)聯(lián)機，進(jìn)入(系統(tǒng))administratorn.①(企業(yè)或團(tuán)體的)管理人；②行政官員automaticallyadv.①自動地；②不加思索地，習(xí)慣性地，機械地professionaladv.①職業(yè)的，從事特定專業(yè)的；②職業(yè)性的，非業(yè)余性的；③專業(yè)人員的Questions(1)Wherecanyougetaprogrambeforeyouinstallaprogram?(2)InLAN,whocaninstallprograms?WhatHappensDuringProgramInstallationandUninstallation?(Ⅱ)

MostprogramscomewithaninstallationprogramnamedSetup.exeorInstall.exe.Whenyouinstallaprogram,theinstallationprogramusuallydoesthefollowing:

Looksforapreviousversionoftheprogramonyourharddisk.Ifitfindsapreviousversion,theprogrammayaskwhetheryouwanttoreplacethepreviousversion.

Createsafolderinwhichtostoretheprogramfiles.Mostinstallationprogramsaskwhereyou’dlikethisfolder.Someinstallationprogramsalsocreateadditionalfolderswithinthisfolder.WindowscreatesafoldernamedProgramFiles,usuallyinC:＼(ifWindowsisstoredinapartitionordriveotherthanC,theProgramFilesfolderisusuallyinthesamepartition).WerecommendyouinstallallyourprogramsinfolderswithintheProgramFilesfolder.SomesoftwarevendorshavethebadhabitofinstallingapplicationprogramsinlocationsotherthanyourProgramFilesfolder.Youcan’tdomuchaboutthis;theadditionalfoldersmayclutterupyourrootfolder,buttheydon’tdoanyharm.

Copiesthefilesontoyourharddisk.Iftheprogramfilesarecompressed,theinstallationprogramuncompressesthem.Usually,theinstallationprogramcopiesmostofthefilesintotheprogram’sfolder,butitmayalsoputsomefilesintoyourC:＼Windows,C:＼Windows＼System,orotherfolders.Checksyoursystemforthefilesandhardwareitneedstorun.Forexample,anInternetconnectionprogrammightcheckforamodem.

AddsentriestotheWindowsRegistrytotellWindowswhichtypesoffilestheprogramworkswith,whichfilestheprogramisstoredin,andotherinformationabouttheprogram.

AddsacommandfortheprogramtoyourStart|AllProgramsmenu(someprogramsaddsubmenustotheStart|AllProgramsmenutocontainseveralcommands).