2025年托?？荚囬喿x真題模擬模擬試卷：夏季政治經(jīng)濟學考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、選詞填空要求：本部分共有10道題，每道題后面都列出幾個單詞，請你根據(jù)上下文的意思，選擇最恰當?shù)囊粋€填入空格中，使句子通順、符合邏輯。每道題只有一個正確答案，多選、錯選、漏選均不得分。咱們來試試看，看看你能不能準確把握這些單詞在句子中的具體用法，這可是托福閱讀中非?？疾旎竟Φ牡胤侥?！準備好了嗎？咱們開始吧！1.Therapidgrowthoftechnologyhassignificantly______thewaywecommunicatewithoneanother,makingiteasiertostayconnectedacrosslongdistances.A.transformedB.deterioratedC.standardizedD.complicated2.Manyeconomistsarguethatfreetradecan______economicefficiencybyallowingcountriestospecializeinproducinggoodswheretheyhaveacomparativeadvantage.A.enhanceB.undermineC.stabilizeD.fluctuate3.Theindustrialrevolutionmarkeda______inhumanhistory,shiftingthefocusfromagrariansocietiestoindustrializedurbancenters.A.milestoneB.regressionC.divergenceD.stagnation4.Culturalrelativismsuggeststhatmoralandethicalstandardsare______totheculturalcontextinwhichtheyarise,ratherthanbeinguniversal.A.relativeB.absoluteC.subjectiveD.objective5.Thegovernment'seffortsto______inflationofteninvolveraisinginterestrates,whichcanslowdowneconomicgrowth.A.curbB.stimulateC.exacerbateD.sustain6.InMarxisttheory,theconceptof"classconsciousness"referstothe______amongtheworkingclassoftheirsharedinterestsandexploitationbythecapitalistclass.A.awarenessB.apathyC.alienationD.indifference7.Theterm"neoliberalism"isoftenusedtodescribeeconomicpoliciesthat______freemarketsandminimalgovernmentintervention.A.advocateforB.opposeC.regulateD.discourage8.The______oflaborunionshashistoricallyplayedasignificantroleinimprovingworkingconditionsandworkers'rights.A.declineB.riseC.exploitationD.neglect9.Inthestudyofinternationalrelations,the"balanceofpower"theorysuggeststhatpeaceismaintainedwhennosinglenation______militarydominance.A.achievesB.avoidsC.diminishesD.sustains10.The______ofglobalizationhasledtoincreasedculturalexchangebutalsotoconcernsaboutculturalhomogenization.A.impactB.resistanceC.declineD.isolation二、閱讀理解要求：本部分共有5篇文章，每篇文章后面都有若干道選擇題，請你根據(jù)文章的內容，選擇最恰當?shù)拇鸢?。每篇文章后面的問題數(shù)量會有所不同，但都會控制在5到10道之間。這部分的考察重點在于你的閱讀理解能力和邏輯推理能力，所以一定要仔細閱讀文章，抓住關鍵信息，才能做出正確的選擇。來吧，讓我們看看你能不能在這些文章中找到正確的答案！Passage1:TheIndustrialRevolutionandItsImpactTheIndustrialRevolution,whichbeganinthelate18thcenturyinBritain,fundamentallytransformedhumansociety.Thisperiodsawtheriseoffactories,thewidespreaduseofmachinery,andamassiveshiftfromagrarianeconomiestoindustrializedurbancenters.OneofthemostsignificanteffectsoftheIndustrialRevolutionwasthegrowthoftheworkingclass,whooftenfacedharshconditionsinfactoriesandmines.WhiletheIndustrialRevolutionbroughtabouteconomicprogressandincreasedproductionefficiency,italsoledtosocialissuessuchaschildlaborandpoorlivingconditionsinurbanareas.Despitethesechallenges,theIndustrialRevolutionlaidthefoundationformoderneconomicsystemsandtechnologicaladvancementsthatcontinuetoshapeourworldtoday.1.WhatwasoneofthemostsignificanteffectsoftheIndustrialRevolution?A.ThedeclineofagrariansocietiesB.ThegrowthoftheworkingclassC.TheriseofmachineryD.Theimprovementoflivingconditions2.Accordingtothepassage,whatweresomeofthesocialissuesthataroseduringtheIndustrialRevolution?A.EconomicgrowthandtechnologicaladvancementsB.ChildlaborandpoorlivingconditionsC.ThegrowthoffactoriesD.Thewidespreaduseofmachinery3.WhatdidtheIndustrialRevolutionlaythefoundationfor?A.ModerneconomicsystemsandtechnologicaladvancementsB.ThedeclineofagrarianeconomiesC.TheriseoftheworkingclassD.Theimprovementoflivingconditions4.WhydidtheIndustrialRevolutionleadtothegrowthoftheworkingclass?A.BecausemorepeoplemovedtourbanareasforbetterlivingconditionsB.BecausefactoriesandminesneededalargeworkforceC.BecauseagrariansocietiesdeclinedD.Becausemachineryreplacedhumanlabor5.WhatwasthemainimpactoftheIndustrialRevolutiononhumansociety?A.ItledtothedeclineofagrariansocietiesB.ItbroughtabouteconomicprogressandincreasedproductionefficiencyC.ItcausedsocialissuessuchaschildlaborD.ItimprovedlivingconditionsinurbanareasPassage2:MarxistTheoryandClassConsciousnessMarxisttheory,developedbyKarlMarxandFriedrichEngels,offersacriticalperspectiveoncapitalismandclassrelations.OneofthekeyconceptsinMarxisttheoryis"classconsciousness,"whichreferstotheawarenessamongtheworkingclassoftheirsharedinterestsandexploitationbythecapitalistclass.AccordingtoMarx,theworkingclass(proletariat)isexploitedbythecapitalistclass(bourgeoisie)becausethelatterownsthemeansofproductionandextractssurplusvaluefromthelaboroftheformer.Classconsciousnessisseenasanecessaryconditionfortheworkingclasstooverthrowcapitalismandestablishaclasslesssociety.TheMarxisttheoryemphasizestheroleofeconomicstructuresinshapingsocialrelationsandpoliticaldynamics,makingitapowerfultoolforanalyzinghistoricalandcontemporarysocialissues.1.Whatisthemainconceptdiscussedinthispassage?A.TheimpactoftheIndustrialRevolutionB.MarxisttheoryandclassconsciousnessC.TheriseoftheworkingclassD.Theexploitationoftheworkingclass2.AccordingtoMarxisttheory,whoisexploitedbythecapitalistclass?A.ThecapitalistclassB.ThemiddleclassC.TheworkingclassD.Thegovernment3.Whatisclassconsciousness?A.TheawarenessamongtheworkingclassoftheirsharedinterestsandexploitationB.TheexploitationoftheworkingclassbythecapitalistclassC.TheriseoftheworkingclassD.Theestablishmentofaclasslesssociety4.WhatistheroleofclassconsciousnessinMarxisttheory?A.ItisanecessaryconditionfortheworkingclasstooverthrowcapitalismB.ItleadstotheexploitationoftheworkingclassC.ItistheresultoftheexploitationoftheworkingclassD.Itisthecauseoftheexploitationoftheworkingclass5.WhatdoesMarxisttheoryemphasize?A.TheroleofeconomicstructuresinshapingsocialrelationsandpoliticaldynamicsB.ThedeclineofcapitalismC.TheriseofthemiddleclassD.Theexploitationoftheworkingclass三、句子填空要求：本部分共有5道題，每道題給出一個不完整的句子，后面會列出幾個單詞或短語，請你根據(jù)句子的意思，選擇最恰當?shù)囊粋€填入空格中，使句子完整、通順且符合邏輯。每道題只有一個正確答案，多選、錯選、漏選均不得分。來吧，看看你能不能準確把握這些單詞或短語在句子中的具體用法，這可是托福閱讀中非常考察綜合能力的地方呢！咱們一起來挑戰(zhàn)一下！1.Theeconomicpoliciesimplementedbythenewgovernmenthave______thegrowthofsmallbusinesses,leadingtoincreasedemploymentandeconomic活力.A.facilitatedB.hinderedC.stabilizedD.fluctuated2.Accordingtothestudy,culturalexchangeprogramscansignificantly______cross-culturalunderstandingandreduceprejudicesbetweendifferentsocieties.A.enhanceB.undermineC.deteriorateD.sustain3.Theconceptof"comparativeadvantage"suggeststhatcountriescanbenefitfromtradebyspecializingintheproductionofgoodswheretheyhavea______advantage.A.absoluteB.relativeC.competitiveD.marginal4.Theriseofsocialmediahas______thewaypoliticalcampaignsareconducted,allowingcandidatestoreachawideraudiencedirectly.A.transformedB.standardizedC.regulatedD.stabilized5.Inthecontextofinternationalrelations,the"balanceofpower"theorypositsthatpeaceismorelikelytobemaintainedwhennosinglenation______militarydominance.A.achievesB.avoidsC.diminishesD.sustains四、閱讀理解要求：本部分共有3篇文章，每篇文章后面都有若干道選擇題，請你根據(jù)文章的內容，選擇最恰當?shù)拇鸢?。每篇文章后面的問題數(shù)量會有所不同，但都會控制在5到10道之間。這部分的考察重點在于你的閱讀理解能力和邏輯推理能力，所以一定要仔細閱讀文章，抓住關鍵信息，才能做出正確的選擇。來吧，讓我們看看你能不能在這些文章中找到正確的答案！Passage3:TheRoleofLaborUnionsinModernSocietyLaborunionshaveplayedasignificantroleinshapingmodernworkplacesandworkers'rights.Historically,laborunionshavebeeninstrumentalinadvocatingforbetterworkingconditions,higherwages,andsaferenvironmentsforworkers.Theriseoflaborunionsinthelate19thandearly20thcenturieswasaresponsetotheharshconditionsfacedbyworkersduringtheIndustrialRevolution.Throughcollectivebargaining,laborunionshavebeenabletonegotiatewithemployersonbehalfoftheirmembers,leadingtosignificantimprovementsinworkers'lives.However,theinfluenceoflaborunionshasfacedchallengesinrecentdecadesduetoglobalizationandtheriseofautomatedindustries.Despitethesechallenges,laborunionscontinuetobeanimportantforceinadvocatingforworkers'rightsandimprovingworkingconditions.1.Whatisthemainpurposeoflaborunions?A.ToimprovethelivingconditionsofworkersB.ToreplacetheroleofgovernmentinregulatingworkplacesC.TopromotetheinterestsofemployersD.Toeliminatetheneedforcollectivebargaining2.Whydidlaborunionsriseduringthelate19thandearly20thcenturies?A.BecauseworkersfacedharshconditionsduringtheIndustrialRevolutionB.BecauseemployersweremorewillingtonegotiateduringthattimeC.BecausetherewasadeclineintheworkingclassD.Becauseindustrialautomationwasnotyetwidespread3.Whathavelaborunionsbeenabletoachievethroughcollectivebargaining?A.Betterworkingconditions,higherwages,andsaferenvironmentsB.Thedeclineofworkers'rightsC.IncreasedgovernmentregulationofworkplacesD.Theeliminationoflaborunions4.Whatchallengeshavelaborunionsfacedinrecentdecades?A.TheriseofglobalizationandautomatedindustriesB.Thedeclineofworkers'rightsC.IncreasedgovernmentsupportforlaborunionsD.Theriseoflaborunionsindevelopingcountries5.Whyarelaborunionsstillimportantinmodernsociety?A.Becausetheycontinuetoadvocateforworkers'rightsandimproveworkingconditionsB.BecausetheyhaveeliminatedtheneedforcollectivebargainingC.BecausetheyarenolongerrelevantinthemoderneconomyD.BecausetheyareonlyimportantindevelopingcountriesPassage4:NeoliberalismandItsImpactonEconomicPoliciesNeoliberalismisatermoftenusedtodescribeeconomicpoliciesthatadvocateforfreemarketsandminimalgovernmentintervention.Theneoliberalideologyemergedinthelate20thcenturyandhassinceinfluencedeconomicpoliciesinmanycountriesaroundtheworld.Proponentsofneoliberalismarguethatfreemarketsleadtogreatereconomicefficiencyandinnovation,aswellasimprovedlivingstandardsforall.Critics,however,arguethatneoliberalpoliciescanleadtoincreasedinequality,asthebenefitsofeconomicgrowthareoftenconcentratedamongthewealthy.Theimpactofneoliberalismoneconomicpolicieshasbeenasubjectofintensedebateamongeconomists,policymakers,andthegeneralpublic.1.Whatisneoliberalism?A.AneconomicideologythatadvocatesforfreemarketsandminimalgovernmentinterventionB.ApolicythatfocusesonincreasinggovernmentregulationofmarketsC.AtheorythatsuggestsgovernmentinterventionisalwaysnecessaryforeconomicgrowthD.Amovementthatpromotesthedeclineoffreemarkets2.Whendidneoliberalismemerge?A.Inthe19thcenturyB.Inthelate20thcenturyC.Intheearly20thcenturyD.Inthemid-20thcentury3.Whatarethemainargumentsinfavorofneoliberalism?A.ThatfreemarketsleadtogreatereconomicefficiencyandinnovationB.ThatgovernmentinterventionalwaysleadstoeconomicfailureC.ThatfreemarketsalwaysleadtoincreasedinequalityD.Thatgovernmentinterventionisalwaysnecessaryforeconomicgrowth4.Whatarethemainargumentsagainstneoliberalism?A.ThatfreemarketsleadtogreatereconomicefficiencyandinnovationB.ThatneoliberalpoliciescanleadtoincreasedinequalityC.ThatgovernmentinterventionisalwaysunnecessaryD.Thatfreemarketsalwaysleadtoeconomicfailure5.Whyhastheimpactofneoliberalismoneconomicpoliciesbeenasubjectofdebate?A.BecausethereisnoconsensusonwhetherneoliberalpoliciesareeffectiveB.BecauseneoliberalismisarelativelyneweconomicideologyC.BecauseallcountrieshaveadoptedneoliberalpoliciesD.BecausethereisnoevidencethatneoliberalpolicieshavehadanyimpactPassage5:TheImpactofGlobalizationonCulturalExchangeGlobalizationhashadaprofoundimpactonculturalexchange,leadingtobothpositiveandnegativeeffects.Ononehand,globalizationhasfacilitatedtheexchangeofideas,cultures,andtraditionsbetweendifferentsocieties,leadingtoincreasedcross-culturalunderstandingandtolerance.Ontheotherhand,globalizationhasalsoledtoconcernsaboutculturalhomogenization,wherelocalculturesareovershadowedbydominantglobalcultures.Theimpactofglobalizationonculturalexchangeisacomplexandmultifacetedissue,withbothbenefitsandchallenges.Understandingtheseimpactsiscrucialforpolicymakersandthegeneralpublictoensurethatglobalizationismanagedinawaythatpromotesculturaldiversityandmutualrespect.1.Whatisthemainimpactofglobalizationonculturalexchange?A.Ithasledtoincreasedcross-culturalunderstandingandtoleranceB.IthasledtoculturalhomogenizationC.IthashadnosignificantimpactonculturalexchangeD.Ithasledtoincreasedculturalconflict2.Whatarethepositiveeffectsofglobalizationonculturalexchange?A.Increasedcross-culturalunderstandingandtoleranceB.CulturalhomogenizationC.IncreasedculturalconflictD.Decreasedculturalexchange3.Whatarethenegativeeffectsofglobalizationonculturalexchange?A.Increasedcross-culturalunderstandingandtoleranceB.CulturalhomogenizationC.DecreasedculturalconflictD.Increasedculturaldiversity4.Whyisitimportanttomanageglobalizationinawaythatpromotesculturaldiversity?A.ToensurethatlocalculturesarenotovershadowedbydominantglobalculturesB.ToincreaseculturalhomogenizationC.Todecreasecross-culturalunderstandingandtoleranceD.Topromoteculturalconflict5.Whatisthemainissuediscussedinthispassage?A.TheimpactofglobalizationonculturalexchangeB.ThedeclineofculturalexchangeinthemodernworldC.ThebenefitsofculturalhomogenizationD.Thenegativeeffectsofglobalizationoneconomicpolicies本次試卷答案如下一、選詞填空1.Atransformed解析：句子意思是科技的發(fā)展極大地改變了我們彼此交流的方式，使跨長距離的溝通變得更加容易?！皌ransformed”意為“改變，轉變”，符合句意。其他選項“deteriorated”意為“惡化”，“standardized”意為“標準化”，“complicated”意為“復雜化”，都不符合句意。2.Aenhance解析：句子意思是許多經(jīng)濟學家認為自由貿易可以通過允許各國專注于生產(chǎn)它們具有比較優(yōu)勢的商品來提高經(jīng)濟效率。“enhance”意為“增強，提高”，符合句意。其他選項“undermine”意為“破壞，削弱”，“stabilize”意為“穩(wěn)定”，“fluctuate”意為“波動”，都不符合句意。3.Amilestone解析：句子意思是工業(yè)革命是人類歷史上一個重要的轉折點，將重點從農(nóng)業(yè)社會轉移到工業(yè)化城市中心?！癿ilestone”意為“里程碑”，符合句意。其他選項“regression”意為“倒退”，“divergence”意為“分歧”，“stagnation”意為“停滯”，都不符合句意。4.Arelative解析：句子意思是文化相對主義認為道德和倫理標準是相對于產(chǎn)生它們的特定文化背景的，而不是普遍的?！皉elative”意為“相對的”，符合句意。其他選項“absolute”意為“絕對的”，“subjective”意為“主觀的”，“objective”意為“客觀的”，都不符合句意。5.Acurb解析：句子意思是政府努力控制通貨膨脹，通常涉及提高利率，這可能會減緩經(jīng)濟增長?！癱urb”意為“控制，抑制”，符合句意。其他選項“stimulate”意為“刺激”，“exacerbate”意為“加劇”，“sustain”意為“維持”，都不符合句意。6.Aawareness解析：句子意思是馬克思主義理論中，“階級意識”指的是工人階級對他們共同利益和資本家階級剝削的認識到?！癮wareness”意為“意識，認識”，符合句意。其他選項“apathy”意為“冷漠”，“alienation”意為“疏離”，“indifference”意為“漠不關心”，都不符合句意。7.Aadvocatefor解析：句子意思是“新自由主義”一詞常用來描述主張自由市場和最小政府干預的經(jīng)濟政策?！癮dvocatefor”意為“提倡，支持”，符合句意。其他選項“oppose”意為“反對”，“regulate”意為“監(jiān)管”，“discourage”意為“discouraged”，都不符合句意。8.Brise解析：句子意思是工會的發(fā)展在歷史上在改善工作條件和工人權利方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。“rise”意為“上升，增長”，符合句意。其他選項“decline”意為“下降”，“exploitation”意為“剝削”，“neglect”意為“忽視”，都不符合句意。9.Aachieves解析：句子意思是國際關系研究中，“均勢”理論認為當沒有單一國家實現(xiàn)軍事霸權時，和平就會得到維護。“achieves”意為“實現(xiàn)”，符合句意。其他選項“avoids”意為“避免”，“diminishes”意為“減少”，“sustains”意為“維持”，都不符合句意。10.Aimpact解析：句子意思是全球化的影響導致了文化交流的增加，但也引發(fā)了關于文化同質化的擔憂?！癷mpact”意為“影響”，符合句意。其他選項“resistance”意為“抵抗”，“decline”意為“下降”，“isolation”意為“孤立”，都不符合句意。二、閱讀理解Passage1:TheIndustrialRevolutionandItsImpact1.BThegrowthoftheworkingclass解析：根據(jù)文章第一句，工業(yè)革命最顯著的影響是工人階級的增長。其他選項都不符合文章內容。2.BChildlaborandpoorlivingconditions解析：根據(jù)文章第二句，工業(yè)革命帶來了社會問題，如童工和城市惡劣的居住條件。其他選項都不符合文章內容。3.AModerneconomicsystemsandtechnologicaladvancements解析：根據(jù)文章最后一句，工業(yè)革命為現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟體系和技術進步奠定了基礎。其他選項都不符合文章內容。4.BBecausefactoriesandminesneededalargeworkforce解析：根據(jù)文章第二句，工業(yè)革命導致工人階級增長是因為工廠和礦山需要大量勞動力。其他選項都不符合文章內容。5.BItbroughtabouteconomicprogressandincreasedproductionefficiency解析：根據(jù)文章第一句，工業(yè)革命帶來了經(jīng)濟進步和生產(chǎn)效率的提高。其他選項都不符合文章內容。Passage2:MarxistTheoryandClassConsciousness1.BMarxisttheoryandclassconsciousness解析：根據(jù)文章第一句，本文討論的主要概念是馬克思主義理論和階級意識。其他選項都不符合文章內容。2.CTheworkingclass解析：根據(jù)文章第二句，馬克思認為工人階級（無產(chǎn)階級）被資本家階級（資產(chǎn)階級）剝削。其他選項都不符合文章內容。3.ATheawarenessamongtheworkingclassoftheirsharedinterestsandexploitation解析：根據(jù)文章第二句，階級意識指的是工人階級對他們共同利益和被資本家階級剝削的認識。其他選項都不符合文章內容。4.AItisanecessaryconditionfortheworkingclasstooverthrowcapitalism解析：根據(jù)文章第二句，階級意識是工人階級推翻資本主義并建立無階級社會的必要條件。其他選項都不符合文章內容。5.ATheroleofeconomicstructuresinshapingsocialrelationsandpoliticaldynamics解析：根據(jù)文章最后一句，馬克思主義理論強調經(jīng)濟結構在塑造社會關系和政治動態(tài)中的作用。其他選項都不符合文章內容。三、句子填空1.Afacilitated解析：句子意思是新政府實施的經(jīng)濟政策促進了小企業(yè)的增長，從而增加了就業(yè)和經(jīng)濟活力?！癴acilitated”意為“促進，便利”，符合句意。其他選項“hindered”意為“阻礙”，“stabilized”意為“穩(wěn)定”，“fluctuated”意為“波動”，都不符合句意。2.Aenhance解析：根據(jù)文章內容，文化交流項目可以顯著增強跨文化理解并減少不同社會之間的偏見?！癳nhance”意為“增強，提高”，符合句意。其他選項“undermine”意為“破壞，削弱”，“deteriorate”意為“惡化”，“sustain”意為“維持”，都不符合句意。3.Brelative解析：根據(jù)文章內容，比較優(yōu)勢的概念表明，國家可以通過專注于生產(chǎn)它們具有比較優(yōu)勢的商品來從貿易中受益。“relative”意為“相對的”，符合句意。其他選項“absolute”意為“絕對的”，“competitive”意為“競爭的”，“marginal”意為“邊際的”，都不符合句意。4.Atransformed解析：根據(jù)文章內容，社交媒體的興起徹底改變了政治競選的方式，允許候選人直接接觸到更廣泛的受眾?！皌ransformed”意為“改變，轉變”，符合句意。其他選項“standardized”意為“標準化”，“regulated”意為“監(jiān)管”，“stabilized”意為“穩(wěn)定”，都不符合句意。5.Aachieves解析：根據(jù)文章內容，國際關