Unit4HistoryandTraditionsⅠ.單句語法填空1．(2023·浙江1月卷)IntheMingDynasty,thecenterwastheForbiddenCity,surrounded(surround)inconcentric(同心的)circlesbytheInnerCityandOuterCity.解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由內(nèi)城和外城構(gòu)成的同心圓包圍。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞作狀語或作theForbiddenCity的非限制性定語。theForbiddenCity與surround之間為被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填動詞-ed形式。故填surrounded。2．(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Thoughsomestudentsareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotry(try)somethingnew.解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：雖然有些學(xué)生一開始害怕昆蟲，對泥土感到厭煩，但大多數(shù)人都渴望嘗試新的東西。beeagertodosth.渴望做某事。故填totry。3．(2022·全國乙卷)Theadoptionofthesugartaxpolicyupsetscustomers(custom)．解析：考查詞義轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：糖稅政策的實施使消費(fèi)者感到不安。由句意可知，填名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填customers。4．(2022·全國乙卷)Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwasinterpretedasevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.解析：考查同位語從句。句意：在很長一段時間里，這種無效的隱藏方法被解釋為證據(jù)——兒童是無可救藥的“自我中心”生物。由句意可知，填同位語從句的連接詞that。故填that。5．Thegenerousownerofthepubchargedusonlyasmallamountofmoneyforwineandbeer.解析：考查介詞。句意：慷慨的酒館老板只收了我們少量的酒和啤酒的錢。chargesb....forsth.因為某物向某人收費(fèi)……。故填for。6．(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Thismountainwalkprovidesaninsightintotheskillsrequiredforhillwalkingtoensure(ensure)yougetthemostfromfuturewalkingtrips.解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：這次登山之旅讓你深入了解登山所需的技巧，以確保你從未來的徒步旅行中獲得最大的收獲。由句意可知，填不定式作目的狀語。故填toensure。7．Aswellaseating(eat)afive-coursemeal,theydranksevenbottlesofwine.解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：他們不僅吃了一頓五道菜的飯，還喝了七瓶酒。aswellas在此相當(dāng)于介詞短語inadditionto。故填eating。8．Withtimegoing(go)by,Icandistinguishbetweengoodandevil.解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：隨著時間的流逝，我能區(qū)分善與惡了。此處是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，goby與前面的time構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。故填going。9．Therolling(roll)seaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywehumansare.解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：當(dāng)你站在山頂時，你看到的滾滾云海會提醒你，我們?nèi)祟愂嵌嗝疵煨　Ｓ删湟饪芍?，填形容詞rolling“起伏的，周而復(fù)始的”。故填rolling。10．(劍橋高階)Thestreetwasfullofboysroaring(roar)upanddownontheirmotorbikes.解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：大街上到處是些年輕小伙子騎著摩托車來回呼嘯而過。由句意可知，填動詞-ing形式作定語。故填roaring。Ⅱ.語境辨義練1．寫出加黑部分的詞性和漢語意思①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thewindpickedupandthunderrolled.vi.(雷或鼓)隆隆作響②Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.vt.安置；把……放在適當(dāng)位置③NicoloandanotherbidderbattleduntilNicolofinallywonthepaintingsfor$32.vi.競爭；較量④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.正式推出(新產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)等)2．選出crowd的漢語意思A.n.人群；一群人B．n.民眾C．vi.(想法或觀點)涌入(腦子) D．vi.聚集；涌向①Theairsmelledofthebestbakedbread,andcustomerssooncrowdedintothestore,makingthestreetcrowded.(場景描寫)D②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Iquicklysearchedthecrowdfortheschool'scoachandaskedhimwhathadhappened.A③Thehappymemoryofgettingalongwithmybestfriendcrowdedinonme/crowdedintomymind.C④Weallliketothinkwestandoutfromthecrowd.B3．選出charge的漢語意思A.n.費(fèi)用B．vt.收費(fèi)；要價C．n.掌管；負(fù)責(zé)D．vt.指控；控告E．vt.充電F．vt.向……沖G．vt.使充滿①M(fèi)yphoneishavingadeadbattery；pleasehelpmechargeit.E②Toourshock,theshymanshouldbechargedwithmurderinghiswife.D③Theynormallychargethreehundredpoundsbutwegotitforhalfprice.B④Thedogbarked,jumping—fourfeetintheair—mouthopenandchargingattheman.F⑤Onemomentitwasquietandcalmintheforest；thenext,theairwaschargedwithtension.G⑥(2022·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Failuretoprovideenoughchaperoneswillresultinanextrachargeof$50perabsentadult.A⑦(2022·全國乙卷)PeoplewhodressupasRomansoldiersinchargeofphotoswon'tbeallowednearhottouristspots.C4．選出approach的漢語意思A.vt.&vi.靠近；臨近B．vt.與……商量C．vt.處理 D．n.方法；途徑①Thestudentsapproachtheirteacherforadvice.B②(2023·1月浙江卷)InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“l(fā)ow-impact”solardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.D③(2024·北京卷)Onenight,inmyearly40s,Idreamedthatabigwomaninredapproachedme,handedmeabagofpaints,andtoldmetostartpainting.A④Humanqualitiesalsoinvolvehowyouthink,howyouapproachproblems,andhowyoubreakthemdown；andthattakesalotofalgorithmic(算法)design.CⅢ.語法填空WhenstudyingintheUnitedKingdom，Iwasnolonger1.puzzled(puzzle)aboutwhenEnglandgotWales,ScotlandandIrelandjoinedtoitorwhenthesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromit.ThefourcountriesbelongingtotheUKusethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence,2.buttheyhavedifferentlegalsystems.IsawmuchevidencethatshowedtheRomans,theVikingsaswellastheNormansinvadedandconqueredtheGreatBritain，3.leaving(leave)behindtheirso-calledachievementsandinfluencingthenamesoflocationsandvocabulary.ThereweresomanyfascinatingplacesthatIhadtokeepmyeyesopen.LaterItraveledtoIreland4.whereIfoundmyselffascinatedbythelandscape.ItwassuchafeastformyeyesthatIfeltasifIwereapproachingagalleryinwhichI5.wassurrounded(surround)withbeautifulpictures.EverydayIwasgreetedwiththerollingmountains6.dotted(dot)withsheepandcattle,theroaroftheoceanandthescentofflowers.Ioftenhadasipofwineorbeerinnearbypubswhichchargedonlyasmallamountofmoney7.fortheirservice.OnceItalkedabouttheircustomswith8.acrowdofIrishpeoplewhowereinterestedinour