ICS19.040

CCSK04

中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

GB/T20643.1—2025

代替GB/T20643.1—2006

特殊環(huán)境條件環(huán)境試驗方法

第1部分：總則

Specialenvironmentalcondition—Environmentaltestmethod—

Part1：General

2025?08?01發(fā)布2026?02?01實施

國家市場監(jiān)督管理總局

國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會發(fā)布

GB/T20643.1—2025

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

引言··························································································································Ⅳ

1范圍·······················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件········································································································1

3術(shù)語和定義··············································································································1

4特殊環(huán)境條件···········································································································1

4.1概述·················································································································1

4.2干熱、干熱沙漠環(huán)境條件························································································1

4.3高原環(huán)境條件·····································································································1

4.4濕熱、濕熱海洋環(huán)境條件························································································1

4.5寒冷環(huán)境條件·····································································································3

5試驗方法·················································································································4

5.1概述·················································································································4

5.2自然大氣暴露試驗·······························································································4

5.3人工模擬試驗·····································································································5

5.4試驗數(shù)據(jù)處理及結(jié)果評定······················································································6

附錄A（資料性）環(huán)境試驗的一般導(dǎo)則·············································································7

參考文獻····················································································································15

表1濕熱氣候環(huán)境條件參數(shù)···························································································2

表2濕熱海洋氣候環(huán)境條件參數(shù)·····················································································2

表3寒冷氣候環(huán)境條件參數(shù)···························································································3

表4特殊環(huán)境條件下推薦的試驗方法···············································································5

Ⅰ

GB/T20643.1—2025

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

本文件是GB/T20643《特殊環(huán)境條件環(huán)境試驗方法》的第1部分。GB/T20643已經(jīng)發(fā)布了以

下部分：

——第1部分：總則；

——第2部分：人工模擬試驗方法及導(dǎo)則電工電子產(chǎn)品（含通信產(chǎn)品）；

——第3部分：人工模擬試驗方法及導(dǎo)則高分子材料。

本文件代替GB/T20643.1—2006《特殊環(huán)境條件環(huán)境試驗方法第1部分：總則》，與

GB/T20643.1—2006相比，除結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整與編輯性改動外，主要技術(shù)變化如下：

a）更改了“環(huán)境條件”的內(nèi)容，增加了濕熱（含濕熱海洋）、寒冷特殊環(huán)境條件（見第4章，2006年

版的第3章）；

b）刪除了“投樣時間”（見2006年版的4.2.4）；

c）更改了“試驗時間”的內(nèi)容（見5.2.4，2006年版的4.2.5）；

d）更改了“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣條件”的內(nèi)容（見5.3.1，2006年版的4.3.1）；

e）更改了“人工模擬試驗方法的選用”的內(nèi)容，增加了濕熱、濕熱海洋、寒冷特殊環(huán)境，推薦試驗

方法，增加了濕熱、鹽霧、霉菌、雷擊、地震試驗，刪除了腐蝕性大氣（耐鹽霧）、綜合試驗、涂層

抗剝落試驗、振動（正弦）、抗靜電試驗（見5.3.4，2006年版的4.3.4）；

f）刪除了“氣候試驗順序的選擇”（見2006年版的4.3.5）。

請注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識別專利的責(zé)任。

本文件由中國電器工業(yè)協(xié)會提出并歸口。

本文件起草單位：中國電器科學(xué)研究院股份有限公司、江蘇拓米洛高端裝備股份有限公司、南方電

網(wǎng)綜合能源股份有限公司、深檢集團（東莞）質(zhì)量技術(shù)服務(wù)有限公司、廣東電網(wǎng)有限責(zé)任公司電力科學(xué)

研究院、清華大學(xué)深圳國際研究生院、深圳市英威騰電動汽車驅(qū)動技術(shù)有限公司、明陽智慧能源集團股

份公司、中移（杭州）信息技術(shù)有限公司、重慶阿泰可科技股份有限公司、深圳職業(yè)技術(shù)大學(xué)、中國科學(xué)

院空間應(yīng)用工程與技術(shù)中心、北京科技大學(xué)、中國特種飛行器研究所、通用機械關(guān)鍵核心基礎(chǔ)件創(chuàng)新中

心（安徽）有限公司、海南電網(wǎng)有限責(zé)任公司、國網(wǎng)福建省電力有限公司電力科學(xué)研究院。

本文件主要起草人：揭敢新、許雪冬、趙瑞杰、夏云峰、朱建華、梁永純、王希林、高駿、曹奇、沈援海、

張杰、陳淑玲、李鵬、夏曉健、程學(xué)群、劉元海、方連航、黃倩、汪林立、賈志東、李強、嚴(yán)康驊。

本文件及其所代替文件的歷次版本發(fā)布情況為：

——2006年首次發(fā)布為GB/T20643.1—2006；

——本次為第一次修訂。

Ⅲ

GB/T20643.1—2025

引言

GB/T20643《特殊環(huán)境條件環(huán)境試驗方法》涵蓋了產(chǎn)品及零部件在我國干熱、干熱沙漠、高原、

濕熱、濕熱海洋、寒冷等特殊氣候類型下的人工模擬試驗方法及導(dǎo)則。目前，GB/T20643由三個部分

構(gòu)成。

——第1部分：總則。目的是提出在特殊環(huán)境條件下自然大氣暴露試驗和人工模擬試驗的一般規(guī)

定，并給出環(huán)境試驗的一般導(dǎo)則。

——第2部分：人工模擬試驗方法及導(dǎo)則電工電子產(chǎn)品（含通信設(shè)備）。目的是提出電工電子產(chǎn)

品（含通信設(shè)備）在特殊環(huán)境條件的人工模擬試驗方法及導(dǎo)則。

——第3部分：人工模擬試驗方法及導(dǎo)則高分子材料。目的是提出高分子材料在特殊環(huán)境條件

的人工模擬試驗方法及導(dǎo)則。

“特殊環(huán)境條件環(huán)境試驗”是將樣品暴露到自然或人工模擬的具有干熱、干熱沙漠、高原、濕熱、

濕熱海洋、寒冷等地區(qū)特殊氣候特征的環(huán)境條件中，從而對它們在實際使用中可能遇到的貯存、運輸和

使用條件下的性能做出評價。如果有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)需要，則這些試驗方法也可用于型式試驗，批量抽樣試驗、

質(zhì)量檢查試驗等類型試驗。

Ⅳ

GB/T20643.1—2025

特殊環(huán)境條件環(huán)境試驗方法

第1部分：總則

1范圍

本文件規(guī)定了干熱、干熱沙漠、高原、濕熱、濕熱海洋、寒冷等特殊環(huán)境條件下的自然大氣暴露試驗

和人工模擬試驗以及試驗數(shù)據(jù)處理及結(jié)果評定的通用要求。

本文件適用于電工電子產(chǎn)品（含整機、零部件及材料）在特殊環(huán)境條件使用時選擇合適的環(huán)境試驗

方法。

2規(guī)范性引用文件

下列文件中的內(nèi)容通過文中的規(guī)范性引用而構(gòu)成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，僅該日期對應(yīng)的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用于

本文件。

GB/T20625—2024特殊環(huán)境條件術(shù)語

3術(shù)語和定義

GB/T20