2025年雅思閱讀理解技巧精講試卷考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______閱讀文章Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-14,whicharebasedonthepassagebelow.TheDouble-EdgedSwordofGeneticEditingTheadventoftechnologiescapableofeditingtheDNAoflivingorganisms,particularlyCRISPR-Cas9,hassparkedunprecedenteddebateacrosstheglobe.Thisrevolutionarytoolholdsimmensepromiseforaddressinggeneticdisorders,improvingagriculturalyields,andeveneradicatingdebilitatingdiseases.However,itspotentialformisuse,ethicaldilemmas,andunforeseenconsequencescastsalongshadowoveritsdevelopmentandapplication.Understandingboththebenefitsandtherisksiscrucialaswenavigatethecomplexlandscapeofgeneticediting.ProponentsofgeneticeditingarguethatitsabilitytopreciselymodifyDNAofferssolutionswheretraditionalmedicinefallsshort.Conditionslikecysticfibrosis,sicklecellanemia,andHuntington'sdisease,causedbysingle-genemutations,couldpotentiallybecuredbycorrectingthefaultyDNAsequence.Furthermore,geneticeditingcouldenhancehumancapabilities,perhapsbyboostingimmunityorimprovingcognitivefunctions,althoughthisremainslargelyintherealmoffuturepossibilities.Inagriculture,thetechnologypromisestocreatecropsthataremoreresistanttopestsanddiseases,requirelesswater,andhavehighernutritionalvalue,potentiallytacklingglobalfoodsecuritychallengeshead-on.Thespeedandefficiencyofthesenewtechniquescomparedtopreviousmethodsrepresentasignificantleapforwardinscientificcapability.Critics,however,voicelegitimateconcernsthatoftenovershadowthepotentialbenefits.Themostsignificantworryrevolvesaroundthepotentialforoff-targeteffects,wheretheeditingtoolmodifiesDNAatunintendedlocations,potentiallycausingnewhealthproblemsorevencancer.Thelong-termeffectsofgermlineediting–changesmadetosperm,eggs,orembryosthatcanbepasseddownthroughgenerations–areparticularlycontentious.Manyethicistsarguethatalteringthehumangermlineisinherentlyproblematic,asitinvolvesmakingirreversiblechangestothehumangenepool,raisingquestionsabout"designerbabies"andsocietalequity.Therearealsoconcernsaboutequitableaccess;couldthispowerfultechnologyonlybeavailabletothewealthy,exacerbatingexistingsocialinequalities?Anothermajorissueisthepotentialformisuseinwarfareorfornon-therapeuticenhancementsthatcouldleadtoanewformofsocialstratificationbasedongeneticadvantage.Regulatoryframeworksarestillevolvingglobally,strugglingtokeeppacewiththerapidadvancementofthetechnology.Thedefinitionof"normal"humangeneticsbecomesblurred,andquestionsariseabouttheextenttowhichweshouldinterveneinthenaturalcourseofgeneticvariation.Somearguethatwemaybetamperingwithfundamentalaspectsoflifeaboutwhichwehavetoolittleunderstanding.Ultimately,thedebatesurroundinggeneticeditingisnotaboutrejectingscientificprogressaltogether,butabouthowtoharnessitspowerresponsibly.Strikingabalancebetweeninnovationandprecautionisessential.Robustethicalguidelines,stringentregulatoryoversight,andextensivepublicdiscourseareneededtoensurethatgeneticeditingisdevelopedandusedforthebenefitofhumanityasawhole,ratherthancreatingnewdividesorunforeseencrises.Theresponsibilitylieswithscientists,policymakers,andsocietyatlargetonavigatethiscomplexterrainwisely.Questions1-5Completethesentencesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSforeachanswer.1.Onepotentialapplicationofgeneticeditinginagricultureistoproduceplantsrequiringless________.2.Thetechnology'sabilitytomakespecificchangestoanorganism'sDNAisdescribedas________.3.AmajorworryassociatedwithgeneticeditingtoolsisthattheymightunintentionallyalterDNAat________.4.Changesmadetosperm,eggs,orembryosthroughgeneticeditingcouldaffectfuturegenerationsbecausetheyaremadetothe________.5.Thepassagesuggeststhatakeychallengeindealingwithgeneticeditingistheneedtodevelop________.Questions6-10Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeviewsofthewriterinthepassage?Inboxes6-10,writeYESifthestatementagreeswiththeviewofthewriterNOifthestatementcontradictstheviewofthewriterNOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthestatement6.Thewriterbelievesthatgeneticeditingcouldprovideacureforallgeneticdiseases.7.Creatinggeneticallyenhancedhumansisapracticalapplicationofcurrentgeneticeditingtechnology.8.Thelong-termconsequencesofgermlineeditingareconsideredlessimportantthantheimmediatebenefits.9.Accesstogeneticeditingproceduresshouldberestrictedtothosewhocanaffordit.10.Thecurrentglobalregulationsforgeneticeditingaresufficienttomanagetheassociatedrisks.Questions11-14Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.11.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A.ThehistoryofDNAresearch.B.Thepotentialbenefitsofgeneticeditingtechnology.C.Theethicalandpracticalchallengesofgeneticediting.D.Thedevelopmentofnewagriculturalcrops.12.Accordingtothepassage,whatisaconcernregardingoff-targeteffects?A.Theycanincreasecropyields.B.Theyareonlyaprobleminagriculturalsettings.C.Theymightleadtoharmfulunintendedconsequences.D.TheyoccurfrequentlywiththeCRISPR-Cas9method.13.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasapossibleoutcomeofgeneticeditinginhumans?A.Reducingwaterconsumption.B.Enhancingcognitiveabilities.C.Increasingresistancetodrought.D.Eradicatingfoodsecurityissues.14.Whatdoesthewritersuggestisneededtoresponsiblymanagegeneticediting?A.Aglobalbanonallgeneticmodifications.B.Fasterdevelopmentofthetechnology.C.Moreinternationalscientificcollaboration.D.Ethicalguidelinesandregulatoryoversight.試卷答案1.water解析思路：根據(jù)文章第二段"Inagriculture,thetechnologypromisestocreatecropsthataremoreresistanttopestsanddiseases,requirelesswater,andhavehighernutritionalvalue..."可知，基因編輯技術(shù)有望創(chuàng)造需要更少水的作物。2.precise解析思路：根據(jù)文章第二段"Furthermore,geneticeditingcouldenhancehumancapabilities,perhapsbyboostingimmunityorimprovingcognitivefunctions,althoughthisremainslargelyintherealmoffuturepossibilities.Thespeedandefficiencyofthesenewtechniquescomparedtopreviousmethodsrepresentasignificantleapforwardinscientificcapability."可知，與以往方法相比，這些新技術(shù)的速度和效率代表了科學(xué)能力的巨大飛躍，其能力在于精確修改DNA。3.unintendedlocations解析思路：根據(jù)文章第三段"Themostsignificantworryrevolvesaroundthepotentialforoff-targeteffects,wheretheeditingtoolmodifiesDNAatunintendedlocations,potentiallycausingnewhealthproblemsorevencancer."可知，基因編輯工具可能在非預(yù)期位置修改DNA，這被稱為脫靶效應(yīng)。4.germline解析思路：根據(jù)文章第三段"Thelong-termeffectsofgermlineediting–changesmadetosperm,eggs,orembryosthatcanbepasseddownthroughgenerations–areparticularlycontentious."可知，對(duì)精子、卵子或胚胎所做的改變可以遺傳給后代，這種改變被稱為生殖系編輯。5.robustethicalguidelines,stringentregulatoryoversight,andextensivepublicdiscourse解析思路：根據(jù)文章最后一段"Ultimately,thedebatesurroundinggeneticeditingisnotaboutrejectingscientificprogressaltogether,butabouthowtoharnessitspowerresponsibly.Strikingabalancebetweeninnovationandprecautionisessential.Robustethicalguidelines,stringentregulatoryoversight,andextensivepublicdiscourseareneededtoensurethatgeneticeditingisdevelopedandusedforthebenefitofhumanityasawhole,ratherthancreatingnewdividesorunforeseencrises."可知，為了負(fù)責(zé)任地利用其力量，需要強(qiáng)有力的倫理準(zhǔn)則、嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定和廣泛的公共討論。6.NO解析思路：根據(jù)文章第二段"ProponentsofgeneticeditingarguethatitsabilitytopreciselymodifyDNAofferssolutionswheretraditionalmedicinefallsshort.Conditionslikecysticfibrosis,sicklecellanemia,andHuntington'sdisease,causedbysingle-genemutations,couldpotentiallybecuredbycorrectingthefaultyDNAsequence."可知，支持者認(rèn)為基因編輯可以治愈由單基因突變引起的疾病，但并未提到可以治愈所有遺傳性疾病。7.NO解析思路：根據(jù)文章第二段"Furthermore,geneticeditingcouldenhancehumancapabilities,perhapsbyboostingimmunityorimprovingcognitivefunctions,althoughthisremainslargelyintherealmoffuturepossibilities."可知，增強(qiáng)人類能力（如提升免疫力或改善認(rèn)知功能）仍然是未來(lái)可能性，并非當(dāng)前的實(shí)際應(yīng)用。8.NO解析思路：根據(jù)文章第三段"Thelong-termeffectsofgermlineediting–changesmadetosperm,eggs,orembryosthatcanbepasseddownthroughgenerations–areparticularlycontentious."可知，生殖系編輯的長(zhǎng)期影響被認(rèn)為是特別有爭(zhēng)議的，并未說(shuō)其不如即時(shí)利益重要。9.NO解析思路：根據(jù)文章第三段"Therearealsoconcernsaboutequitableaccess;couldthispowerfultechnologyonlybeavailabletothewealthy,exacerbatingexistingsocialinequa