必修第二冊UNIT5HUMANSANDNATURE(主題語境:人與自然——環(huán)境保護(hù))英語2026高中總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計GAOZHONGZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI內(nèi)容索引通詞句基礎(chǔ)自測提能力增分課堂研真題鏈接高考微專題精準(zhǔn)突破測效果課堂評價通詞句基礎(chǔ)自測[教材單詞]必背寫作詞匯1.

n.洪水,水災(zāi)

2.

n.旱災(zāi),干旱

3.

n.野生動植物,野生生物

4.

adj.擁擠的;擠滿人的

5.

n.風(fēng)景,景色

6.

adj.活的,活著的

7.

n.野草;海藻

8.

n.鹿

flood

drought

wildlifecrowded

landscape

livingweed

deer

9.

n.昆蟲

10.

n.土壤

11.

n.氣候

12.

n.講座,講課;演講

13.

vt.過度使用;濫用

14.

n.百萬

15.

n.溫室,暖房

16.

n.海浪;波濤

insect

soilclimate

lectureoveruse

million

greenhousewave

17.

vi.&vt.逃離;逃避

18.

n.檔案,卷宗

19.

n.詩歌;作詩的藝術(shù)

20.

n.靈魂

21.

n.面積;長度;范圍;程度

22.

vt.困住;使陷于危險中

23.

n.&vt.努力,嘗試,企圖

24.

n.喪失;死亡

escapefile

poetry

soul

extenttrap

attempt

loss

25.

n.傷害,損傷,損害

26.

n.職責(zé),義務(wù);責(zé)任

27.

n.(肉體或精神上的)痛苦;折磨

28.

vt.實(shí)施;進(jìn)行;執(zhí)行vi.&vt.指揮

29.

n.燈

30.

adv.附近

31.

vi.&vt.呼吸

32.

n.灰塵;塵埃

damage

duty

suffering

conduct

lampnearby

breathe

dust

33.

adj.高興的,興高采烈的

34.

vt.證明;證實(shí)

35.

adj.久遠(yuǎn)的;遙遠(yuǎn)的

36.

n.避難所

37.

adj.各種各樣的,形形色色的

cheerful

provedistant

shelter

varied識記閱讀詞匯1.hurricanen.

2.volcanicadj.

3.eruptionn.

4.commentn.

5.whalen.

6.dolphinn.

7.sharkn.

8.kangaroon.

颶風(fēng)火山的;由火山作用引起的爆發(fā)評論;意見鯨海豚鯊(魚)

袋鼠

9.eaglen.

10.foxn.

11.ecologyn.

12.junglen.

13.horribleadj.

14.edgen.

15.tuben.

16.rescuen.&vt.

鷹狐貍生態(tài);生態(tài)學(xué)(熱帶)叢林可怕的,嚇人的,令人恐懼的邊緣圓管,管子;(倫敦)地鐵營救;救援17.vehiclen.

18.overseasadv.

19.siten.

20.processn.

21.battlen.

22.skin.

vi.

23.captainn.

24.polaradj.

交通工具,車輛在海外,在外國場所,地點(diǎn)過程,進(jìn)程較量,競爭;斗爭;戰(zhàn)斗滑雪板滑雪上校;隊長;組長極地的,地極的25.basen.

vt.

26.continentn.

27.brochuren.

28.aftershockn.

29.metaln.

30.skiingn.

31.originalityn.

基地,大本營;基礎(chǔ)以……為基地洲,大洲;大陸小冊子(地震的)余震金屬滑雪運(yùn)動獨(dú)創(chuàng)性;創(chuàng)造力構(gòu)織連脈詞匯1.

n.災(zāi)難;災(zāi)禍→

adj.災(zāi)難性的,造成災(zāi)害的

2.

vt.使震驚;使難以置信→

adj.令人震驚的,極壞的→

adj.震驚的;震撼的

3.

vi.&vt.活下來;幸存→

n.幸存→

n.幸存者

4.

n.驚嚇→

v.嚇唬→

adj.受驚的,害怕的→

adj.令人驚恐的,駭人的

disasterdisastrous

shockshockingshocked

survive

survival

survivor

fright

frighten

frightened

frightening

5.

adj.好奇的→

adv.好奇地→

n.好奇心,新奇的事物

6.

vt.觀察;注意;遵守;慶?！?/p>

n.觀察;觀察結(jié)果→

adj.能看得到的;能覺察到的

7.

adj.相等的;相同的→

adj.不平等的→

n.平等→

n.不平等→

adv.平等地→

adv.不平等地

8.

vi.&vt.打斷講話→

n.打斷

9.

vi.死→

n.死,死亡

curiouscuriouslycuriosity

observeobservationobservable

equalunequalequalityinequality

equally

unequally

interrupt

interruption

die

death

10.

vt.估量,衡量;測量→

n.估量,衡量;測量→

adj.無法測量的;無可估量的;無限的

11.

v.手術(shù);操作→

n.行動,活動;手術(shù);操作→

adj.可動手術(shù)的

12.

vt.保護(hù);防護(hù)→

n.保護(hù);防護(hù)→

adj.給予保護(hù)的,保護(hù)的

13.

vt.探測;勘探→

n.探險者;勘察者→

n.探險;探索

14.

vt.準(zhǔn)備;籌備,籌劃→

n.預(yù)備,準(zhǔn)備

measure

measurement

measureless

operate

operation

operable

protect

protection

protective

exploreexplorerexploration

preparepreparation15.

adj.焦慮的;不安的→

adv.焦慮地;不安地→

n.焦慮;擔(dān)心

16.

n.抱負(fù),雄心;追求,夙愿→

adj.有抱負(fù)的,志向遠(yuǎn)大的→

adv.有抱負(fù)地,志向遠(yuǎn)大地

17.

adj.坦誠的;誠實(shí)的→

n.坦誠;誠實(shí),正直→

adj.不誠實(shí)的→

n.不坦誠;不誠實(shí),不正直

18.

adj.真誠的,真摯的,誠實(shí)的→

adv.真誠地,真摯地,誠實(shí)地→

n.真誠,真摯,誠實(shí)

anxiousanxiouslyanxiety

ambitionambitiousambitiouslyhonest

honesty

dishonest

dishonesty

sincere

sincerely

sincerity

19.

adj.勇敢的,英勇的→

adv.勇敢地,英勇地→

n.勇氣;勇敢的行為

20.

vi.出現(xiàn)→

vi.消失→

n.出現(xiàn)→

n.消亡;消失

brave

bravely

bravery

appear

disappear

appearance

disappearance

[常用短語]1.

對……置之不理,對……撒手不管

2.

對……好奇

3.

倒下

4.

把……系到……上

5.

作出決定

6.

穿上;假裝;上演

7.

拾起,撿起;開車接;接收信號;無意中學(xué)會

8.

過一遍,復(fù)習(xí)

9.

取得快速進(jìn)步

turnone'sback(onsb/sth)

becuriousabout

falldowntie...to...

makethedecision

puton

pickup

goover

makerapidprogress

10.ontheedgeof

11.breathein

12.runout

13.breakdown

14.beinpreparationfor

15.commenton

16.pullinto

17.havedifficultywith

18.carryon

在……邊緣;某事快要發(fā)生(尤指不好的事)

吸氣用完;耗盡停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),出故障

為……準(zhǔn)備對……評論進(jìn)入,駛進(jìn)站

在……方面有困難繼續(xù)[重點(diǎn)句型]1.Thatwasthedaywhenit

tookonlysix

hours

to

breakmybodyandsoul.【嘗試翻譯】

【考點(diǎn)凝練】ittakes(sb)sometimetodosth花費(fèi)(某人)多久去做某事2.Ifeltsick,as

ifIwasfallingfromamountaintopinadream.【嘗試翻譯】

【考點(diǎn)凝練】asif好像那一天我的身體和靈魂只用了六個小時就支離破碎了。

我覺得惡心,好像在夢中從山頂上掉下來似的。

3.Butwhat

if

I'mtrapped?【嘗試翻譯】【考點(diǎn)凝練】whatif...?要是……怎么辦?4.ThenexttogowasCaptainOates,whowashavinggreatdifficulty

walking.【嘗試翻譯】

【考點(diǎn)凝練】havedifficulty(in)doingsth做某事有困難但要是我困于其中怎么辦?

下一個離去的是奧次?埃文船長,他連走路都很困難。[◎單元詞句小測]Ⅰ.單詞小測1.Itwasnearlyteno'clockatnight.Herdaughternotarrivinghome,MrsSmithfeltvery

.Shelookedatherhusbandandasked

,“Whenwillourdaughterreturn?”Thehusbandcomfortedherandanswered,“Don'tworry.Shewillsoonbeback.”Histoneobviouslyshowedhis

.(anxious)

2.Whenthebigboy

thelittlegirlthathewouldtellherfatherwhatshehaddone,thegirlfeltvery

.Infactwhatshecouldn'tforgetwasthe

sceneshewentthroughwherea

dogwasrunningafterher.(frighten)

anxious

anxiously

anxiety

frightened

frightened

frightening

frightening

3.Intheforeigncompany,noteveryoneis

,somanyemployeesfightfor

.Theythinkit'sunequalthattheworkerswhodohardworkaren'tpaidenough,whichmeanspeopleinthecompanyarenottreated

.(equal)

4.Some

setoutlastmonth.Theyhoped

thejunglesinthewestwheretheywantedtodiscoversomenewspecies.Thepubliclookedforwardtothesuccessoftheir

.(explore)

5.All

owedtheir

tothesupportofthebravesoldiers,whoriskedtheirlifetosavethem.Withoutthesoldiers,theysaid,theywouldneverhave

theterribleearthquake.(survive)

equal

equality

equally

explorers

toexplore

exploration

survivors

survival

survived

Ⅱ.短語小測Ateamofexplorersweredrivingtheircarwhentheircarcametoastop.Thinkingthatitmight1.

(拋錨),theygotoffthecarbutnothingwaswrongwithit.Theyaskedsomepassers-byforhelp,butsomejust2.

(對……置之不理)them.Theythen3.____________(作出決定)thattheywould4.

(穿上)theiroldclothesandpushtheircarforward.Manypassers-by5.________________(對……好奇)theirbehaviourandstoppedtolookatthem.Atfirstthey6.__________________(迅速前進(jìn)),butofcourse,they7.

(在……方面有困難)thepushforalongtime.Evenoneofthemwassotiredthathefinally8._______(摔倒).Theothershadtolifthimup.Theyhadnochoicebut9.

___________(繼續(xù))checkingthecarandfoundthattheoil10.

(用完).

breakdown

turnedtheirbackson

madethedecision

puton

werecuriousabout

movedforwardquicklyhaddifficultywith

felldown

tocarryon

ranout

Ⅲ.句型小測——高考情境仿寫1.救援者們花了兩個多小時才來到那些被困的男子身邊。

2.他假裝很冷靜,并且表現(xiàn)得好像他一點(diǎn)都沒有聽過這件事一樣。

3.要是我忘帶我的手機(jī)又忘了密碼該怎么辦?

4.剛上高中時,我英語學(xué)得很吃力。Ittookrescuersovertwohourstoreachthetrappedmen.

Hepretendedtobecalmandactedasifhehadn'theardanyofit.

WhatifIforgettotakemymobilephoneandforgetthepassword?

WhenIbeganmyseniorhighschoolyears,Ihadgreatdifficulty(in)learningEnglish.

提能力增分課堂核心詞匯突破1.comment

n.評論;意見

vi.&

vt.表達(dá)意見;作出評論【練會】單句填空①Ifthereistrulyaconcernaboutaprofessor'sprofessionalismorability,besuretouseonlinecourseevaluationstocalmlyofferyour______________(comment).

②Idon'tfeelIcancomment

theirdecision.

comments

on【寫美】一句多譯·背誦他的朋友們經(jīng)常談?wù)撍男愿穸嗝礈睾?。③Hisfriendsoften

howgentlehischaracteris.(commentv.)

④Hisfriendsoften

howgentlehischaracteris.(commentn.)

commentson

makescommentson/about

【歸納】(1)comment

on

sth

對……發(fā)表評論(2)make

comments

on/about

對……加以評論comment

that...評論……no

comment

無可奉告【佳句】Whatyoushouldkeepinmindisthatyoucan'tcommenttillyouknowthefacts.(應(yīng)用文之建議信)你應(yīng)該記住的是知道事實(shí)后再作評論。2.shock

vt.使震驚;使難以置信

n.沖擊,震驚【練會】單句填空①(全國Ⅱ卷)AndIwenthome,andoverthatweekendIwrotethestoryClifford

the

Big

Red

Dog,and

(shock)whenitwasacceptedforpublication,becauseI'dneverwrittenanythingbefore.

②(全國Ⅱ卷)Mywifewasalso

shockwhenshedidrealizeitwasn'tadream.

③It's

(shock)thatinthiscountryhospitalsshoulddenyhelptoolderpeople.

wasshocked

in

shocking

【寫美】完成句子·背誦④每年有這么多的動物被殺死,這對我們來說真是一件震驚的事。

thatsomanyanimalsarekilledeveryyear.(寫作話題之環(huán)境保護(hù))

Itcomesasashocktous

【歸納】(1)it

shocks

sb

to

see/hear/find...看到/聽到/發(fā)現(xiàn)……使某人震驚in

shock震驚地(2)culture

shock文化沖擊it

comes

as

a

shock

(to

sb)

that...……(對某人來說)真是一件震驚的事(3)shocking

adj.令人震驚的shocked

adj.驚愕的,震驚的be

shocked

at/by對……感到震驚be

shocked

to

do

sth對做某事感到震驚【佳句】Wewere

shocked

to

knowthatsomanypeoplediedintheflood.(寫作話題之環(huán)境保護(hù))我們震驚地了解到如此多的人死于洪水。3.escape

vi.&

vt.逃脫;逃避

vi.逃脫;溢出

n.逃跑;逃脫【練會】單句填空①(天津卷)Thethieftries

(escape).Andtheofficercan'tlethimgetaway.

②Ifnoteducatedtimely,thekidwillnotescape

(fall)intoabadhabit.

toescape

falling

【寫美】完成句子·背誦③如果你犯了罪,別指望你能逃脫懲罰。Don'tdependonitthatyoucanescape

ifyoucommitacrime.

④她終于從燃燒的汽車?yán)锾恿顺鰜?。Shemanagedto

.

beingpunished/punishment

escapefromtheburningcar【歸納】escape

(doing)

sth躲過(做)某事escape

from從……逃走escape

being

punished=escape

punishment逃過懲罰have

a

narrow/lucky

escape死里逃生;幸運(yùn)逃脫there's

no

escaping

the

fact

that...毫無疑問……【佳句】There

is

no

escaping

the

fact

thatChinahasbeendeveloping

rapidlyinthelastfortyyears.毫無疑問,中國在過去的四十年里一直迅速發(fā)展。4.survive

vi.&

vt.活下來;幸存【練會】單句填空①(全國甲卷)TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthat

(survive)China'slonghistory.

②(北京卷)Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchancefor

(survive)ishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.

hassurvived

survival

【寫美】句式升級·背誦③Aftershehadsurvivedthatnight,shewasconfidentthateverythingelsewouldbeallright.→

,shewasconfidentthateverythingelsewouldbeallright.(動詞-ing形式作狀語)

Havingsurvivedthatnight

【歸納】(1)survive

from...從某個時間存活下來,流傳下來survive

sth

從……存活下來/流傳下來survive

on靠……生存/幸存survive

the

accident

(crash,earthquake)從事故(墜機(jī)、地震)中生還survive

sb

(by...)

比……壽命長(……)(2)survivor

n.生還者,幸存者survival

n.幸存;幸存物【點(diǎn)津】表示“從事故(測試、墜機(jī)、地震)中生還”時,survive是及物動詞,在其后不可用介詞from。【佳句】Allthesebuildingssurvived

fromtheQingDynasty.(寫作話題之傳統(tǒng)文化)所有這些建筑都是從清代留存下來的。5.equal

adj.平等的,相等的;相同的;能勝任的

vt.比得上,敵得過

n.同等的人;相等物【練會】單句填空①Everylanguageisworthyofrespectandshouldbetreated

(equal).

②Nownohuman'sabilityinthisfieldcanequal

thatoftheAI.

③Allpeopleinthecompanyhavetherightto

(equal)ofopportunity.

equally

to

equality

【寫美】一句多譯·背誦在勇氣上沒有人能和他相媲美,這一點(diǎn)大家都知道。④

,aboutwhicheveryoneknows.(matchvt.)⑤

,aboutwhicheveryoneknows.(equaladj.)⑥

,aboutwhicheveryoneknows.(equalvt.)Noonematcheshimincourage

Nooneisequaltohimincourage

Nooneequalshimincourage

【歸納】(1)be

equal

in在某方面相等be

equal

to與……相等;勝任……(2)equality

n.平等equally

adv.平等地,相等地unequal

adj.不平等的inequality

n.不平等【點(diǎn)津】“勝任”的不同表達(dá):beequalto,beupto,besuitable/fitfor,bequalifiedfor,becompetentfor,bethebestchoicefor【佳句】I'm

equal

tothepositionasI'malocalstudentwhoknowsthesurroundingsverywell.(應(yīng)用文之申請信)因為我是當(dāng)?shù)氐膶W(xué)生,對周圍的環(huán)境非常了解,所以我能勝任這個職位。6.trap

vt.困住;使陷于危險中;誘騙,使陷入困境

n.陷阱,圈套【練會】單句填空①(天津卷)Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrapped

it.

②

(trap)inruins,thelittlegirlstillkeptcalm,wearingasmileandwaitingtoberescued.

③Theshopkeepertrappedmeinto

(purchase)theirpoorqualityvegetables.

in

Trapped

purchasing

【寫美】句式升級·背誦④Manypeopleweretrappedintheflood,andtheywereingreatdemandoffoods.→

,manypeoplewereingreatdemandoffoods.(動詞-ed形式作狀語)

Trappedintheflood

【歸納】(1)trap

sb

(into

sth/into

doing

sth)

使某人陷入圈套be/get/become

trapped

in

被困在……(2)set/lay

a

trap

for

為……設(shè)置陷阱,為……布下圈套fall/walk

into

a

trap落入圈套/陷阱fall

into

the

trap

of

doing

sth

掉進(jìn)……的陷阱【佳句】Don'tfall

into

the

trap

of

signingsomethingwithoutreadingitcarefullyfirst.不要沒仔細(xì)看就簽字,小心上當(dāng)。7.attempt

n.&

vt.努力,嘗試,企圖【練會】單句填空①(全國乙卷)Oneafternoon,while

(attempt)togetintobedshecollapsed(倒下)fromwhatwaseventuallydiscoveredtobeaheartattack.

②Theboyworeamaskin

attempttofrightenthedogaway.

attempting

an

【寫美】完成句子·背誦③這些天,我和我的同學(xué)們正在努力工作,試圖創(chuàng)作一部短劇。ThesedaysmyclassmatesandIareworkinghard

ashortplay.(寫作話題之課外活動)

inanattempttocreate

【歸納】(1)attempt

sth嘗試某事attempt

to

do

sth試圖做某事make

an

attempt

to

do/at

doing

sth

嘗試做某事in

an

attempt

to

do

sth試圖/嘗試做某事at

the

first

attempt第一次嘗試(2)attempted

adj.未遂的,企圖的【佳句】Isuggestthatyoushouldgoonahealthydietandkeepregularexercisein

an

attempt

to

loseweight.(應(yīng)用文之建議信)我建議你進(jìn)行健康飲食,并堅持有規(guī)律的鍛煉來嘗試減肥。8.conduct

vt.實(shí)施;進(jìn)行;執(zhí)行

vi.&

vt.指揮

n.行為,舉止【練會】單句填空①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Theexperimentofestimationhe

(conduct)showedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.

②(北京卷)Withherdad'spermission,shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineand

(conduct)trialstogetarecipethatwasbothtastyandtooth-friendly.

conducted

conducting

【寫美】完成句子·背誦③所有這些孩子在學(xué)校都表現(xiàn)良好,這樣他們的父母都感到很安心。Allthesechildren

atschoolsothattheirparentsfeelatease.

conductthemselveswell

【歸納】(1)conduct

a

band指揮樂隊conduct

an

experiment進(jìn)行實(shí)驗conduct

an

interview進(jìn)行面試conduct

a

survey進(jìn)行調(diào)查conduct

oneself

well/badly表現(xiàn)好/不好(2)conductor

n.指揮,(公共汽車)售票員conductive

adj.導(dǎo)電的,導(dǎo)熱的【佳句】Thepollconductedamongteenagersindicatesthatkidsareeagertobecomfortedwhentheyfailtoperformwellatschool.那項在青少年中進(jìn)行的民意測驗表明,孩子們在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)不好的時候渴望得到安慰。9.preparation

n.預(yù)備,準(zhǔn)備;(常用復(fù)數(shù))準(zhǔn)備工作,準(zhǔn)備措施【練會】單句填空①(天津卷)Tohelpusprepare

theexam,theteachersuggestedreadingthroughournotes.

②Trainingforamarathonrequirescareful

(prepare)andgradualincreasesinthelengthoftheruns.

③Plansforbuildingnewhigh-speedrailwaysarenow

preparation.

for

preparation

in

【寫美】完成句子·背誦④當(dāng)前我們正在為英語短劇表演作準(zhǔn)備,我們認(rèn)為您的指導(dǎo)會給我們寶貴的啟發(fā)。Wearecurrently

theEnglishshortplayandIthinkyourguidancewillgiveusvaluableinspiration.(preparation)(應(yīng)用文之咨詢信)

inpreparationfor/makingpreparationsfor

【歸納】(1)make

preparations

for/to

do...為……作準(zhǔn)備in

preparation在準(zhǔn)備中in

preparation

for為……作準(zhǔn)備(2)prepare

v.準(zhǔn)備prepared

adj.準(zhǔn)備好的unprepared

adj.沒有準(zhǔn)備好的prepare

one's

lessons準(zhǔn)備功課be

(well)

prepared

for/to

do

sth對做某事有(充分的)準(zhǔn)備prepare

for...為……作好準(zhǔn)備prepare

to

do

sth準(zhǔn)備做某事【佳句】TheGreensarenowdoingsomeshopping,making

preparations

forthecomingvisittoBeijing.格林一家現(xiàn)在正在購物,為即將到來的北京之旅作準(zhǔn)備。10.base

n.基地,大本營;基礎(chǔ)

vt.以……為基地【練會】單句填空①(全國Ⅰ卷)Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbased

ourpresentmentalregister.

②(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)ThisinformativewalkledbyRichardSmythintroducesyoutothe

(base)principlesofphotographyinthewild.

on/upon

basic【寫美】句式升級·背誦③Theirrelationshipisbasedonrespectandtrust,soitwilllastlong.→

,theirrelationshipwilllastlong.(用分詞作狀語改寫)

Basedonrespectandtrust

【歸納】(1)at

the

base

of...在……底部an

air

base空軍基地(2)base...on/upon...使……基于……be

based

on/upon以……為基礎(chǔ)(3)basic

adj.基本的,基礎(chǔ)的;初級的basis

n.基礎(chǔ)【佳句】Weshouldalwayskeepinmindthatourfutureis

based

onourknowledgeandskillsratherthangoodlooks.(應(yīng)用文之演講稿)我們應(yīng)該永遠(yuǎn)記住,我們的未來是基于我們的知識和技能,而不是漂亮的外表。11.observe

vt.看到,觀察到;觀察,觀測,監(jiān)視;注意;遵守;慶祝;紀(jì)念【練會】單句填空①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbackto

(observe)natureandaskingquestions.

②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomake

(observe)ofdifferentspecieswiththeaidofamobileapplication.

③Accordingto

(observe),theplaneexplodedshortlyaftertake-off.

observing

observationsobservers【寫美】句式升級·背誦④OnthetopofMountTaishan,peopleexcitedlyobservedthatthesunwasrising.(寫作話題之旅游)→OnthetopofMountTaishan,peopleexcitedly

.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)

observedthesunrising

【歸納】(1)observe

sb

do/doing

sth看到某人做了/正在做某事observe

that...觀察……observe

principles/rules遵守原則/規(guī)則(2)observer

n.觀察者observation

n.觀察,觀察力;觀測under

observation在觀察中,在監(jiān)視中【點(diǎn)津】observesbdoingsth強(qiáng)調(diào)“看到某人正在做某事”,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行;而observesbdosth則表示“觀察某人做了某事”,強(qiáng)調(diào)看到動作的全過程?！炯丫洹縒alkinginthepark,wecanobservemanybeautifulbirdsplayinghappilyonthetrees.在公園里散步時,我們可以看到許多美麗的小鳥在樹上快樂地玩耍。12.turn

one's

back

(on

sb/sth)

對……置之不理,對……撒手不管【練會】單句填空①(全國甲卷)Somewillturn

theirparentsorteachersforhelp.

②(全國Ⅱ卷)SoIdidtenpaintingsandtookthemtopublishers.Iwasturned

everywhere,exceptatonepublisher,whereayoungwomantoldmeIwasn'tverygood.SoifIwantedtopaintforabook,I'dneedtowriteoneonmyown.

③(2024·全國甲卷)ThistrainingtaughthertoreadandwriteherChineseupsidedown—askillthathasturned

tobequitepractical,especiallywheneverwesharethenewspaper.

④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Ifitisnotturned

bythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.

to

down

out

in【寫美】完成句子·背誦⑤面試時,你應(yīng)當(dāng)比約定時間提前幾分鐘到場。Attheinterview,youaresupposed

acoupleofminutesearlierthantheappointedtime.(應(yīng)用文之建議信)

toturnup

【歸納】turn

into

(使)變?yōu)?轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閠urn

for

(使)變得……turn

to

sb向某人求助turn

out結(jié)果是turn

down調(diào)小,拒絕turn

off關(guān)上turn

on打開turn

away轉(zhuǎn)身走開

turn

in上交turn

up出現(xiàn),露面,到場;調(diào)高(大);暴露出某物【佳句】Theyofferedherthejobbutsheturneditdown.他們要給她那份工作,但她拒絕了。13.run

out

用完;耗盡【練會】單句填空①Afterlessthanaweek,Istartednoticingthatthegrocerieswererunning

prettyquickly.

②Ifyougoonridingyourbikelikethis,you'llsoonerorlatergetrun

.

③Couldwerun

yourproposalsonceagain?

out

over

through【寫美】一句多譯車油耗盡了,我們不得不在最近的村子過夜。④

andwehadtoputupinthenearestvillage.(主語是人)

⑤

andwehadtoputupinthenearestvillage.(主語是物)

Weranoutofpetrol

Petrolranout

【歸納】run

away逃離run

off(從容器中)溢出,流出run

after追趕,追求run

into撞上,偶然遇見,遇到(困難等)run

across

偶然遇見(或看到)run

through

匆匆討論;快速閱讀;迅速傳遍【點(diǎn)津】(1)runoutof意為“用完”,通常以人作主語,可以帶賓語,可用于被動語態(tài)。(2)runout意為“用完;耗盡”,通常以物作主語,是不及物動詞短語,不能帶賓語,且不可用于被動語態(tài)?！炯丫洹緼shighschoolstudents,wewillrun

intoonedifficultyafteranotherintheprocessoflearning.(寫作話題之校園生活)作為高中生,在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中我們會遇到一個又一個困難。14.break

down

停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),出故障,損壞;失敗;(化學(xué))分解;精神崩潰;感情失去控制【練會】單句填空①(天津卷)The“HAPPYTOCHAT”bencheshelpbreak

theinvisiblesocialbarrierthatkeepspeoplefromsayinghello.

②Aterriblestormbreaking

,butfortunatelynohousesorotherbuildingsweredamaged.

③(北京卷)NortonSoundwascoveredwithice,whichcouldsometimesbreak

withoutwarning.

down

out

up

【寫美】句式升級·背誦④Theelevatordidn'tworkandwehadtowalkuptothetenthfloor.→

andwehadtowalkuptothetenthfloor.(同義句改寫)

Theelevatorbrokedown

【歸納】break

into破門而入,強(qiáng)行闖入(后接賓語);突然開始(哭、唱等);把……分成break

away

from突然掙脫,逃脫break

in強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入(in為副詞);打斷break

a

promise違背諾言break

the

law違反法律break

out

突然開始爆發(fā)break

through沖破,突破;克服,戰(zhàn)勝break

up破碎;解散;結(jié)束;(學(xué)校)期末放假【佳句】Scientistssaytheyarebeginningtobreak

throughinthefightagainstcancer.科學(xué)家們說,他們在防治癌癥方面開始有所突破。重點(diǎn)句型透視1.it

takes

(sb)

some

time

to

do

sth花費(fèi)(某人)多久去做某事【教材原句】Thatwasthedaywhenit

tookonlysix

hours

to

breakmybodyandsoul.(P30)那一天我的身體和靈魂只用了六個小時就支離破碎了?！揪殨客瓿删渥英俟喔冗@些田將會花費(fèi)農(nóng)民們一周的時間。

thefarmersaweek

thesefields.②我們花了兩個小時說服他改變主意。

twohours

himtochangehismind.(it作形式主語)

Itwilltake

toirrigate

Ittookus

topersuade

【寫美】一句多譯·背誦為即將到來的聚會做準(zhǔn)備花了我們好幾天的時間。③

forthecomingparty.(take)

④

forthecomingparty.(spend)

Ittookusafewdaystoprepare

Wespentafewdaysinpreparing

【歸納】(1)it

takes

(sb)

some

time

to

do

sth

表示“花費(fèi)(某人)多久去做某事”,其中it為形式主語,后面的動詞不定式為真正主語。(2)該句型可以用spend句型進(jìn)行改寫,spend常用句式為:sb

spend(s)

some

time

on

sth/in

doing

sth。另外,spend也可用以表示花錢。【佳句】It

took

us

three

hours

to

helpthefarmerstopickwatermelonsonthefarm.(寫作話題之社會實(shí)踐)在農(nóng)場幫那些農(nóng)民摘西瓜花費(fèi)了我們?nèi)齻€小時的時間。2.as

if好像【教材原句】Ifeltsick,as

ifIwasfallingfromamountaintopinadream.(P31)我覺得惡心,好像在夢中從山頂上掉下來似的?！揪殨客瓿删渥英俸⒆觽儗λ浅Ｓ押?甚至尊敬她,好像她就是他們自己的母親一樣。Thekidswereveryfriendlywithherandevenlookeduptoher

theirownmother.

②老師和我們進(jìn)行了談話,就好像他已經(jīng)知道了那件事。Theteachertalkedwithus

aboutthat.

asifshewere

asifhehadknown

【寫美】句式升級·背誦③Thestrangerwalkedbackandforthinthehallasifhewaslookingforsomething.→Thestrangerwalkedbackandforthinthehall

.(用省略句改寫)

④Tonystoodunderthetreewithhisheadbentasifhewascriticisedbyhismother.→Tonystoodunderthetreewithhisheadbent

.(用省略句改寫)

asiflookingforsomething

asifcriticisedbyhismother

【歸納】(1)此處as

if表示“好像”,引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句或表語從句。(2)as

though等同as

if,也用以引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句或表語從句。當(dāng)主句為一般將來時態(tài)時,even

if/as

though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。(3)as

if/as

though引導(dǎo)的從句中,如果主語和主句主語相同,且含有be動詞,可省略從句主語和be動詞,這樣as

if后就只剩下名詞、不定式、形容詞(短語)、介詞短語或分詞。(4)在as

if/as

though引導(dǎo)的從句中,應(yīng)根據(jù)情況確定是否應(yīng)用虛擬語氣。如果和事實(shí)相符用真實(shí)語氣,如果和事實(shí)不符則應(yīng)用虛擬語氣。【佳句】Waitingfortheresultofthecompetition,hefeltas

ifhishearthadstoppedbeating.(寫作話題之體育運(yùn)動)等待比賽的結(jié)果時,他感覺他的心臟好像已經(jīng)停止了跳動。3.what

if...?要是……怎么辦?【教材原句】Butwhat

if

I'mtrapped?(P104)但要是我困于其中怎么辦?【練會】完成句子①假若下起雨來,我們又沒處避雨可怎么辦?

whenwecan'tgetundershelter?

②萬一我生病不能去爬山了怎么辦?

andamunabletoclimbthehill?

③假如那天警察沒有經(jīng)過那家超市會怎么樣?

bythesupermarket?

Whatifitrains

WhatifIfallsick

Whatifthepolicemanhadn'tpassed

【寫美】句式升級·背誦④Whatwillwedoifourheadteacherdoesn'tagreewithus?→

ourheadteacherdoesn'tagreewithus?(同義句改寫)

【歸納】(1)“what

if...?”常用以提出假設(shè),表示“如果……會怎么樣?”“要是……怎么辦?”。(2)“what

if...?”后的句子可用陳述語氣(一般現(xiàn)在時),也可用虛擬語氣,針對現(xiàn)在和將來情況常用過去時態(tài),針對過去情況常用過去完成時態(tài)?！炯丫洹縒hat

ifthehabitatsoftheseanimalsweredestroyed?要是這些動物的棲息地被毀壞了怎么辦?Whatif

4.have

difficulty

(in)

doing

sth做某事有困難【教材原句】ThenexttogowasCaptainOates,whowashavinggreatdifficulty

walking.(P37)下一個離去的是奧次·埃文船長,他連走路都很困難?！揪殨繂尉涮羁闸貯newstudyshowsthattheoldmaystruggletocompletecomplextasksorhavedifficult