語法專題突破專題六

動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)和主謂一致英語2026高中全程總復習優(yōu)化設計GAOZHONGQUANCHENGZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI內容索引增素能?精準突破測效果?課堂評價增素能?精準突破[真題語境]1.(2024·天津3月卷)TheSmiths______theonlineshoppingexperienceinChinasincetheymovedbacktoNewZealandtwoyearsago.

A.hadbeenmissing B.weremissingC.havebeenmissing D.willbemissing2.(2024·天津3月卷)Thefencebetweenthetwotenniscourts______.Soonchildrenwillhaveenoughspaceforfootballgames.

A.areremoved

B.istoberemovedC.weretoberemoved

D.wasbeingremovedCB3.(2021·天津卷)Goodevening,everybody.ProfessorKing______hislectureinamoment,butletmeintroducehimfirst.

A.delivered B.willbedeliveringC.wasdelivering D.hasbeendelivering4.(2021·天津3月卷)Currently,about35,000works______inover300roomsintheLouvre,anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.

A.weredisplaying B.aredisplayingC.werebeingdisplayed D.arebeingdisplayedBD5.(2024·天津3月卷)Thisonlinecourse______,butyoucanstillaccessandusetheoriginalversion.

A.hasupdated

B.hadupdatedC.hasbeenupdated D.hadbeenupdated6.(2023·天津3月卷)Somerestaurantsarehappytoprovideafreecakeifyouletthemknowinadvancethatyou______agroupforabirthdayparty.

A.willbebringing B.havebroughtC.havebeenbringing

D.werebringingCA7.(2020·天津卷)Thenumberofmedicalschoolsreached18intheearly1990sand______aroundthatleveleversince.

A.areremaining B.haveremained C.isremaining D.hasremained8.(2020·天津第一次統(tǒng)考)—Themachineisworkingagain!—Yes,itbrokedownyesterday,butit______.

A.hasbeenfixed B.isbeingfixedC.hadbeenfixed D.wouldbefixedDA9.(2023·天津6月卷)Thewoodentowerthat______willbeopentotouristssoon,andtheworkisalmostfinished.

A.isbeingrestored B.isrestoredC.isrestoring D.restores10.(2023·天津3月卷)Humanimpactontheanimalkingdom,suchashuntinganddestructionofhabitats,______

areductioninthepopulationofcertainspeciesinthepastthreedecades.

A.hascaused B.havecausedC.wascausing D.werecausingAA[用法點撥]一、動詞的時態(tài)(一)一般體1.一般現(xiàn)在時(1)表示經常性、習慣性的動作或狀態(tài)。常與時間狀語often、always、sometimes、usually、everyday/week/year等連用。(2)表示按時間表、日程表的安排尚未發(fā)生但是周而復始、循環(huán)進行的動作。ThetraintoBeijingleavesathalfpastten,sowehaveonehourtogo.去北京的火車十點半發(fā)車,我們還有一個小時呢。(3)表示客觀真理或科學事實。Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewesteveryday.太陽每天東升西落。(4)在時間、條件、讓步狀語從句中以及themore...,themore...句式的第一個分句中,用現(xiàn)在時表將來。Ifyouworkharder,you'llsurelymakeit.如果你學習再努力點,你一定會成功的。2.一般過去時(1)指過去的情況或者所處的狀態(tài),或過去經常發(fā)生的動作。常與時間狀語yesterday、lastweek/year/night、twodaysago、thedaybeforeyesterday、in1998等連用。(2)表示“剛才;剛剛”,指現(xiàn)在已經不再這樣。Ididn'tnoticeyouwereherejustnow.我剛才沒有注意到你在這兒。3.一般將來時(1)willdo/be表示自然而然的將來或臨時的打算。—Thedoorbellisringing.——門鈴響了?！狪'llanswerthedoor.——我去開門吧。(2)begoingtodo表示“計劃”“打算”做某事或根據(jù)跡象暗示很可能會發(fā)生某事。Look!Darkcloudsaregathering.It'sgoingtorain.看!烏云聚集,馬上要下雨了。(3)beabouttodo表示“立刻”要發(fā)生的事,不與具體時間狀語連用,可用于was/wereabouttodo...when...(正要做……,這時……)中。Wewereabouttosetoffwhenmyphonerang.我們正要出發(fā),我的電話響了。(4)betodo/bedoing表示計劃、安排要發(fā)生的事,betodo還有“注定要發(fā)生”的意思。Theexperienceistochangehisfuturelife.這次經歷注定會改變他今后的生活。They'regettingmarriednextmonth.他們打算下個月結婚。4.過去將來時從過去的某個時間點看尚未發(fā)生的動作,一般在賓語從句中使用。Hepromisedhewouldnevermakethesamemistake.他答應再也不犯同樣的錯誤了。(二)完成體1.現(xiàn)在完成時(1)到目前為止已經發(fā)生的或完成的動作,并且對現(xiàn)在仍有影響,常與already、yet、sofar、uptonow、recently、eversince等時間狀語連用。We'veraised100,000yuanfortheprojectuptonow.到目前為止,我們已經為這個項目募集了10萬元了。(2)表示從過去某一時間開始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),常與時間狀語“for+時間段”或“since+時間點”連用。I'vetaughtinthisschoolsince1992/for30years.我從1992年開始就在這所學校任教/我已經在這個學校任教30年了。注意:在This/It/Thatisthefirst/second...timethat...中,that引導的定語從句用現(xiàn)在完成時。Thisisthesecondtimethatmyfatherhaswarnedmeofthedanger.這已經是我爸爸第二次提醒我注意這種危險了。2.現(xiàn)在完成進行時指一個始于過去的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且現(xiàn)在仍然在進行中。We'vebeendiscussingthisproblemfornearlytwohours.我們已經討論這個問題快兩個小時了。3.過去完成時(1)指到過去某一時間或動作為止已經完成的動作或發(fā)生的事情,即“過去的過去”。Theplayhadalreadystartedwhenwegottothetheatre.我們到劇場時戲劇已經開始了。(2)hope、expect、mean、intend、plan等用于過去完成時,表示過去未能實現(xiàn)的計劃、打算或愿望。Ihadintendedtofinishthetaskyesterday,butwasoccupiedwithotherthings.我原計劃昨天完成任務,但忙于別的事了。(3)用于Hardlyhadsbdonewhen...和Nosoonerhadsbdonethan...句式中,when或than后面的分句用一般過去時。NosoonerhadIgothomethanIbegantopreparefordinner.我一到家就開始做晚飯。注意:在This/That/Itwasthefirst/second...timethat...中,that引導的定語從句用過去完成時。ItwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI'dseensuchstarsfacetoface.這是一年半以來我第一次面對面看到這樣的星星。4.過去完成進行時指持續(xù)到過去某時的一個動作。Thestudentshadbeentalkingloudlybythetimetheteachercamein,whichmadehimannoyed.到老師進來的時候同學們一直在大聲說話,這讓他很惱火。5.將來完成時指到將來某一時間點為止,已經完成的動作。Bythetimeyouarrive,we'llhavebegunthecompetition.等你到達的時候,我們將已經開始比賽了。(三)進行體1.現(xiàn)在進行時(1)指此時此刻正在進行的動作。常與now、atpresent等時間狀語連用。Whatareyoudoingnow?你現(xiàn)在正在做什么?(2)表示將來的計劃、

打算或安排,相當于begoingtodo。(3)用于be(am/is/are)always/constantlydoing中,表示一種贊賞或厭惡的感情,意為“總是/不斷地……”。He'salwayshelpingothers.他總是幫助別人。YouareconstantlyinterruptingmewhenI'mspeaking.我說話時你不斷地打斷我。2.過去進行時(1)指過去某個時間點或時間段正在進行的動作。Theywerehavinganonlineartclassateightyesterdaymorning.昨天上午八點他們在上在線藝術課。(2)表示過去的計劃、打算或安排。(3)用于was(were)always/constantlydoing中,表示一種贊賞或厭惡的感情,意為“總是/不斷地……”。WhenIwasyoung,mymotherwasalwaysencouragingmetotry.我小的時候,媽媽總是鼓勵我去嘗試。3.將來進行時指在將來某時將正在進行的動作。We'llbetravellingacrossChinanextsummervacation.明年暑假我們將去中國旅游。二、動詞的語態(tài)(一)幾種常用時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)結構:1.一般現(xiàn)在時:am/is/aredone2.一般過去時:was/weredone3.一般將來時:will/shallbedone4.現(xiàn)在進行時:am/is/arebeingdone5.過去進行時:was/werebeingdone6.現(xiàn)在完成時:have/hasbeendone7.過去完成時:hadbeendone8.將來完成時:willhavebeendone(二)主動形式表示被動含義1.系動詞look、sound、smell、taste、feel、go、become、turn、fall、appear、seem、get、grow、keep、stay、remain后接形容詞或名詞,構成系表結構,不用被動形式。Youshouldstaycalmwhenyou'reindanger.遇到危險時你要保持冷靜。2.有些動詞用來描述主語性質、特征時,用主動形式表示被動含義,此時常有副詞修飾。Thesentencereadssmoothly.這個句子讀起來很順暢。Thiskindofmaterialdoesn'twasheasily.這種料子不容易清洗。三、主謂一致(一)基本規(guī)則:主語為復數(shù)名詞或表示復數(shù)意義的代詞時,句子謂語動詞用復數(shù),即動詞原形;主語為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,不可數(shù)名詞或表示單數(shù)概念的代詞時,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。(二)幾種主謂一致的特殊情況1.下列情況下謂語動詞用單數(shù)。(1)and連接兩個單數(shù)名詞,表示同一人或物時;Thesingeranddanceristoattendourparty.這名歌唱家兼舞蹈家要來參加我們的聚會。(2)every...andevery.../each...andeach.../no...andno.../manya...and(manya)...;Everyboyandeverygirlishere.每個男孩和女孩都在這兒。Manyateacherand(manya)studenthasseenthefilm.許多老師和學生都看過這部電影。(3)單數(shù)名詞+with、alongwith、togetherwith、aswellas、ratherthan、but、except;Tomaswellastwoofhisfriendswasinvitedtotheparty.湯姆和他的兩個朋友被要求參加聚會。(4)表示時間、重量、距離、價格、體積等名詞的復數(shù)作主語時;20,000dollarsisalargesumofmoney.兩萬美元是一大筆錢。(5)manya/morethanone+名詞單數(shù)。Manyapageinthisbookismissing.這本書缺了很多頁。Morethanonestudenthasfailedtheexam.不止一個學生考試不及格。2or...、either...or...、neither...nor...、not...but...、notonly...butalso...連接兩個并列成分作主語時,根據(jù)就近原則確定謂語動詞。NeitherInorheisinfavourofhermarriage.我和他都不贊成她結婚。EitheryouorIamgoingtobeinchargeofthismatter.要么你,要么我來負責這件事。3.集體名詞family、class、team、group、audience、committee等作主語時,強調整體時,謂語動詞用單數(shù);強調各成員時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。Ourfamilyisabigone.我們是一個大家庭。Thecrewarewatchingnews.船員們正在看新聞。4.trousers、pants、jeans、shorts、glasses等作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù),但apair/pieceof+trousers/pants/glasses、jeans/shorts等作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。5.people、police、cattle、poultry、clothes等集體名詞作主語,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。6.anumberof+復數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語動詞用復數(shù);thenumberof+復數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Anumberofstudentsarefromthesouth.許多學生來自南方。Thenumberofstudentsfromthenorthissmall.來自北方的學生人數(shù)很少。7.aquantityof+復數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù);quantitiesof+復數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。Alargequantityofbookshasbeenbought.已經買了大量的書。Greatquantitiesoffishwerecaught.捕獲了大量的魚。8.therest/following/分數(shù)/百分數(shù)接復數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語動詞用復數(shù);接不可數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。9.themajorityof+復數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語動詞用復數(shù);themajority作主語,謂語動詞單復數(shù)都可以。Themajorityofboyslikebasketball.大多數(shù)男孩喜歡籃球。Themajoritywas/wereinfavorofbanningsmoking.大多數(shù)人贊成禁煙。10.非謂語動詞作主語(todo/doing)時,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。Gettingupearlyisagoodhabit.早起是一個好習慣。11.What引導的名詞性從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù),但表示復數(shù)概念時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。Whathesaidleavesmuchforustothinkabout.他說的話留給我們很多思考。Whatheleftmearesomeoldbooks.他給我留下了一些舊書。12.兩個單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞用and連接,表示兩個不同概念作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。Steamandicearedifferentformsofwater.蒸汽和冰是不同形式的水。TomandJackwereclosefriends.湯姆和杰克是親密的朋友。測效果·課堂評價一、練基礎:單項填空1.A

Midsummer

Night's

Dream______attheTheatreRoyalon19thJune,andthentoursthroughoutScotland.

A.opens B.isopenedC.willopen D.willbeopened2.—Howareyoudoingwiththejobhunting?—I'mstillhesitatingwhethertoacceptthepositionI______atthejobfair.

A.hadbeenoffered B.wasofferedC.offered D.hadoffered3.Thisamusementparkwithalltheexcitingridesandotherfunactivities______alsohometooutdoorconcertseverysummer.

A.are B.havebeen

C.is

D.hasbeenABC4.Becausesociety______sorapidlyduringthelastfewyears,thegapbetweenthegenerationshasbecomelarger.

A.hasbeenchanging B.changedC.hadchanged D.waschanged5.Onthelastdayoftheirweek-longstay,John,aswellashisfriends,______toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars.

A.invited B.wasinvitedC.wereinvited D.hadbeeninvitedAB6.I'msureyou'lldowellintheexambecauseyou______sohardthisyear.

A.studied B.hadstudiedC.havebeenstudying D.hadbeenstudying7.Withthedevelopmentofscience,morenewtechnology______tothefieldsofIT.

A.hasintroduced B.isbeingintroducedC.isintroduced D.wasintroducedCB8.—WhyIdidn'tseeyouatJim'sbirthdaypartylastnight?—I______acallfrommyboss,tellingmetodosomeextrapaperwork.

A.havereceived B.wouldreceiveC.hadreceived D.received9.Mysistergraduatedfromuniversityin2017and______inabankeversince.

A.worked B.hasbeenworkedC.hasbeenworking D.hadworkedCC10.Afterseveralhoursofdiscussion,I______himintoacceptingtheproject.

A.persuaded B.wouldhavepersuadedC.waspersuading D.hadpersuaded11.Excuseme,madam.Ellen,ajournalistfromtheDaily

Mail______allday.Couldyouspeaktohernow?

A.wasphoned B.hasbeenphonedC.isphoning D.hasbeenphoningAD12.—Hi,I'mPeter.Areyounewhere?Ihaven'tseenyouaround.—Hello,Peter.I'mBob.Ijust______onMonday.

A.start B.startedC.havestarted D.hadstarted13.Bruce______intheofficeeverynightoverthelasttwoweeks.

A.works B.workedC.hasbeenworking D.hadbeenworkingBC14.Inthenearfuture,moreadvancesintherobottechnology______byscientists.

A.aremaking B.aremadeC.willmake D.willbemade15.ProfessorJohnson,alongwithhisstudents,______ontheprogramdayandnighttomeetthedeadlinenowadays.

A.wereworking B.areworkingC.wasworking D.isworkingDD16.IknowsomethingaboutCharlie,forhe______inmybrother'scompanyforthreemonthslastyear.

A.hadworked B.workedC.hadbeenworking D.wouldwork17.Thenumberofpeopleintheworld______about7.5billion,andthuslargequantitiesofwaste______eachyear.

A.totals;hasbeenproduced B.total;isproducedC.totals;areproduced D.total;arebeingproducedBC18.Thefirstpartofhisspeechcaughtmyattention,buttherest______ratherdull.

A.was B.areC.is D.were19.—Youknowquitealotaboutthenewmovie.—Well,Anna______ittomeduringbreak.

A.introduces B.introducedC.hadintroduced D.willintroduce20.Theship______just______theferryterminalwhenthefirewasdetectedintheengineroomandreturnedsoon.

A.is;leaving B.has;leftC.have;left D.had;leftABD21.Don'tworry.Thehardworkthatyoudonow______laterinlife.

A.willberepaid B.wasbeingrepaidC.hasbeenrepaid D.wasrepaid22.Deletetheshortmessageatonce!Manyaman______bysuchtricksuptonow.

A.arecheated B.ischeatedC.havebeencheated D.hasbeencheated23.Mr.White,who______inShanghaiforsevenyears,isamanagerofacompanyinBeijing.

A.wasworking B.workedC.hadworked D.hasworkedADB二、練語篇:完形填空The

Homeless

HeroFormany,findinganunattendedwalletfilledwith￡400incashwouldbeasource(來源)oftemptation(誘惑).Butthe

1

wouldnodoubtbegreaterifyouwerelivingonthestreetswithlittlefoodandmoney.AllofthismakestheactionsofthehomelessTomSmith

2

moreremarkable.

Afterspottinga

3

onthefrontseatinsideaparkedcarwithitswindowdown,hestoodguardintherainforabouttwohourswaitingforthe

4

toreturn.

Afterhoursinthecoldandwet,he

5

insideandpulledthewalletouthopingtofindsomeIDsohecouldcontact(聯(lián)系)thedriver,onlyto

6

itcontained￡400innotes,withanother￡50insparechangebesideit.

Hethentookthewallettoanearbypolicestationafter

7

anotebehindtolettheownerknowitwassafe.Whenthecar'sownerJohnAndersonandhiscolleagueCarolLawrencereturnedtothecar—whichwasitselfworth￡35,000—inGlasgowcitycentre,theywere

8

tofindtwopolicemenstandingnexttoit.ThepolicementoldthemwhatMr.Smithdidandthatthewalletwas

9

.

ThepairwerelaterabletothankMr.Smithforhis

10

.

Mr.Andersonsaid:“Icouldn'tbelievethattheguynevertookapenny.Tothinkheissleepingonthestreetstonight

11

hecouldhavestolenthemoneyandpaidforaplacetostayin.Thisguyhasnothingand

12

hedidn'ttakethewalletforhimself;hethoughtaboutothers

13

.It'sunbelievable.Itjustprovesthereare

14

guysoutthere.”

Mr.Smith'sact

15

muchofthepublic'sattention.HealsowonpraisefromsocialmediausersafterMr.Anderson

16

abouttheactofkindnessonMeta.

NowMr.Andersonhassetupanonlinecampaignto

17

moneyforMr.Smithandotherhomelesspeopleinthearea,whichbyyesterdayhadreceived￡8,000.“Ithinkthefaiththateveryonehasshown

18

himhastouchedhim.Peoplehavebeenapproachinghiminthestreet;he'shadjob

19

andallsorts,”Mr.Andersoncommented.

ForMr.Smith,thisisapossiblelife-changing

20

.Thestoryonceagaintellsusthatonegoodturndeservesanother.

1.A.hope B.aim C.urge

D.effort2.A.still B.even C.ever D.once3.A.wallet B.bag C.box

D.parcel4.A.partner B.colleague C.owner D.policeman5.A.turned B.hid C.stepped D.reached6.A.discover B.collect C.check D.believe7.A.taking B.leaving C.reading D.writing8.A.satisfied B.excited C.amused D.shocked9.A.safe B.missing C.found D.seen10.A.service B.support C.kindness D.encouragement11.A.when B.if C.where

D.because12.A.rather B.yet C.already D.just13.A.too B.though C.again D.instead14.A.honest B.polite C.rich D.generous15.A.gave B.paid C.cast

D.drew16.A.learned B.posted C.cared D.heard17.A.borrow B.raise C.save D.earn18.A.of B.at

C.for

D.in19.A.details B.changes C.offers D.applications20.A.lesson B.adventure C.chance D.challenge答案與解析1.C

解析:上文提到,對許多人來說,一個無人看管的裝有400英鎊的錢包無疑是一種誘惑,結合But的轉折可知,如果你是一個幾乎沒有什么錢和食物并露宿街頭的人,這種誘惑帶來的“沖動(urge)”無疑會更大,故選C項。2.B

解析:結合上文提到的人們通常對于誘惑有一種渴望可知,這使得無家可歸的湯姆的行為“更加(even)”引人注目,故選B項。3.A

解析:根據(jù)第三段中的“After

hours

in

the

c