語法專題突破專題十一

特殊句式英語2026高中全程總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)GAOZHONGQUANCHENGZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI內(nèi)容索引增素能?精準(zhǔn)突破測(cè)效果?課堂評(píng)價(jià)增素能?精準(zhǔn)突破[真題語境]1.(2019·天津卷)Theprofessorwarnedthestudentsthatonnoaccount______usemobilephonesinhisclass.

A.shouldthey B.theyshouldC.darethey D.theydare2.(2018·天津卷)Itwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhouse______wesawLilyinthepassengerseat.

A.which B.that C.when D.whereAB3.(2018·天津3月卷)Whatwasit______broughtyoutwotogether?Wasityourloveofmusic?

A.as B.who

C.that D.which4.(2017·天津卷)ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartment______Ifirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.

A.who B.whereC.which D.thatCD[用法點(diǎn)撥]一、倒裝1.完全倒裝(1)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方位和動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)移的副詞,如當(dāng)there,here,now,then,up,down,out,in,away位于句首,句子謂語是go,come,run等不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),可將謂語全部置于主語之前。但主語是人稱代詞時(shí),不倒裝。Upwentthearrowintotheair.箭射上了天。(2)當(dāng)句首狀語為表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語時(shí),也常常用全部倒裝。Underthetreestandsalittleboy.樹下站著個(gè)小男孩。(3)such作表語置于句首時(shí),也常常用全部倒裝。SuchwasEinstein,asimplemanbutagreatscientist.這就是愛因斯坦,一位樸實(shí)而又偉大的科學(xué)家。(4)表語置于句首時(shí),倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語+系動(dòng)詞+主語”。①形容詞+系動(dòng)詞+主語Presentatthemeetingweresomeexperts.到會(huì)的是一些專家。②過去分詞+系動(dòng)詞+主語Gonearethedayswhenwewalkedtowork.我們步行上班的時(shí)代一去不復(fù)返了。③介詞短語+系動(dòng)詞+主語Amongthegoodsareflowers,candlesandtoys.貨物中有花、蠟燭和玩具。2.部分倒裝(1)句子以never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely等表示否定意義的副詞以及bynomeans,notuntil,notonly,onnocondition,innocase等表示否定意義的短語開頭,要用部分倒裝語序。NeverhaveIheardAmericanmusicplayedbetterinaforeignland.我在外國(guó)從來沒有聽到過演奏得這么好的美國(guó)音樂。Notonlydothenurseswantapayincrease,theyalsowanttoreduceworkinghours.護(hù)士們不僅想要增加報(bào)酬,而且還想減少工作時(shí)間。(2)當(dāng)句子用so,nor,neither開頭,說明前面一句話中的情況也適用于另外一些人或物時(shí),要用部分倒裝語序。TomlikesEnglish,andsodoI.湯姆喜歡英語,我也喜歡英語。(3)在so/such...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中,為了強(qiáng)調(diào),把so/such提到句首時(shí),要用部分倒裝語序。Sofastdoesherunthatheisfaraheadofothers.他跑得那么快以至于遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了其他人。(4)as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)句子要用倒裝語序。在as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,作表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不用加任何冠詞。Childasheis,heknowsalot.盡管他是個(gè)孩子,但他懂得很多。(5)在省略if的虛擬條件句中,were,had或should要提到句首構(gòu)成倒裝。Hadyoucomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.如果你早來幾分鐘,你就能看見他了。(6)當(dāng)only所修飾的副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句位于句首時(shí),采用部分倒裝形式。要注意“only+主語”用在句首時(shí)不倒裝。OnlywhenJohnwalkedintotheclassroomdidherealisethathehadlefthisbookathome.直到約翰走進(jìn)教室,他才意識(shí)到自己把書落在家里了。Onlyyoucanhelpme.只有你能幫助我。(7)用于某些表示祝愿的句子。Mayyousucceed!祝你成功!(8)neither...nor...連接兩個(gè)并列分句時(shí),這兩個(gè)分句都要用倒裝形式。NeitherdoIknowit,nordoIcareaboutit.我既不知道這件事,也不關(guān)心這件事。二、省略1.不定式中的省略(1)單獨(dú)使用不定式符號(hào)to代替不定式后被省略的動(dòng)詞,常用在beafraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,try,want,wish等詞后;或放在表情緒的詞后,代替被省略的動(dòng)詞,常見詞有g(shù)lad,happy,pleased等;但是,如果不定式中含有be,have,havebeen,則不應(yīng)省略。Iaskedhimtoseethefilm,buthedidn'twantto.我叫他去看電影,但他不想去。Heisnotalawyernow,butheusedtobe.他現(xiàn)在已不是律師了,但他曾經(jīng)是。Yourworkhasn'tbeenhandedin,butitoughttohavebeen.你的作業(yè)還沒交,但早該上交了。(2)感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞(feel,notice,see,hear,let,make,have等)后接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)常省略to。Iheardmyfathersinginthekitchen.我聽見爸爸在廚房里唱歌。(3)在由and或or連接的并列不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中常省略后面的to。Iwanttofinishmyhomeworkandgohome.我想完成作業(yè)然后回家。(4)在donothingbut,can'thelpbut,whynot,wouldrather...than...,hadbetter等句型中省略to。Thelittleboycoulddonothingbutcry.小男孩只能哭,別無他法。2.狀語從句中的省略(1)在由when,while,if,asif,although/though,as,until,once,whether,where等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致且從句謂語含有be時(shí),可省略狀語從句的主語和be。When(hewas)young,hehelpedhisparentsdoalotofhousework.他小的時(shí)候幫父母干了很多家務(wù)活。(2)當(dāng)從句的主語是it,謂語動(dòng)詞是be動(dòng)詞時(shí),可以把it和be一起省略。此時(shí)構(gòu)成“連詞+形容詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。Though(itwas)cold,hestillworeashirt.盡管天冷,但他仍然穿著一件襯衣。(3)在ifso/not省略句式中,用so/not代替上文的內(nèi)容。Getupearlytomorrow.Ifnot(=Ifyoudon'tgetupearlytomorrow),youwillmisstheearlybus.明天早點(diǎn)起床,不然的話,你就會(huì)錯(cuò)過早班車。三、強(qiáng)調(diào)句1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本構(gòu)成為:Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+who/that+其他成分。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí),可用who或that;被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指物時(shí),用that。ItwasJohnwho/thatworehisbestsuittothedancelastnight.是約翰昨晚穿著他最好的一套西裝去參加舞會(huì)。ItwashisbestsuitthatJohnworetothedancelastnight.約翰昨晚是穿著他最好的一套西裝去參加舞會(huì)的。2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問句形式強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句形式為

“Is/Wasit+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他成分?”;特殊疑問句形式為“特殊疑問詞+is/wasit+that/who+其他成分?”。Wasitinhighschoolthatyoubeganplayingbasketball?你是不是在高中的時(shí)候開始打籃球的?Wherewasitthatyouputyourmobilephoneaftercomingback?你回來之后把手機(jī)放在什么地方了?3.not...until...結(jié)構(gòu)在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中not...until...結(jié)構(gòu)中的狀語成分在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中被強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),not與until要放在一起。Bachdiedin1750,butitwasnotuntiltheearly19thcenturythathismusicalgiftwasfullyrecognised.巴赫于1750年去世,但直到19世紀(jì)早期他的音樂才華才受到普遍認(rèn)可。ItwasnotuntilheremovedhissunglassesthatIrecognisedhim.直到他把太陽鏡摘下來我才將他認(rèn)了出來。四、附加疑問句1.陳述部分含有賓語從句的附加疑問句(1)當(dāng)陳述部分帶有賓語從句時(shí),附加疑問部分的主語與謂語常和主句保持一致。Hesaidthattheywouldcometomybirthdayparty,didn'the?他說他們要來參加我的生日聚會(huì),是嗎?(2)當(dāng)陳述部分主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine,且主句主語為第一人稱時(shí),附加疑問部分的主語和謂語與賓語從句的主語和謂語保持一致;當(dāng)陳述部分主句的主語為第二、三人稱時(shí),后面的疑問部分的主語和謂語與主句的主語和謂語保持一致。Theydon'tbelievehewillsucceed,dothey?他們不相信他會(huì)成功,是嗎?2.陳述部分含有否定詞的附加疑問句當(dāng)陳述部分帶有seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little,nothing,nobody等否定詞時(shí),附加疑問部分用肯定形式。但帶有表示否定意義的前綴構(gòu)成的詞時(shí),其附加疑問部分用否定形式。HecouldhardlyspeakEnglish,couldhe?他幾乎不會(huì)說英語,是嗎?Hedislikesplayingthepiano,doesn'the?他不喜歡彈鋼琴,是嗎?五、祈使句1.祈使句+and+簡(jiǎn)單句“祈使句+and+簡(jiǎn)單句”表示“如果……就……”。Contributeabitlove,andyouwillmaketheworldanicerplacetolivein.只要你能獻(xiàn)出一點(diǎn)愛,你就會(huì)使這個(gè)世界成為一個(gè)更好的居住家園。2.祈使句+or+簡(jiǎn)單句“祈使句+or+簡(jiǎn)單句”表示“……否則……”。Listentotheteachercarefullyinclass,oryoucan'tcatchwhatheissaying.上課時(shí)仔細(xì)聽老師講,否則你聽不懂他在說什么。注意:有時(shí)名詞短語可以看作祈使句。AfewmoreminutesandIwillfinishthework.再給我?guī)追昼娢揖蜁?huì)完成這項(xiàng)工作。六、感嘆句1.Whata(n)+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!Whataninterestingstoryitis!多么有趣的故事啊!Whatahappydayitis!多么快樂的一天啊!2.What+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!Whatbeautifulbutterfliestheyare!多么漂亮的蝴蝶啊!3.How+形容詞+a(n)+單數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!Howtallaboyheis!這個(gè)男孩真高啊!4.How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語!Howwellsheplays!她演奏得多好啊!測(cè)效果·課堂評(píng)價(jià)一、練基礎(chǔ):單項(xiàng)填空1.Wecouldhavesometeststoseewhat,______,iswrong,andseewhetherwecandosomethingtofixit.

A.whennecessary B.thoughenoughC.ifanything D.aspossible2.Mrs.Greendoesn'tbelievethathersonisabletodesignautomobiles,_____?A.ishe B.isn'theC.doesn'tshe D.doessheCD3.Isitheoryou______inchargeofthejobandsupposedtocompleteitpunctually?

A.whois B.thatis

C.whoare D.whomare4.Neverbefore______suchamovingfilm!

A.didIsee B.haveIseenC.Ihaveseen D.Ihadseen5.Aroundthispoint______,whichishumorousandfullofastronglocalflavor.

A.thestorydevelops

B.doesthestorydevelopC.developsthestory

D.thestorydevelopedCBC6.Notuntiltheendoftheperformance______thechancetotakephotoswiththerespectableactor.

A.theaudiencegotB.theaudiencehadgotC.didtheaudiencegetD.hadtheaudiencegot7.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,seldom______giveitup.

A.hewill B.doesheC.wouldhe D.willhe8.Itwasthen

IrealizedMum'sseatwasempty!

A.who B.whereC.that D.whichCDC9.Youcan'timagine______wehadwhenwemeteightyearsafterourgraduation.

A.whatinterestingtalkB.whataninterestingtalkC.howinterestingthetalkD.howinterestingtalk10.Justaswewereabouttostartoff,______inthesky.

A.appeartheresomeblackcloudsB.thereappearsomeblackcloudsC.someblackcloudsthereappearD.theresomeblackcloudsappearBB11.Onlywhenyouareawayfromyourfamily______theimportanceofstayingwithyourparents.

A.youwillfind B.willyoufindC.haveyoufound D.youhavefound12.Nosooner______totherailwaystationthanthetrain______.

A.hadIgot;left B.Ihadgot;leftC.didIget;hadleft D.Igot;hadleftBA13.—Ican'trideabicycle,andIwillneverlearnhowto.—______.

A.EithercanI B.NeitherwillIC.Soit'swithme D.Isitthesamewithme14.—Lucyhardlyplaysfootball,______?

—No,shedoesn't.A.doesshe

B.doesn'tsheC.isshe

D.isn'tsheCA15.Onlywhentheyreachedtherestaurant______thatitwasthesameplacetheyhadbeeninlastyear.

A.hadtheyrealized

B.theydidrealizeC.realizedthey

D.didtheyrealize16.______

Tomfinishedhisspeechwhentheaudiencestartedapplauding.

A.Nosoonerhad B.HadnosoonerC.Hardlyhad D.HadscarcelyDC二、練語篇:閱讀表達(dá)WhenKatieStaglianowas9yearsold,shewasgivenaclassprojecttogrowherfirstcabbagefromjustoneseed.Shetookithomeandplanteditinthebackcornerofherhomegarden.Itdidn'teventakealongtimetocomeupandbegintogrow.Butasfriendscameover,theypointedoutthatitwasbiggerthananyoftheirs.Theyaskedherwhatshedidandshejusttoldthemthatshewaterediteveryday.Thecabbageendedupweighing40pounds!Katiethendecidedthatshecouldusethiscabbagetodosomethingniceforthecommunity.Soshetookthehugecabbagetoalocalsoupkitchen(施舍處),wheretheyusedit,andcookeditwithhamandrice.Andbecauseofhercabbage,275peoplewerefed.Shebegantorealizethatgardeningandhelpingpeopleiswhatshelikestodomost.So,shedecidedtostartherfirstgardenonaplotoflanddonatedbyherschool.Now,just9yearslater,Katieis18yearsold,andhassetupherownbusinesscalled“Katie'sKrops”withthehelpofherfriends.Butthisdoesn'tevencomeclosetotheotheramazingpart.Shehasraisedover200,000dollars!Andthereareover100Katie'sKropswithin33statesintheUnitedStates.Shelovesgardeningandlovesinspiringotherchildrentoexperiencethejoyofgardeningaswell.NotonlydoesKatiehaveagreenthumb,butshehassomuch