2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解長篇閱讀詞匯突破與真題答案考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷第一部分閱讀理解閱讀下面的文章，回答問題。Theriseoftheso-called"gigeconomy"hasbeenoneofthemostsignificanttransformationsinthelabormarketoverthepastdecade.Fueledbydigitalplatformsthatconnectserviceproviderswithcustomersonaflexible,oftenshort-termbasis,industriesfromtransportationandfooddeliverytofreelancewritingandgraphicdesignhavebeenreshaped.Whileofferingunprecedentedflexibilityandopportunitiesformanyindividuals,particularlyforthoseseekingalternativeworkarrangements,thegigeconomyalsopresentsacomplexarrayofchallengesthatdemandcarefulconsideration.Proponentsarguethatthegigeconomyempowersworkersbygivingthemcontrolovertheirschedulesandtheabilitytochooseprojectsthatalignwiththeirinterestsandskills.Thisautonomyisparticularlyappealingtostudents,parents,retirees,andotherswhorequirenon-traditionalworkarrangements.Furthermore,companiesbenefitfromaccessingavast,talentedpoolofworkerswithouttheoverheadcostsassociatedwithfull-timeemployees,suchasbenefits,taxes,andlong-termcommitments.Thescalabilityofferedbygigplatformsallowsbusinessestoeasilyadjusttheirworkforceupordownbasedonfluctuatingdemand,alevelofagilitythattraditionalemploymentstructuresstruggletomatch.However,theflexibilityofferedoftencomesataprice.Manygigworkerslackthesecurityandbenefitsprovidedtotraditionalemployees,suchashealthinsurance,paidleave,andretirementplans.Thetransientnatureofgigworkmeansincomecanbeunpredictable,leadingtofinancialinstabilityforsome.Criticsalsopointoutthepotentialforexploitation,asthepowerdynamicoftenfavorsplatformcompanies,whichsettherulesandpricing,sometimesleavingworkerswithlittleleverage.Concernsaboutworkerclassification—whethergigworkersshouldbeclassifiedasemployeesorindependentcontractors—haveledtoongoinglegalbattlesandregulatorydebatesinvariouscountries,asgovernmentsgrapplewithhowtoadaptexistinglaborlawstothisnewreality.Thetechnologyunderpinningthegigeconomycontinuestoevolverapidly.Artificialintelligenceandalgorithmicmanagementsystemsareincreasinglyusedtoassigntasks,setprices,andmonitorworkerperformance.Whilethisenhancesefficiency,itcanalsocontributetojobinsecurityanddifficultyforworkerstobuildlong-termcareerpathswithintheseplatforms.Moreover,theemphasisondataandperformancemetricscancreateintensepressureonworkerstoconstantlyoptimizetheirprofilesandworkhabitstosecuremoregigs.Thisfocusonindividualperformancemayalsofosterasenseofcompetitionratherthancollaborationamongworkerswhocouldpotentiallybenefitfromcollectiveaction.Asthegigeconomycontinuestoexpanditsreach,societalquestionsarisebeyondtheindividualworker.Thewidespreadadoptionofgigworkcouldcontributetoabroadershiftawayfromtraditionalemploymentmodels,potentiallyalteringsocialsafetynetsandtheveryfabricofcommunitylife,wheretraditionalworkplacesoftenservedassocialhubs.Educatorsandpolicymakersarealsosearchingforwaystopreparetheworkforceforthedemandsofthegigeconomy,includingdevelopingskillsrelevanttoproject-basedworkanddigitalplatforms,whilealsoconsideringhowtosupportthewell-beingofworkersinthisincreasinglydominantsectorofthemoderneconomy.Questions:1.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeoftheprimaryadvantagesclaimedbyproponentsforthegigeconomy?2.Theword"overhead"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:3.Whatspecificconcernsareraisedbycriticsregardingthefinancialsecurityofgigworkers?4.Inwhatwaysdoesthepassagesuggestthattechnology,particularlyAIandalgorithms,impactthegigeconomy?5.Thephrase"alteringsocialsafetynets"inthefinalparagraphreferstopotentialchangesin:6.Basedontheinformationprovided,whatistheauthor'smainpurposeindiscussingthegigeconomy?7.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?8.Considerthecontrastpresentedbetweentheappealofgigworkforindividualsneedingflexibleschedulesandthechallengesfacedbyworkersregardingbenefitsandsecurity.Whatdoesthiscontrasthighlightaboutthecomplexityofthegigeconomy?第二部分寫作根據(jù)以下提示，寫一篇150詞左右的短文。Manypeoplebelievethatparticipatinginextracurricularactivitiesiscrucialforstudents'development,whileothersarguethatthefocusshouldprimarilybeonacademicstudies.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.---試卷答案第一部分閱讀理解1.Proponentsarguethatthegigeconomyempowersworkersbygivingthemcontrolovertheirschedulesandtheabilitytochooseprojectsthatalignwiththeirinterestsandskills.Thisautonomyisparticularlyappealingtostudents,parents,retirees,andotherswhorequirenon-traditionalworkarrangements.Furthermore,companiesbenefitfromaccessingavast,talentedpoolofworkerswithouttheoverheadcostsassociatedwithfull-timeemployees,suchasbenefits,taxes,andlong-termcommitments.Thescalabilityofferedbygigplatformsallowsbusinessestoeasilyadjusttheirworkforceupordownbasedonfluctuatingdemand,alevelofagilitythattraditionalemploymentstructuresstruggletomatch.*解析思路：題目問的是支持者認(rèn)為零工經(jīng)濟的主要優(yōu)勢是什么。定位到文章第二段開頭，明確提出了支持者的觀點，包括賦予工人自主權(quán)（控制時間、選擇項目）、滿足特定人群的非傳統(tǒng)工作需求、為公司提供靈活且無固定成本的人才庫以及平臺提供的可擴展性。將這些要點概括即可。2.cost*解析思路：題目要求找出"overhead"最接近的意思。根據(jù)上下文，gigworkallowscompaniestoaccessa"vast,talentedpoolofworkerswithoutthe______costsassociatedwithfull-timeemployees,suchasbenefits,taxes,andlong-termcommitments."描述傳統(tǒng)員工帶來的額外負(fù)擔(dān)。結(jié)合"benefits,taxes,andlong-termcommitments"（福利、稅收、長期承諾）這些都是傳統(tǒng)雇傭關(guān)系中公司需要承擔(dān)的額外費用或開銷。因此，"cost"是最合適的詞。3.Thetransientnatureofgigworkmeansincomecanbeunpredictable,leadingtofinancialinstabilityforsome.Concernsaboutworkerclassification—whethergigworkersshouldbeclassifiedasemployeesorindependentcontractors—haveledtoongoinglegalbattlesandregulatorydebatesinvariouscountries,asgovernmentsgrapplewithhowtoadaptexistinglaborlawstothisnewreality.*解析思路：題目問的是批評者對零工工人財務(wù)安全的具體擔(dān)憂。定位到第三段，明確提到了兩點擔(dān)憂：一是零工工作的“臨時性”（transientnature）導(dǎo)致收入不穩(wěn)定，造成“財務(wù)不穩(wěn)定”（financialinstability）；二是關(guān)于“工人分類”（workerclassification）的不確定性，即作為雇員還是獨立承包商，這導(dǎo)致了法律和監(jiān)管上的爭議，影響了他們的權(quán)益保障。概括這兩點即可。4.Artificialintelligenceandalgorithmicmanagementsystemsareincreasinglyusedtoassigntasks,setprices,andmonitorworkerperformance.Whilethisenhancesefficiency,itcanalsocontributetojobinsecurityanddifficultyforworkerstobuildlong-termcareerpathswithintheseplatforms.Thisfocusondataandperformancemetricscancreateintensepressureonworkerstoconstantlyoptimizetheirprofilesandworkhabitstosecuremoregigs.*解析思路：題目問的是技術(shù)（特別是AI和算法）如何影響零工經(jīng)濟。定位到第四段，明確指出AI和算法被用于分配任務(wù)、設(shè)定價格和監(jiān)控工人表現(xiàn)，這提高了效率但也導(dǎo)致了工作不安全感，使得工人難以在平臺上建立長期職業(yè)路徑，并給工人帶來了優(yōu)化自身以獲取更多工作的壓力。概括這些影響即可。5.socialwelfareprogramsorsystemsdesignedtoprovidefinancialassistanceandsupporttoindividualsorfamiliesinneed.*解析思路：題目要求解釋"alteringsocialsafetynets"的意思。根據(jù)上下文，這句話討論的是零工經(jīng)濟的普及可能帶來的社會影響。"Socialsafetynets"通常指社會保障體系或福利項目，為有需要的人提供經(jīng)濟援助和支持。文章提到，零工經(jīng)濟可能改變（alter）這些傳統(tǒng)的安全網(wǎng)，暗示這些體系可能需要調(diào)整或面臨挑戰(zhàn)，以適應(yīng)零工經(jīng)濟帶來的變化。6.Topresentabalancedviewofthegigeconomybydiscussingitsadvantagesanddisadvantages,aswellastheassociatedchallengesandsocietalimplications.*解析思路：題目問的是作者寫這篇文章的主要目的。通讀全文，文章既提到了支持者的觀點和優(yōu)勢（第一、二段），也提到了批評者的觀點和劣勢/挑戰(zhàn)（第三、四段），還討論了其社會影響（第五段）。作者呈現(xiàn)了正反兩方面的信息，并涉及法律、技術(shù)、社會等多個層面，因此目的是全面、客觀地展現(xiàn)零工經(jīng)濟的全貌，讓讀者了解其復(fù)雜性。7.Theintensepressureplacedongigworkerstoconstantlyoptimizetheirperformancetosecureincomecanleadtoburnoutandnegativelyimpacttheirwell-being.*解析思路：題目要求推斷文章內(nèi)容。第四段提到，對數(shù)據(jù)和績效指標(biāo)的側(cè)重“可以創(chuàng)造出對工人不斷優(yōu)化其個人資料和工作習(xí)慣以獲取更多零工的巨大壓力”。由此可以推斷，這種持續(xù)的優(yōu)化壓力可能導(dǎo)致工人倦?。╞urnout）和對其福祉（well-being）產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。原文沒有直接說這一點，但這是基于文中信息的合理推斷。8.Thepotentialbenefitsandflexibilityofferedbythegigeconomyforindividualscanbesignificantlyunderminedbythelackofsecurity,benefits,andstabilityassociatedwithnon-traditionalworkarrangements.*解析思路：題目要求考慮文章中提到的靈活性與缺乏保障之間的對比，并說明這個對比突出了什么。第一段強調(diào)了零工經(jīng)濟給個人帶來的靈活性和自主權(quán)（benefitsandflexibility），而第三段則詳細(xì)闡述了工人缺乏保障、收入不穩(wěn)定、缺乏福利等問題（lackofsecurity,benefits,andstability）。這種對比突顯了零工經(jīng)濟雖然看似好處多（靈活性），但實際存在的風(fēng)險和代價（缺乏保障），顯示了這種新型經(jīng)濟模式的復(fù)雜性和兩難之處。第二部分寫作Extracurricularactivitiesplayasignificantroleinstudents'development,offeringbenefitsthatextendbeyondacademics.Proponentsarguethattheseactivitiesarecrucialastheyfosteressentialskillssuchasteamwork,leadership,andcommunication,whicharevitalforfuturesuccess.Theyalsoprovideopportunitiesforpersonalgrowth,helpingstudentsdiscoverin