PAGE1銜接點(diǎn)07主謂一致（初高銜接點(diǎn)及差異）初中階段高中階段語(yǔ)法一致原則：主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)通常在語(yǔ)法形式上保持一致,即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采用單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。意義一致原則：意義一致又叫概念一致,即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式要看主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的概念。高中“主謂一致”主要學(xué)習(xí)句中主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化外，還要考慮到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。主要從并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)的一致和單一主語(yǔ)情況下對(duì)謂語(yǔ)的要求，以及其他一些特殊情況下的主謂一致。銜接指引初中階段考查形式：側(cè)重于語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的識(shí)記和簡(jiǎn)單運(yùn)用，多以單句填空、選擇題等基礎(chǔ)形式考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。高中階段考查形式：注重語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的靈活運(yùn)用和理解，更多地在語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)法填空中綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)?！境踔兄髦^一致考點(diǎn)聚焦】1．There________abasketballmatchbetweenClassOneandClassThreetomorrow.A．isgoingtobe B．willhave C．a(chǎn)regoingtobe D．isgoingtohave2．—Eitheryouorhe________goingtoplanttreesthisSundayinthevillage.—Yes.It’sagreatideatoprotectthelocalenvironment.A．a(chǎn)re B．is C．were D．be3．________beanewexhibitionaboutAItechnologyatthesciencemuseumnextmonth.A．Thereis B．Therewill C．Itwill D．Thereare4．Youdon’tneedtotakeanycash(現(xiàn)金)whenshopping.Youmaypayby________Alipay(支付寶)________WeChat(微信).A．either;or B．neither;nor C．not;but D．between;and5．________thestudentsinourschoolisaboutthreethousand.Look!________themareplantingtrees.A．Anumberof;Thenumberof B．Anumberof;AnumberofC．Thenumberof;Thenumberof D．Thenumberof;Anumberof6．Justremember______success______failureisyourfinalresult.Theyarejustpartsofyourlife.A．both;and B．notonly;butalso C．either;or D．neither;nor7．—Tom,aswellashisfriends,________interestedinrobotics.—Theyoftenbuildmodelstogether.A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．was D．were8．Thesetofkeys________Tina’sandthefamily________watchingTV.A．is;is B．a(chǎn)re;are C．is;are D．a(chǎn)re;is9．Myfamilyalways________dumplingstogetherduringtheSpringFestival.A．make B．makes C．making D．ismaking10．TheSmiths______supperatsevenlastnight.A．washaving B．werehaving C．ishaving D．a(chǎn)rehaving【高中主謂一致考點(diǎn)聚焦】課標(biāo)解讀在英語(yǔ)表達(dá)中，句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上要和主語(yǔ)保持一致，我們稱(chēng)之為“主謂一致”。要做到主謂一致，除了要考慮外，還要考慮到。典型例句：1.EitherheorIamwrong.不是他錯(cuò)了，就是我錯(cuò)了。2.ThesingeranddancercomesfromShanghai.那位歌舞演員來(lái)自上海。3.Anumberofstudentslikeplayingfootball.許多學(xué)生喜歡踢足球?？键c(diǎn)清單一、主謂一致核心原則主謂一致主要遵循三大原則：語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致和就近一致。語(yǔ)法一致：依據(jù)主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：“Thegirlreadsabook.”（女孩讀書(shū)。）“Girlsreadbooks.”（女孩們讀書(shū)。）意義一致：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的實(shí)際意義。例如：“Tendollarsisenoughforthispurchase.”（十美元足以用于這次購(gòu)買(mǎi)。）雖主語(yǔ)“Tendollars”是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但表達(dá)的是一筆錢(qián)的整體概念，故謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。就近一致：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式與最靠近它的主語(yǔ)保持一致。多出現(xiàn)在由“either...or...”“neither...nor...”“notonly...butalso...”等連接的句子中。例如：“Eitheryouorheisgoingtotheparty.”（要么你去參加聚會(huì)，要么他去。）二、常見(jiàn)主謂一致情況歸納（一）、并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致由and連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)不同人/物→復(fù)數(shù)：若并列主語(yǔ)表示不同個(gè)體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

例：LiMingandZhangHua

are

goodstudents.（李明和張華是好學(xué)生。）

Bothriceandwheat

are

grownhere.（這里種植水稻和小麥。）同一人/物→單數(shù)：若并列主語(yǔ)指同一人或整體概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

例：Theprofessorandwriter

is

speaking.（這位教授兼作家在發(fā)言。）

Fishandchips

is

apopulardish.（炸魚(yú)薯?xiàng)l是一道受歡迎的菜。）必背：常被視為一個(gè)整體的“AandB”結(jié)構(gòu)acupandsaucer一副杯碟ahorseandcart馬車(chē)aknifeandfork一副刀叉alawandrule法規(guī)aneedleandthread一套針線fishandchips炸魚(yú)加炸薯?xiàng)leach/every修飾→單數(shù)：并列主語(yǔ)前有each,every,manya等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

例：Eachdoctorandnurse

was

askedtohelp.（每位醫(yī)護(hù)人員都被要求提供幫助。）

Manyastudent

has

madethismistake.（許多學(xué)生犯過(guò)這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。）由or/neither...nor等連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)就近一致原則：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最靠近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。

例：EitheryouorJane

is

togo.（要么你去，要么簡(jiǎn)去。）

Neithertheteachernorthestudents

like

themusic.（老師和學(xué)生都不喜歡這首曲子。）由either...or，neither...nor，or，notonly...but(also)...連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式采取就近一致原則，即與最靠近謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)保持一致。AorB（A或B……）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式與最靠近它的主語(yǔ)保持一致，在陳述句中與B保持一致，在疑問(wèn)句中與A保持一致。EitherAorB（不是A就是B……）NeitherAnorB（A和B都不……）NotonlyAbutalsoB（不僅A……而且B……）（二）、單一主語(yǔ)的主謂一致以復(fù)數(shù)形式結(jié)尾的名詞學(xué)科名詞→單數(shù)：physics,mathematics等學(xué)科名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

例：Physics

is

afundamentalsubject.（物理是一門(mén)基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科。）兩部分組成的物體→復(fù)數(shù)：trousers,scissors等詞單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)，但若被pair等單位詞修飾，則由單位詞決定單復(fù)數(shù)。

例：Mytrousers

are

white.（我的褲子是白色的。）

Apairofscissors

is

inthedrawer.（抽屜里有一把剪刀。）由兩部分組成的物體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。chopsticks筷子compasses圓規(guī)glasses眼鏡gloves手套jeans牛仔褲pants褲子（美國(guó)英語(yǔ)）scissors剪子shoes鞋shorts短褲socks短襪trousers褲子，長(zhǎng)褲（英國(guó)英語(yǔ)）集體名詞強(qiáng)調(diào)整體→單數(shù)：family,team等詞強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時(shí)用單數(shù)。

例：Thefamily

is

movingtoNewYork.（這家人要搬到紐約。）強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體→復(fù)數(shù)：若強(qiáng)調(diào)成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

例：Thefamily

have

differentopinions.（這家人意見(jiàn)不一。）切記：以下是一些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞，它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。belongings財(cái)產(chǎn)clothes衣服earnings收入goods貨物leavings剩余savings儲(chǔ)蓄非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或從句作主語(yǔ)單數(shù)原則：不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

例：Swimming

is

goodforhealth.（游泳有益健康。）

Whathesaid

remains

amystery.（他的話仍是個(gè)謎。）多概念→復(fù)數(shù)：若多個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示不同概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

例：Readingandwriting

are

essentialskills.（閱讀和寫(xiě)作是基本技能。）（三）、其他情況的主謂一致表示距離、時(shí)間等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞整體概念→單數(shù)：Fivedollars

seems

fair.（五美元聽(tīng)起來(lái)合理。）強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目→復(fù)數(shù)：Onehundredcents

make

adollar.（100美分等于1美元。）不定代詞作主語(yǔ)單數(shù)原則：everyone,something等不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

例：Everyone

was

surprisedatthenews.（所有人都對(duì)消息感到驚訝。）分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of...結(jié)構(gòu)of后名詞決定單復(fù)數(shù)：

例：Twothirdsofthestudents

support

theplan.（三分之二的學(xué)生支持計(jì)劃。）

Threefourthsoftheearth

is

water.（地球四分之三是水。）there/here引導(dǎo)的句子就近一致：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。

例：There

is

abookandtwopens.（有一本書(shū)和兩支筆。）

Here

are

somegiftsforyou.（這些是給你的禮物。）一、選擇題1.Neithertheteachernorthestudents______thismovie.

A.likes B.like C.liking

2.Thenumberofstudentsintheclass______30.

A.is B.are C.be

3.Eachofthegirls______apresent.

A.has B.have C.had

4.Eitheryouorhe______totheparty.A.areinvited B.isinvitedC.havebeeninvited D.hasbeeninvited5.Thefamily______watchingTVinthelivingroomnow.A.Is B.are C.were D.was6.Mathematics______adifficultsubjectformanystudents.A.Are B.is C.were D.was7.Alotoftimeandeffort______intotheproject.A.hasbeenputB.havebeenputC.isputD.areput8.______ofthestudentsinourclass______goodatEnglish.A.Twothirds;areB.Twothird;isC.Twothirds;isD.Twothird;are二、改錯(cuò)題1.Thefamilyisarguingabouttheirholidayplans.

2.Threekilometersarenotfarforarunner.

三、翻譯題1.不僅學(xué)生們，老師也喜歡這個(gè)活動(dòng)。

_____________________________________________.2.桌上有一支鋼筆和幾本書(shū)。

_____________________________________________.一．單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Since2016whenthecompany________(found),ChopValuehasrescuedbillionsofchopsticksfromlandfills.2.Theformationofeachceladon________(be)aprocessoflifecasting.Onlyafterbeingburntataround1300℃for400hourscanitbemadeintoanobject.3.What________(make)peoplemovedisnotthefilmitselfbuttheheroesofthewaryears.4.However,associety________(progress),therapidriseinincomesandhigherlivingstandardswillseemoreChinesesearchingforexperiencesthatareanythingbuttraditional.5.Whilewecan'tguardagainstallmisfortunesanddiseases,gettingtoknowsomefirstaidskills________(be)quiteuseful.6.Readingarticlesandshortposts________(play)animportantroleinintegratingknowledgeandachievements.7.Onthatday,there________(be)lotsofconventionalcelebrationactivities.8.Forinstance,chess________(recognize)asasportbytheInternationalOlympicCommitteein1999.9.ItcanbeemployedtocreateartworksandrealisticallyreproduceallkindsofChinesecalligraphyandpaintings.Amongthefamousprints________(be)“NightRevelsofHanXizai”．10.Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,_____________(regard)asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.二、語(yǔ)法選擇Afternearlyfiveyearsofconstruction(建設(shè)),theBeijingDaxingInternationalAirport1onSept.25,2019.Fiveyears2reallynotalongtimeforbuildingsuchabigairport.SeatedinthesouthofBeijing,itistheworld'slargesttransportationhub(樞紐).TheGuardianlisteditasoneofthe“sevenwondersofthemodernworld”.

GardensThere3fivegardensattheendoffiveboarding(登機(jī))gates.Attheendofthenorthernboardinggate4theChinesegarden.ThereareChinese-stylebuildingsinit.Peoplecanhangoutinthegardenwhilewaitingfortheirflights.

FlightterminalTheairportisverylarge.Ithastheworld'slargestflightterminal(航站樓)inasinglebuilding.Thebuilding5anareaof700,000squaremeters—thesizeof98soccerfields.Thenumberofpassengershereeachyear6morethan100million.Theterminallookslikeastarfish.Thedistancebetweenthecentralareaandthefarthestboardinggate7600meters.Itonly8eightminutestowalkbetweenthetwo.

ParkinglotTheparkinglotisinthesouthernpartoftheairport.It'sclosetotheflightterminal.Arobot-operatedparkingsystem9used.Afterdrivers10theircars,robotswillliftthecarsandcarrythemtoanopenparkingspace.Whencollecting(領(lǐng)取)theircars,driverscanusetheirparkingticketstogetinformationonwheretofindtheircars.

1.A.isopen B.areopen C.wasopen D.wereopen2.A.is B.are C.was D.were3.A.is B.are C.was D.were4.A.is B.are C.was D.were5.A.have B.has C.willhave D.had6.A.is B.are C.was D.were7.A.is B.are C.was D.were8.A.take B.takes C.spend D.spends9.A.is B.are C.was D.were10.A.park B.parks C.willpark D.parked三、閱讀理解Sometimeago,mostpeoplewouldhavefoundithardtoimagineaworldwhereyoucouldsendasmallpicturetosomeoneanditwouldbeagoodwaytorespond.Buttoday,emojis（表情符號(hào)）areeverywhereincommunication,andmanypeoplethinktheyareanewformoflanguage.Thefirstemojisweremadein1999byaJapaneseartist.Hewasworkingforamobilenetworkcompany.Thecompanyaskedhimtocreateasetofemojistousewhentheylaunched(發(fā)布)theirmobileInternetsystem.Messagesonthesystemwerelimitedto250characters,sohethoughtemojiswouldbeanexpeditiouswayforpeopletocommunicate,whichmadeonlinetalkseasyandquick.Atthattime,peoplewerealreadyusing“emoticons”intheirconversations.Thesearesimplefacesmadeusingcharactersonakeyboard.Forexample,acolonandarightparenthesis—:)—makeabasicsmileyface.Theartisttookthisideaandmadeitbetterbycreating176black-and-whitepixelimagestoshowthingslikeemotions,weather,andfood.Thissetofemojisisnowpartofthepermanent(永久的)collectionatNewYorkCity’sMuseumofModernArt.TheartistsaidhewasinspiredbysymbolsusedinweatherforecastsandChinesecharacters.ThewordemojiisacombinationoftwoJapanesewords:ewhichmeanspicture,andmojiwhichmeanscharacter.Theartistsaidheneverthoughtemojiswouldbecomesopopulararoundtheworld.Buttheydid—andithappenedquickly.OthercompaniesinJapanstartedusingemojistoo,andbythemid-2000s,internationalcompaniesbeganincludingthemintheirsystems.In2010,emojiswereofficiallyrecognizedbytheUnicodeConsortium,anorganizationthatkeepstextstandardsinsoftware.Thismeantemojiscouldbeusedonanyoperatingsystem.Today,theUnicodeConsortiumhasapproved(認(rèn)可)over3,700emojis,showingdifferentmoods,animals,food,flags,andmore.Andjustlikeanyotherlanguage,emojiskeepgrowing,withnewonesaddedeveryyear.1．Whywerethefirstemojiscreated?A．Toreplaceemoticons. B．Tocreateanewformofart.C．Tocompetewithothercompanies. D．TopromoteanewmobileInternetsystem.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“expeditious”inparagraph2closelyreferto?A．virtual. B．thought-provoking. C．efficient. D．a(chǎn)ccessible.3．Whatinspiredtheartisttocreateemojis?A．Modernartandtechnology. B．Internationaltravelexperiences.C．Popularmoviesandtelevisionshows. D．WeathersymbolsandChinesecharacters.4．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?