PAGE1銜接點(diǎn)10分詞（初高銜接點(diǎn)及差異）初中階段高中階段能夠識(shí)別分詞的基本形式，現(xiàn)在分詞是在動(dòng)詞原形后加上-ing；過去分詞包括規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的-ed形式和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的特殊形式。理解現(xiàn)在分詞可以作為形容詞、名詞或副詞使用。理解過去分詞通常用作形容詞或與助動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)。高中階段，學(xué)生需要更深入地理解分詞的語法功能和變化規(guī)則，包括不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞形式。在復(fù)合句中使用分詞進(jìn)行更復(fù)雜的修飾，如使用分詞作定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語等。銜接指引初中階段考查形式：側(cè)重于語法知識(shí)的識(shí)記和簡(jiǎn)單運(yùn)用，多以單句填空、選擇題等基礎(chǔ)形式考查語法知識(shí)。高中階段考查形式：注重語法知識(shí)的靈活運(yùn)用和理解，更多地在語篇語法填空中綜合運(yùn)用語法知識(shí)?！境踔蟹衷~考點(diǎn)聚焦】1．Theriver______throughHuai’aniscalledtheGrandCanal(大運(yùn)河).A．flows B．flowed C．flowing D．toflow2．Thestudentsaresittingthereunderthatbigtree,________booksbythemselves.A．read B．reading C．toread3．WhenIopenedmyeyes,IsawMelissa________attheendofmybed.A．stand B．standing C．tostand D．stood4．Listen!Canyouhearsomeone________inthenextroom?A．sing B．singing C．tosing D．sings5．_________wherethehospitalwas,heaskedastrangertheway.A．Knowing B．Notknowing C．Known D．Notknown6．—Ididn’tenjoymyselfattheparty.Ijustfelt__________.—Well,maybethereweretoomanypeopleattheparty.A．leavingout B．toleaveout C．leftout D．beleftout7．Mycomputerdoesn’twork,soIwanttohaveit________.A．repaired B．repairing C．torepair D．repair8．Thebook________byHanHanisverypopularamongteenagers.A．write B．wrote C．writing D．written9．Wegot______whenwewenttodifferentschoolslastterm.A．separated B．separate C．separates D．separating10．Noonespeakstoher,soshealwaysfeels________.A．leavingout B．leaveout C．leftout D．leavesout【高中分詞考點(diǎn)聚焦】課標(biāo)解讀現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞在復(fù)雜句型中的使用，如分詞短語作狀語、定語、補(bǔ)語等。現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞在各種時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)中的準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用，包括進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)、被動(dòng)語態(tài)等。現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作為非謂語動(dòng)詞在句子中的功能和意義?？键c(diǎn)清單一、分詞的分類及形式1.現(xiàn)在分詞的形式：現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式writingbeingwritten完成式havingwrittenhavingbeenwritten否定式：not+現(xiàn)在分詞 1）現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般式表示與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，完成式表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，常作狀語。例如： Theywenttothepark,singingandtalking. Havingdonehishomework,heplayedbasket-ball. 2）現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：一般式表示與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，完成式表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。 Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant. Havingbeentoldmanytimes,thenaughtyboymadethesamemistake.2、過去分詞的形式：（done）過去分詞只有一般式，沒有完成式，也沒有主動(dòng)語態(tài)?？偨Y(jié)：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作定語時(shí)的區(qū)別是：A.從語態(tài)角度來講，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義。而過去分詞通常表示被動(dòng)意義（不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞除外）。B.從時(shí)態(tài)角度來講，現(xiàn)在分詞一般表示進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，過去分詞表示完成的動(dòng)作。二、分詞的用法主語賓語表語定語狀語補(bǔ)語不定式√√√√√√動(dòng)名詞√√√√××分詞××√√√√1.分詞作定語1）分詞作定語既可以放在所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語，也可以放在所修飾的詞后面，作后置定語。其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。例如：Wherearethereservedseats?（=Wherearetheseatswhichhavebeenreserved?）預(yù)定的座位在哪里？Thisisapressingproblem.（=Thisisaproblemwhichispressing.）這是一個(gè)緊迫的問題。2）分詞作后置定語可分為限制性（緊跟在所修飾的中心詞之后）和非限制性（用逗號(hào)與其所修飾的中心詞分開）兩種，其作用分別相當(dāng)于一個(gè)限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。例如：Thefundsraised（=whichhavebeenraised）aremainlyusedforhelpingthehomeless.籌集的資金主要用來幫助那些無家可歸的人。Therearemanystudentswaiting（=whoarewaiting）togetexamined.有許多學(xué)生在等待檢查。Thisbook，written（=whichiswritten）insimpleEnglish，issuitableforbeginners.本書是用淺顯的英語寫的，適合初學(xué)者。3）分詞常和形容詞、副詞或名詞構(gòu)成合成形容詞作定語。例如：Theflower-carryinggirlmustbewaitingforsomeone.那位手持鮮花的姑娘一定在等人。Thenewly-builtbuildingisourofficebuilding.這座新建的大樓是我們的辦公樓。4）有些不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語，并不表示被動(dòng)的意思而是表示完成。這類過去分詞常作前置修飾語。例如：Therearealotoffallenleavesinautumn.秋天有許多落葉。Thefilmdescribesthestoryaboutthepolicewhopursueanescapedman.這部電影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。常用的這一類詞有：fallen，faded，returned，retired，risen，grownup，vanished等。比較：一般來講，及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞-ing形式修飾事物，其過去分詞修飾人。asurprisingresult一個(gè)驚人的結(jié)果surprisedgirls吃驚的姑娘們tiringmusic煩人的音樂atiredman一個(gè)疲倦的人Whentheyheardtheexcitingnews,theygotexcited.Thenthepeopleshoutedloudlyandcheered.當(dāng)他們聽到這一激動(dòng)人心的消息時(shí)，他們變得激動(dòng)起來。然后這些激動(dòng)的人們大聲地叫喊、歡呼。2.分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語1）跟分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：catch，haveget，keep，hear，find，feel，leave，make，want，start，notice，observe，watch，set等。例如：Whentheyreturnedhomefromtheholiday，theyfoundtheirhousestolen.當(dāng)他們度假完回到家時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)房子被盜了。（過去分詞表示被動(dòng)）Wewantthisworkfinishedquickly.我們要求這項(xiàng)工作很快完成。2）在復(fù)合賓語中，用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，說明賓語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表示賓語是動(dòng)作的承受者，構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。例如：Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn'tmakehimselfheard.由于十分吵鬧，講話人沒法讓人聽到他的聲音。Whenheawoke，hefoundhimselfbeinglookedafterbyanoldwoman.他醒來的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)一位老大娘正在照顧他。3.分詞作狀語1）分詞或分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、讓步、條件、方式或伴隨狀況。通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語從句；表示方式或伴隨狀況的可以轉(zhuǎn)換成并列句或非限制性定語從句。例如：Confinedtobed（=Becauseshewasconfinedtobed），sheneededtobewaitedonineverything.她臥病在床，什么事都需要人伺候。（作原因狀語）Havingonlybookknowledge（=Ifyouonlyhavebookknowledge），youwillnotbeabletoworkwell.如果只有書本知識(shí)，你就不可能做好工作。（作條件狀語）Theystoodtherewaitingforthebus.（=Theystoodthereandwaitedforthebus.）他們站在那里等公共汽車。（作方式狀語）(1)、表示時(shí)間，分詞短語一般至于句首。多數(shù)情形下，分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生于謂語動(dòng)作之前，有時(shí)候分詞動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。e.g.Havingwateredthegarden,hebegantomowthelawn.（分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生于謂語動(dòng)作之前）Ridinginthestreetduringtherushhours,youmustbecareful.(分詞動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生)(2)、表示原因，分詞短語可置于句首或句末，有時(shí)還可以置于主謂之間。e.g.Notknowingwhattodonext,Iwanttoaskforyouradvice.(3)、表示條件，通常放在句首e.g.Givenmoretime,Iwouldbeabletocompleteit.(4)、表示讓步，通常放在句首e.g.HavinglivedinCanadaforthreeyears,hestillcan`tspeakEnglishwell.(5)、表結(jié)果，一般只放在句末。e.g.Iwenthome,findingthedoorlocked(6)、表伴隨狀況，補(bǔ)充說明或方式，分詞短語置于句首或句末均可。e.g.Hecamerunningbreathlessandtoldmetheresults.2）現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語時(shí)的用法比較不管是現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞作狀語，如果單獨(dú)作狀語，其邏輯主語必須和主句的主語一致。分詞作狀語通?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)相應(yīng)的狀語從句，如果狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，就用過去分詞；如果狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，就用現(xiàn)在分詞。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，分詞前可帶連詞when，while，if，though，asif，unless等一起作狀語，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更連貫。例如：Workinghard（Ifyouworkhard），youwillsucceed.如果你努力，你會(huì)成功的。Defeated（=Thoughhewasdefeated），heremainedapopularboxer.雖然他被擊敗了，但他仍然是一個(gè)受人喜愛的拳擊手。4.分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)1）分詞作狀語時(shí)，要特別注意其邏輯主語必須和謂語動(dòng)詞的主語一致。否則，分詞必須有自己的主語，這種帶主語的分詞被稱為分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，或叫獨(dú)立主格。在句中作狀語，表示時(shí)間、原因、條件等。例如：Theprojectfinished,theyhadatwoweeks'leave.完成那個(gè)計(jì)劃后，他們休了兩周假。Hebeingabsent,nothingcouldbedone.由于他缺席，什么事也沒法干。2）獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)也可以用“with/without+名詞（或代詞的賓語）+分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示伴隨狀況。例如：Theysattheresilently,（with）theireyesfixedonthelake.他們靜靜地坐在那里，眼睛看著湖面。Withhimhelpingme,Ifeltlucky.有他的幫助，我感到很幸運(yùn)。拓展1：過去分詞作表語，邏輯主語是句子的主語，常位于be動(dòng)詞或remain,sound,feel等系動(dòng)詞之后；“get+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例1：Thoughhewasanewman,hegotaccustomedtothewayoflifehereverysoon.例2：Tomsoundsveryinterestedinthejob,butI'mnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit.be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”，有時(shí)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，而不是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)的過去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化了。常用于系表結(jié)構(gòu)的過去分詞有：astonished感到吃驚的educated受過教育的excited興奮的fallen落下的frightened受驚的gone過去的，消失的interested感興趣的known著名的learned有學(xué)問的mistaken誤解的，弄錯(cuò)的retired退休的returned已歸來的risen升起來的upset心煩的Mywatch.我的手表不見了。It’snotmyfault.You.這不是我的過錯(cuò)，你誤會(huì)了。拓展2：部分動(dòng)詞常用于“be+過去分詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，可以用作謂語、主語或狀語beabsorbedin被……吸引，專注于belostin迷失在……中bedressedin穿著……becaught/trapped/stuckin被困在……beoccupiedin忙碌于……belocated/situatedin坐落在……beequipped/furnishedwith被配備……beloaded/burdenedwith擔(dān)負(fù)著……befacedwith面臨著……beaccustomed/usedtodoing習(xí)慣于做某事bedevoted/committedtodoing致力于做某事beaddictedtodoing對(duì)……上癮例：Absorbedinreading,Tomdidn’tevennoticehismomcomein.語法單句填空（注意分詞用法）1．Chinaisoneofthelargestcountriesintheworld,(cover)9.6millionsquarekilometers.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)2．Listen!Theremustbesomeone(walk)throughthejungle.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)3．(write)insimplebutauthenticEnglish,thearticlesintroducemetoWesternsocietyandculture.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)4．bythenoiseinthenight,thegirldidn’tdaretosleepinherroom.(frighten)(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)5．Thepoorladyhadhermoney(steal)onthebuswhencominghome.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)6．Mostoftheorganisersarevolunteersandmuchofthemoney(raise)fromticketsalesgoestocharity.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)7．Myfatherhasmybike(repair).（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）8．Theywillholdameetingtodiscusssomething(associate)withmusic.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)9．TodayI’vebeenphotographingacrocodile(swim)closetoourboat.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)10．Thenationalparkhasalotofwildlife,(range)fromtigerstoelephants.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)二、完成句子11．感動(dòng)地潸然淚下，媽媽將雙胞胎姐妹緊緊擁入懷中.,momthrewherarmsaroundthetwinsisterstightly.12．那輛電動(dòng)車從拐角突然出現(xiàn)，差點(diǎn)把我撞倒。Theelectricbikeappearedsuddenlyaroundthecorner,nearly.13．Thehousemygrandfatherwassoldyesterday.屬于我爺爺?shù)姆孔幼蛱毂毁u掉了。14．幾天前他在踢足球時(shí)摔斷了一條腿。(have＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ))Hewhileplayingfootballtheotherday.15．這些孩子沉浸在游戲中，一點(diǎn)都不覺得餓。theirgame,thesechildrendidn’tfeelhungryatall16．我認(rèn)為懷特先生提到的那本書很值得一讀。IthoughtthebookbyMr.Whitewaswellworthreading.17．I(感到非常迷惑)aboutwhattodointhefuture.(根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子)18．Youmightaswellhaveyourcar(定期檢查)fromthenon.(根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子)19．MyunclecametoourNewYearparty,(裝扮)asDonaldDuck.(根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子)20．MorepeopletendtocelebrateChristmas,withbusiness(利用)theoccasions.(根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子)一．語法填空(用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)1．________(go)toMountHuangshanremindsmeofthepopularBeatles'song“TheLongandWindingRoad”．Whatissobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywehumans2.________(be)．Thehotspringatthefootofthemountainissomethingyoumusttryaftertheclimb.Itwillundoubtedlyhelpyouget3.________(refresh)!The4.________(amaze)thingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperature5.________(get)thehotterthespring!Strange,isn'tit?Butthat'shownatureis—alwaysleavingus6.________(astonish)．Whatcomesnextistheendlessseriesofsteps.Youcan'thelp7.________(wonder)howharditwasforthepeoplethen8.________(put)allthoserocksintoplace.Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountainstillithighlightsthewholeadventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour9.________(ache)legs.Asthesonggoes，thislongandwindingroad“willneverdisappear”，anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor'smemory.Itsuredoesinmine.Whileyou'reinChina，MountHuangshanisamust10.________(visit)!二、閱讀理解WhydoChinesepeoplelovehotpotsomuch?Asthewintermonthsarecomingin,moreandmorepeoplearesittingaroundatableenjoyingthiskindoftraditionalmeal.Ifindmyselfwonderingwhatitisaboutthistraditionalmeal,whichhasexistedformorethan1,000years.WhatmakesitaChinesefoodfavourite?Itseemsthattheanswerliesbeyondthedishitself.Hotpotisn’tjustdesignedtokeepyouwarmduringthecoldmonths;it’salsoasocialexperience.It’sa“theater”cookedfoodthatturnsamealintoanevent.Thereisalotoffunforeveryonetohaveinaddingsomefoodstothehotpot.Hotpotiseatenovertwotothreehours.Forthisreason,itisoftenconsideredanevening’sentertainment,andatimetospendwithfriendsandfamilies.However,manyWesternerswouldbeputoffbytheideaofotherpeoplestickingchopsticksintheirfood.WhenwecometoeatatthetableintheUK,weoftenhaveourownshares,althoughtheexperienceisstillasocialone.AsimilarexperiencetothehotpotcanbefoundinKoreanbarbecuerestaurants,whichletyoucookyourownmeat.Thisallowspeopletohavetheirmeatdonehowevertheywant.FormostWesterners,theideaofgoingtoarestauranttocooktheirownfoodisverystrange.Buthavingago,Ifindit’snowoneofmyfavouritemealsinBeijing.ThesteamfromthepotleftmyclothessmellingoffoodwhenIgothome,butperhapsthiswasalsopartoftheexperience.Whenthecoldwindisblowingoutside,Iamsittingaroundwithmygoodfriends,eatinganddrinking.Formeit’slikeadinnerpartywheremytastebuds(味蕾)andmyappetiteareequallysatisfiedinthewarmcompanyoffriends.1．WhatisthemainreasonwhyhotpotispopularinChina?A．Ithasahistoryofover1,000years.B．Itisafunso