PAGE1Unit4Lookinggood,feelinggood（語法+寫作）目錄單元語法：關(guān)系副詞引導的限制性定語從句寫作聚焦：關(guān)于整容問題發(fā)表自己的觀點介學以致用：鞏固提升，全面突破單元語法單元語法關(guān)系副詞引導的限制性定語從句關(guān)系副詞指代在定從中所做成分是否可省略when時間狀語否where地點狀語否why原因狀語否一、關(guān)系副詞的基本用法1．when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。先行詞通常有：time，day，week，year，moment等表示時間的名詞。此時when＝on,in，at，during...＋which。具體用哪個介詞要根據(jù)先行詞的搭配來確定。Icannotforgetthedaywhen(＝onwhich)Ifirstsawyou.我不會忘記第一次見到你的那一天。Istillrememberthetimewhen(＝atwhich)Itraveledbyplane.我仍然記得我那次坐飛機旅行的時候。where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。先行詞通常有：place，street，house，city，country等。此時where=in，at，on...＋which，具體用哪個介詞要根據(jù)先行詞的搭配來確定先行詞為point，situation，stage，condition,position，case，scene等表抽象意義的情形、情況、局面、地步、狀態(tài)、地位、地點等含義的名詞,關(guān)系副詞常用where。Thisisthehousewhere(＝inwhich)theylivedaweekago.這是一個星期前他們住過的房子。Theywereputintoapositionwhere(＝inwhich)theyhadnothingatall.他們被逼到一無所有的境地。3．why指原因或理由，它的先行詞只有reason。此時why＝forwhich。Thereasonwhy(＝forwhich)Idon’ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒謊。二、特殊用法★★★注意：當先行詞是表示時間、地點或原因的詞時關(guān)系詞不一定都是關(guān)系副詞when、where、why，而是要根據(jù)從句中所缺成分決定！表示時間、地點及原因的名詞作先行詞時，①若先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時，應用關(guān)系副詞；②若先行詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語時，則應用關(guān)系代詞。試比較：■Doyourememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight？(when在從句中作狀語)你還記得我們整夜聊天的那些日子嗎？■Doyourememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogetheronthefarm？(that或which作spent的賓語)你還記得我們在農(nóng)場一起度過的那些日子嗎？●Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tturntohisgoodfriendforhelpyesterday.(why作原因狀語)我不知道昨天他為什么沒向他的好朋友求助。●Iwon’tlistentothereasonthat/whichyouhavegivenus.(定語從句中缺少賓語，所以用that/which，不用why)我不想聽你提供給我們的那個理由。[疑難辨析]where引導的定語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)別引導定語從句時，where是關(guān)系副詞,在從句中作地狀語，其前有表示地點的名詞作先行詞,從句修飾先行司。引導狀語從句時,where是從屬連詞,從句修飾主句的語動詞，where前面沒有表示地點的名詞。He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwhereheisikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.(定語從句)他使自己陷入了一種危險的情況,他很可能會失去對飛機的控制。Whenyoureadthebook,you'dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhavequestions.(狀語從句)讀這本書的時候，你最好在有疑問的地方做一下標記。2.關(guān)系副詞when(1)when引導定語從句時,先行詞往往是表示時間的名詞(如time,day,week,month,year等),在從句中作時間狀語。HecameatatimewhenIleastexpectedhim.他在我最意料不到的時候來了。I'llneverforgetthedaywhenIleftforcollegewithmyfather.我永遠不會忘記我和父親動身去大學的那天。(2)when可以引導限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。We'llputoffthetripuntilnextmonth,whentheweathermaybewarmer.我們將旅行推遲到下個月,那時天氣可能會暖和一點。(3)關(guān)系副詞when有時可用“介詞(on/in/at...)+which”代替。Istillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)IjoinedtheYouthLeague.我仍然記得我加入共青團的那一天。3.關(guān)系副詞why(1)why一般只用于引導限制性定語從句,先行詞是reason等表示原因的名詞,在從句中作原因狀語。Doyouknowthereasonwhysheburstintotears?你知道她突然大哭的原因嗎?(2)關(guān)系副詞why有時可用“介詞(for)+which”代替。Thereasonwhy(forwhich)hesucceededintheexamisthatheworkedveryhard.他這次考試成功的原因是他學習非常努力。[疑難辨析]關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇當先行詞是表示時間的time,day等或表示地點的place,house等時,一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)。如果從句缺少主語或賓語,應用關(guān)系代詞that或which;如果從句缺少時間狀語或地點狀語,應用關(guān)系副詞when或where。I'llneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.(which/that在從句中作spent的賓語)我永遠忘不了我們一起度過的日子。Hisfatherworksinafactorywhich/thatmakesradioparts.(which/that在從句中作主語)他父親在一家生產(chǎn)無線電零件的工廠里工作。ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.(where在從句中作地點狀語)我十年前住的房子已經(jīng)被拆除了。寫作聚焦寫作聚焦Integratedskills關(guān)于整容問題發(fā)表自己的觀點一、寫作方法指導一）、文體解讀該類話題屬于議論文，要求客觀地、辯證地說明某個觀點。一般來說,議論文會按照“總一分一總”的思路來寫。首先提出觀點，接著對觀點進行分析、論證，最后歸納、總結(jié)，得出結(jié)論或提出建議。二）、寫作要點 導入:Recentlywe'vehadadiscussionaboutwhetherweshould...(導入話題)Ouropinionsaredividedonthistopic.(觀點有分歧)正文:Mostofthestudentsareinfavourofit.(正方觀點)Herearethereasons.First...Second...Finally...(列出2~3個贊成的理由)However,theothersarestronglyagainstit.(反方觀點)Theirreasonsareasfollows.Inthefirstplace...What'smore...Inaddition...(列出2~3個反對的理由)結(jié)論:Personallyspeaking,theadvantagesoverweighthedisadvantages,foritwilldousmoregoodthanharm,soIsupportit.(個人觀點)二、寫作素材常用句式 Lastweek,wehadadiscussionaboutwhether... Therearetwodifferentopinionsabout...Somethinkthat...,butotherssay/considerthat...Somestudentsarefor/agreetoit,while/butothersareagainst/disagreewithit.Ononehand,...ontheotherhand...Generallyspeaking,morestudentsthinkweshould...First,...Second,...Finally,...Besides/Inaddition/Also/Apartfromit...Asaresult,...Therefore,...四、典例詳析近年來,越來越多的人,尤其是愛美的年輕女性熱衷于整容,請就此問題發(fā)表你的看法。 要點如下:1.越來越多的人接受整容,人們對此持不同觀點;2.你的看法以及理由;3.結(jié)論。注意: 1.詞數(shù)80左右;2.不可遺漏要點,可適當增加細節(jié);3.書寫要干凈、工整。審題謀篇1.體裁____________________________ 2.時態(tài)___________________________3.人稱___________________________用詞造句1持一種不同的觀點_______________________________________________2浪費___________________________________________________________3同意某人的觀點_________________________________________________4依靠，依賴________________________________________________5冒的風險________________________________________________6總之_______________________________________________________7有些人認為這種手術(shù)可以改善一個人的外表保一份好工作。_________________________thiskindofsurgerycanimproveone'sappearance,thussecureagoodjob.8首先,美只是膚淺的,俗話說“美德比外表更重Firstly,beautyisonlyskin-deep,_______________________________virtueismoreimportantthanappearance".9人們不得不冒著手術(shù)失敗的風險,這將是終身的痛苦。Peoplehavetotaketheriskofanunsuccessfulsurgery____________________________________________________連句成篇:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________學以致用學以致用一、語法填空1．Therearevariousreasonspeoplecomposepoems.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)2．IstillrememberthesummerIwaswithmyauntattheageofseven.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)3．The1990swereadecadetechnologicaladvancementsrevolutionizedthewaypeoplecommunicated.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)4．Thebackgroundmusiccreatedanatmospherethestudentscouldexchangetheirideasfreely.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)5．Thecountryheliveshasmultipleofficiallanguages.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)6．Theglobalorganizationhasover1,000branchesadultsofallagescometoread.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)7．Thereasonhefailedthetestislackofpractice.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)8．ThedayshestartedlearningChinesewasin2018.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)9．IgottothepointIcouldn’twaittogethomeandreadmybooks.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)10．Weneedtocreateanenvironmenteveryonefeelssafe.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)11．Festivalsarealwaysoccasionswegathertogethertoenjoyourselvesandforgetaboutourworkforawhile.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)12．Iwillneverforgetthedaysweworkedtogether.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)13．IwillneverforgetthedayImetyou.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)14．Creatinganatmospherestudentsfeelfreetoexpressthemselvesisabigchallengeforusteachers.15．ThesummerIgraduatedfromuniversitywaslongandhot.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)二、完成句子1．ThisisthehouseIlivedwhenIwasachild.這就是我小時候住過的房子。2．Thedaystogetherwereahappytime.我們在一起工作的日子是一段快樂時光。3．Idon’tbelievethereason.我不相信他遲到的原因。4．Wevisitedthefactory