某灌溉工程的項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)方案計(jì)算案例概述目錄TOC\o"1-3"\h\u21861某灌溉工程的項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)方案計(jì)算案例概述 1275141.1工程等別與建筑物級(jí)別 1253731.2設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù) 147961.3工程總體布置 2132441.3.1項(xiàng)目區(qū)分區(qū) 299381.3.2水源和取水方式 2230991.4灌溉系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 2115681.4.1灌水方法的選擇 2294911.4.2滴灌系統(tǒng)的選擇 344011.4.3滴頭選擇 384691.4.4管材選擇 5179181.4.5管道布置 5253361.4.6輪灌組編制 532271.4.7管道流量計(jì)算 10253271.4.8管徑選擇 15100891.4.9管道水力計(jì)算 18121.4.10水泵揚(yáng)程計(jì)算與泵型選擇 261.1工程等別與建筑物級(jí)別根據(jù)《水利水電工程等級(jí)劃分及洪水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（SL252-2017）、《灌溉與排水工程設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB50288-2018），項(xiàng)目區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)灌溉面積0.23萬(wàn)畝，屬V等工程，建筑物級(jí)別均為5級(jí)。1.2設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)（1）《灌溉與排水工程設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB50288-2018）；（2）《水利水電工程初步設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告編制規(guī)程》（SL619-2013）；（3）《節(jié)水灌溉工程技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB/T50363-2018）；（4）《水利水電工程等級(jí)劃分及洪水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（SL252-2017）；（5）《農(nóng)田水利規(guī)劃導(dǎo)則》（SL462）；（6）《微灌工程技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB/T50485-2020）。1.3工程總體布置1.3.1項(xiàng)目區(qū)分區(qū)項(xiàng)目區(qū)旁邊有跳石江水庫(kù)，在水庫(kù)旁邊有2300畝油茶灌區(qū)。根據(jù)地形情況，現(xiàn)分為4個(gè)區(qū)域（A、B、C、D）進(jìn)行灌溉設(shè)計(jì)，布置管道和選泵，見附圖1。表1.1各分區(qū)面積分區(qū)A區(qū)B區(qū)C區(qū)D區(qū)面積（畝）5207355255201.3.2水源和取水方式水庫(kù)緊鄰項(xiàng)目區(qū)油茶灌區(qū)，水質(zhì)和水量均滿足灌溉要求。由于水庫(kù)水位顯著低于油茶灌區(qū)的高度，所以必須采用水泵抽水，將灌溉用水加壓提到油茶灌區(qū)進(jìn)行滴灌。其中A區(qū)布置1座泵站從水庫(kù)提水到水池后自壓，B、C區(qū)布置1座泵站從水庫(kù)提水到水池后自壓，共設(shè)2臺(tái)水泵分別向2個(gè)高位水池供水，D區(qū)布置1座泵站從水庫(kù)提水到水池后自壓。整個(gè)項(xiàng)目區(qū)共需布置3座泵站，4個(gè)水池分別為4個(gè)灌溉系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行供水，泵站1、3配套管理房面積為9m2，泵站2配套管理房面積為12m2。1.4灌溉系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)1.4.1灌水方法的選擇1.4.1.1灌水方法及要求灌水方法應(yīng)根據(jù)水文氣象、地形地貌、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、生產(chǎn)管理水平等條件因地制宜進(jìn)行選擇。先進(jìn)而合理的灌水方法應(yīng)滿足灌水均勻、對(duì)地形適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)、保持土壤結(jié)構(gòu)、勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率高、便于和其他農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)施結(jié)合、田間占地少、投資與管理費(fèi)用低等要求REF_Ref23204\r\h[2]。1.4.1.2灌水方法選擇 項(xiàng)目區(qū)采用滴灌灌溉。滴灌屬于局部微量灌溉，利用一套塑料管道系統(tǒng)將水直接輸送到每棵作物根部，使水分滲漏和損失降低，達(dá)到節(jié)水的效果；還可以結(jié)合施肥，提高肥料有效利用率；滴灌使得水分緩慢均勻地滲入土壤，可以保持土壤結(jié)構(gòu)。因此滴灌可減少水肥、農(nóng)藥的施用量以及病蟲害的發(fā)生，可明顯改善產(chǎn)品的品質(zhì)，提高產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量，并減少勞力投入，因此經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益顯著。項(xiàng)目區(qū)地形起伏不平，在坡度較大的土地上種植油茶，不宜采用噴灌等方式。且滴灌是目前較為有效的一種節(jié)水灌溉方式，適用于果樹、蔬菜、油茶等經(jīng)濟(jì)作物的灌溉，較噴灌具有更高的節(jié)水增產(chǎn)效果，同時(shí)可以結(jié)合施肥。綜上所述，油茶的灌水方式采用滴灌。1.4.2滴灌系統(tǒng)的選擇有固定式滴灌系統(tǒng)和移動(dòng)式滴灌系統(tǒng)兩種滴灌系統(tǒng)可供選擇，由于該項(xiàng)目區(qū)處于地形復(fù)雜、坡度較陡的丘陵地帶，移動(dòng)滴灌系統(tǒng)移動(dòng)較為困難，所以選用固定式滴灌系統(tǒng)。1.4.3滴頭選擇1.4.3.1選擇滴頭及其參數(shù)滴頭是滴灌系統(tǒng)較為關(guān)鍵的部件。對(duì)滴頭的要求為：出流流量小，均勻而且穩(wěn)定，受外界因素(溫度、壓力等)影響小，結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，便于制造和安裝，價(jià)格低廉，堅(jiān)固耐用，不易堵塞。主要有五種滴頭可供選擇，各類滴頭的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)如下：(1)微管式滴頭該滴頭是用一根微塑料管直接插入毛管，借助水流在長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的微管中流動(dòng)的摩擦水頭損失來(lái)消除多余的能量。盡管微管式滴頭結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，但精度不高，適合于地形起伏的丘陵坡地。(2)管式滴頭其原理與微管式滴頭相似，同屬流道滴頭，但是是用塑料壓成一個(gè)長(zhǎng)流道來(lái)達(dá)到消能的目的。管式滴頭的突出優(yōu)點(diǎn)是結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、安裝成本低，批量生產(chǎn)，質(zhì)量容易控制；其缺點(diǎn)是局部水頭損失較大。(3)孔口式滴頭該滴頭是由一個(gè)孔口和一個(gè)蓋子組成，水流從孔口射出，沖在蓋子上以達(dá)到消能的目的?？卓谝话爿^小，工作壓力也較低，簡(jiǎn)單、價(jià)廉、易于更換，但灌水均勻性差，易堵塞。(4)渦流式滴頭該滴頭是靠水流切向流入渦室內(nèi)形成強(qiáng)烈的旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)，造成極大的水頭損失來(lái)消能，然后水流由渦室中間的孔口流出。其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是出流孔口可比孔口式滴頭大1.7倍左右，但很難得到較低的流量，價(jià)格較高REF_Ref23204\r\h[2]。(5)壓力補(bǔ)償式滴頭該滴頭能自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)出水量和自清洗，但制造工藝較復(fù)雜，價(jià)格偏高。其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是能在一個(gè)較大的壓力范圍內(nèi)保持滴頭流量基本不變，增加了滴頭對(duì)復(fù)雜地形的適應(yīng)性，且對(duì)溫度的變化不敏感，對(duì)保證和穩(wěn)定灌溉均勻度有利，適用于灌溉果樹、茶樹等作物。1.4.3.2擬選滴頭通過綜合比較各類滴頭的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)且結(jié)合本次設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)際情況，最終擬采用NGE滴頭，屬于壓力補(bǔ)償式滴頭，該滴頭具有2.0L/h，1.0L/h，8.0L/h三種規(guī)格，每次啟動(dòng)和關(guān)閉時(shí)能自清洗，進(jìn)水口有過濾柵，內(nèi)置逆止閥可防止倒虹吸，其性能參數(shù)見表（1.2）所示。支管上布置毛管，間距3m，株距2.5m，每株設(shè)2個(gè)滴頭，擬選用流量為8.0L/h的滴頭。表1.2滴頭性能參數(shù)表壓力（kPa）流量2L/h4L/h8L/h601.981.027.781002.001.158.311502.031.048.172002.063.958.032502.083.948.023002.083.958.093502.073.968.184002.063.978.261.4.4管材選擇管道是滴灌系統(tǒng)的主要組成部分，按其使用方式可分為固定管和移動(dòng)管；按材料不同又分為金屬管、脆硬性管、塑料管。為了減小工程投資，擬采用PE給水管。PE管是給水用聚乙烯管材，主要有材質(zhì)無(wú)毒性、衛(wèi)生性能良好；耐腐蝕性能卓越；使用壽命長(zhǎng)；韌性好；連接性能可靠等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。1.4.5管道布置根據(jù)管道系統(tǒng)布置原則，結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)仨?xiàng)目區(qū)實(shí)際地形，將干管盡量沿地勢(shì)較高位置布置，支管垂直于植物種植行向布置，與分干管和干管根據(jù)實(shí)際布置情況相連接，毛管順植物種植行向布置。項(xiàng)目區(qū)共布置輸水管4條，2147m，干管8條，長(zhǎng)5486m，分干管12條，長(zhǎng)3205m，支管84條，長(zhǎng)15285m，支管上布置毛管，間距3m，株距2.5m，每株設(shè)2個(gè)滴頭。其中A區(qū)共布置輸水管1條，長(zhǎng)443m，干管3條，長(zhǎng)1632m，支管24條，長(zhǎng)3945m；B區(qū)共布置輸水管1條，長(zhǎng)628m，干管2條，長(zhǎng)1853m，分干管5條，長(zhǎng)1340m，支管26條，長(zhǎng)5124m；C區(qū)共布置輸水管1條，長(zhǎng)493m，干管1條，長(zhǎng)432m，分干管4條，長(zhǎng)1068m，支管16條，長(zhǎng)2939m；D區(qū)共布置輸水管1條，長(zhǎng)583m，干管2條，長(zhǎng)1569m，分干管3條，長(zhǎng)797m，支管18條，長(zhǎng)3277m。具體管道布置見附圖1。1.4.6輪灌組編制1.4.6.1灌溉制度設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)根據(jù)《微灌工程技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB/T50485-2020），結(jié)合項(xiàng)目區(qū)油茶種植要求和特點(diǎn)，選擇系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)如下：(1)根據(jù)有關(guān)作物需水量分析成果，設(shè)計(jì)日耗水強(qiáng)度采用高峰期時(shí)耗水強(qiáng)度ETC=5.40mm/d；(2)土壤濕潤(rùn)比P=30%；(3)田間持水率β田＝35%；(4)灌水有效利用系數(shù)η=0.90。1.4.6.2設(shè)計(jì)灌水定額油茶喜濕潤(rùn)，需及時(shí)灌水。油茶生長(zhǎng)的適宜土壤含水量為田間持水率的65%～90%。根據(jù)油茶主要根系活動(dòng)層深度為50cm，所以設(shè)計(jì)中確定計(jì)劃濕潤(rùn)層深度為50cm。根據(jù)以上條件和參數(shù)，采用下式計(jì)算設(shè)計(jì)灌水定額：(1.1)式中： m——設(shè)計(jì)灌水定額，mm；P——滴灌設(shè)計(jì)土壤濕潤(rùn)比，取30%；γ——土壤干容重（g/cm3），取1.42g/cm3；H——計(jì)劃濕潤(rùn)層深度（cm），H＝50cm；βmax——灌后土層的含水量上限，取田間持水量的90%βmin——灌前土層的含水量下限，取田間持水量的65%；η——灌溉水利用系數(shù)，取0.90。計(jì)算得設(shè)計(jì)灌水定額：m=0.1×1.42×50×30%×35%×（90-65）/0.9＝21mm(1.2)1.4.6.3灌水周期根據(jù)《微灌工程技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB/T50485-2020），結(jié)合本設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)際情況，油茶高峰期內(nèi)平均日需水強(qiáng)度取為ETC=5.40mm/d，設(shè)計(jì)灌水周期計(jì)算見公式（3.3）：(1.3)式中： T設(shè)——設(shè)計(jì)灌水周期，d；m——設(shè)計(jì)灌水定額，mm；ETc——高峰期作物日需水量，mm/d；因此設(shè)計(jì)灌水周期為(1.4)取灌水周期T設(shè)=4d。1.4.6.4灌溉延續(xù)時(shí)間根據(jù)《微灌工程技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB/T50485-2020），灌水延續(xù)時(shí)間按下式計(jì)算：(1.5)式中： t——一次灌水延續(xù)時(shí)間（h）；Se——灌水器間距（m）；Sl——毛管間距（m）；ns——每株植物的灌水器個(gè)數(shù)；q——灌水器流量（L/h）。株距行距分別為3m，2.5m，每株2個(gè)滴頭，因此計(jì)算灌水延續(xù)時(shí)間為：(1.6)1.4.6.5輪灌組數(shù)目確定為了減少工程投資，提高設(shè)備利用率，增加灌溉面積，通常采用輪灌的工作制度。一般是將支管分成若干組，由干管經(jīng)分干管輪流向各組支管供水。本設(shè)計(jì)采用輪灌工作制度，按作物需水要求，全系統(tǒng)輪灌組的數(shù)目劃分如下（固定式系統(tǒng)）：(1.7)式中： N——允許的輪灌組最大數(shù)目，取整數(shù)；c——一天運(yùn)行的小時(shí)數(shù)，20h；t——一次灌水延續(xù)時(shí)間，10h；T——灌水時(shí)間間隔（周期），4d。計(jì)算可得最大輪灌組為8組REF_Ref24605\r\h[3]。1.4.6.6輪灌分組表1.3A區(qū)輪灌組分組工作日輪灌組編號(hào)支管名稱長(zhǎng)度（m）滴頭數(shù)（個(gè)）流量（m3/h）輪灌組流量（m3/h）第一天輪灌組1支管1-2237715057.2092.14支管2-3103436831.94輪灌組2支管1-3233517941.4391.86支管1-4170630350.42第二天輪灌組3支管1-5146176411.1193.66支管1-6101216617.33支管1-776189615.17支管1-9208588247.06輪灌組4支管1-8165249919.9992.56支管1-10183332626.61支管1-11113253320.26支管3-2207321225.70第三天輪灌組5支管2-1143556941.5591.55支管2-4103165213.22支管3-3195422333.78輪灌組6支管2-2143353428.2792.80支管2-5166450736.06支管3-1103355928.47第四天輪灌組7支管2-6206156512.5292.27支管2-7176631450.51支管2-8178365529.24輪灌組8支管1-1194257420.5993.05支管3-4213433531.68支管3-5183472237.78表1.4B區(qū)輪灌組分組工作日輪灌組編號(hào)支管名稱長(zhǎng)度（m）滴頭數(shù)（個(gè)）流量（m3/h）輪灌組流量（m3/h）第一天輪灌組1支4-1235785862.86129.90支4-2320837967.03輪灌組2支4-3236469937.59129.39支4-4288729958.39支1-1164417633.41第二天輪灌組3支4-599248319.86130.70支4-7132345027.60支4-8148566145.29支1-4153474337.94輪灌組4支5-1310605948.47130.34支5-2307820165.61支3-2196203316.26第三天輪灌組5支5-4187490739.26131.18支5-584285222.82支5-6235863869.10輪灌組6支4-6207610948.87129.27支1-2151550441.03支1-384454636.37第四天輪灌組7支2-176282222.58135.14支2-2200185811.86支2-3199171913.75支2-4229660552.84支3-198217517.40支3-3194171413.71輪灌組8支4-9272655652.45129.82支5-3320967277.38表1.5C區(qū)輪灌組分組工作日輪灌組編號(hào)支管名稱長(zhǎng)度（m）滴頭數(shù)（個(gè)）流量（m3/h）輪灌組流量（m3/h）第一天輪灌組1支1-1185501540.1292.74支1-2259402332.18支6-166255420.43輪灌組2支2-1152788663.0992.55支2-3128368329.46第二天輪灌組3支3-1146626450.1191.07支3-2150512040.96輪灌組4支4-1220869769.5892.81支4-5100290423.23第三天輪灌組5支4-22791102288.1888.18輪灌組6支4-3184768261.4691.72支4-4244415833.26第四天輪灌組7支2-2144642951.4391.33支6-2260536242.90輪灌組8支6-3230639751.1893.46支6-4192528642.29表1.6D區(qū)輪灌組分組工作日輪灌組編號(hào)支管名稱長(zhǎng)度（m）滴頭數(shù)流量（m3/h）輪灌組流量（m3/h）第一天輪灌組1支1-1152189315.1493.67支1-2196363429.07支7-792240119.21支7-10271378130.25輪灌組2支2-1101215217.2295.37支3-2209530742.46支3-3199446235.70第二天輪灌組3支3-12191105088.4088.40輪灌組4支7-1241423533.8893.14支7-2131443235.46支7-4109297523.80第三天輪灌組5支7-3226718257.4691.32支7-681423333.86輪灌組6支7-82461168593.4893.48第四天輪灌組7支7-92971158292.6692.66輪灌組8支7-5165314225.1493.26支8-1206504240.34支8-2136347327.781.4.7管道流量計(jì)算支管流量由其灌溉面積確定，分干管、干管流量均按輪灌組最大流量確定。表1.7A區(qū)流量計(jì)算表序號(hào)管道名稱控制面積（m2）輪灌組號(hào)長(zhǎng)度（m）流量（m3/h）1支管1-19647819420.592支管1-226800123757.203支管1-319413223341.434支管1-423627217050.425支管1-56613314611.116支管1-68120310117.337支管1-7710747615.178支管1-89367316519.999支管1-922047420847.0610支管1-1012467418326.6111支管1-119493411320.2612支管2-120873514341.5513支管2-213247614328.2714支管2-316373110331.9415支管2-46193510313.2216支管2-516893616636.0617支管2-65867720612.5218支管2-723667717650.5119支管2-813700717829.2420支管3-113340610328.4721支管3-212040420725.7022支管3-315827519533.7823支管3-416247821331.6824支管3-517700818337.7825干管172693.6626干管258892.8027干管331893.0528輸水管44393.66表1.8B區(qū)流量計(jì)算表序號(hào)管道名稱控制面積（m2）輪灌組號(hào)長(zhǎng)度（m）流量（m3/h）1支管1-115653216433.412支管1-220633615141.033支管1-31704068436.374支管1-417780315337.945支管2-11058077622.586支管2-26967720011.867支管2-36447719913.758支管2-424760722952.849支管3-1815379817.4010支管3-27620419616.2611支管3-36427719413.7112支管4-129453123562.8613支管4-231407132067.0314支管4-317613223637.5915支管4-427360228858.3916支管4-5930739919.8617支管4-622900620748.8718支管4-712933313227.6019支管4-821220314845.2920支管4-924573827252.4521支管5-122713431048.4722支管5-230740430765.6123支管5-336253832077.3824支管5-418393518739.2625支管5-51069358422.8226支管5-632380523569.1027一分干390130.3428二分干214135.1429三分干140135.1430四分干176130.7031五分干420131.1832干管41246135.1433干管5607131.1834輸水管628135.14表1.9C區(qū)流量計(jì)算表序號(hào)管道名稱控制面積（m2）輪灌組號(hào)長(zhǎng)度（m）流量（m3/h）1支管1-118800118540.122支管1-215080125932.183支管2-129560215263.094支管2-224100714451.435支管2-313807212829.466支管3-123480314650.117支管3-219193315040.968支管4-132600422069.589支管4-241313527988.1810支管4-328793618461.4611支管4-415587624433.2612支管4-510887410023.2313支管6-1957316620.4314支管6-220100726042.9015支管6-323980823051.1816支管6-419813819242.2917一分干6592.7418二分干33791.3319三分干25191.0820四分干41591.7221干管643291.7222輸水管49391.72表1.10D區(qū)流量計(jì)算表序號(hào)管道名稱控制面積（m2）輪灌組號(hào)長(zhǎng)度（m）流量（m3/h）1支管1142支管1-213620119629.073支管2224支管3-141420321988.405支管3-219893220942.466支管3-316727219935.707支管7-115873424133.888支管7-216613413135.469支管7-326920522657.4610支管7-411153410923.8011支管7-511780816525.1412支管7-61586758133.8613支管7-7900019219.2114支管7-843133624693.4815支管7-943413729792.6616支管7-1014173127130.2517支管8-118900820640.3418支管8-213020813627.7819一分干40491.5220二分干14191.5521三分干25291.5522干管795892.0623干管861190.4224輸水管58391.55

1.4.8管徑選擇管徑初選根據(jù)下式，見公式（1.8）來(lái)確定。(1.8)表1.11A區(qū)管徑選擇計(jì)算表序號(hào)管道名稱長(zhǎng)度（m）流量（m3/h）計(jì)算內(nèi)徑（mm）擬選管徑（mm）壁厚（mm）實(shí)際內(nèi)徑（mm）1支管1-119420.5961.2663.001.7053.602支管1-223757.20102.10110.001.20101.603支管1-323341.4386.9090.001.3081.404支管1-417050.4295.86110.001.20101.605支管1-514611.1150.7163.001.7053.606支管1-610117.3356.2063.001.7053.607支管1-77615.1752.5863.001.7053.608支管1-816519.9960.3663.001.7053.609支管1-920847.0692.61110.001.20101.6010支管1-1018326.6169.6475.001.5066.0011支管1-1111320.2660.7763.001.7053.6012支管2-114341.5590.11110.001.20101.6013支管2-214328.2771.7875.001.5066.0014支管2-310331.9479.8090.001.3081.4015支管2-410313.2249.0850.001.6040.8016支管2-516636.0681.0690.001.3081.4017支管2-620612.5247.7750.001.6040.8018支管2-717650.5195.95110.001.20101.6019支管2-817829.2473.0075.001.5066.0020支管3-110328.4772.0375.001.5066.0021支管3-220725.7068.4375.001.5066.0022支管3-319533.7878.4790.001.3081.4023支管3-421331.6879.5090.001.3081.4024支管3-518337.7882.9790.001.3081.4025干管172693.66130.65160.006.20147.6026干管258892.80130.05160.006.20147.6027干管331893.05130.22160.006.20147.6028輸水管44393.66130.65160.006.20147.60表1.12B區(qū)管徑選擇計(jì)算表序號(hào)管道名稱長(zhǎng)度（m）流量（m3/h）計(jì)算內(nèi)徑（mm）擬選管徑（mm）壁厚（mm）實(shí)際內(nèi)徑（mm）1支管1-116433.4178.0390.005.4079.202支管1-215141.0389.58110.008.1093.803支管1-38436.3781.4290.005.4079.204支管1-415337.9483.1590.005.4079.205支管2-17622.5861.1575.001.5066.006支管2-220011.8652.0463.001.7053.607支管2-319913.7550.0663.001.7053.608支管2-422952.8498.13110.008.1093.809支管3-19817.4056.3163.001.7053.6010支管3-219616.2651.4463.001.7053.6011支管3-319413.7149.9963.001.7053.6012支管4-123562.86107.03110.005.3099.4013支管4-232067.03110.53125.006.00113.0014支管4-323637.5982.7790.005.4079.2015支管4-428858.39103.16110.008.1093.8016支管4-59919.8660.1663.001.7053.6017支管4-620748.8791.37110.008.1093.8018支管4-713227.6070.9275.001.5066.0019支管4-814845.2990.85110.008.1093.8020支管4-927252.4597.77110.005.3099.4021支管5-131048.4793.99110.001.20101.6022支管5-230765.61109.35110.005.3099.4023支管5-332077.38118.75125.006.00113.0024支管5-418739.2681.5990.001.3081.4025支管5-58422.8261.4975.001.5066.0026支管5-623569.10112.22125.007.40110.2027一分干390130.34151.12160.0011.80136.4028二分干214135.14156.94160.009.50141.0029三分干140135.14156.94160.0011.80136.4030四分干176130.70151.34160.006.20147.6031五分干420131.18151.62160.006.20147.6032干管41246135.14156.94160.007.70141.6033干管5607131.18151.62160.006.20147.6034輸水管628135.14156.94180.0016.40147.20表1.13C區(qū)管徑選擇計(jì)算表序號(hào)管道名稱長(zhǎng)度（m）流量（m3/h）計(jì)算內(nèi)徑（mm）擬選管徑（mm）壁厚（mm）實(shí)際內(nèi)徑（mm）1支管1-118540.1285.5190.001.3081.402支管1-225932.1876.5890.001.3081.403支管2-115263.09107.23110.005.3099.404支管2-214451.4396.81110.005.3099.405支管2-312829.4673.2775.001.5066.006支管3-114650.1195.56110.006.6096.807支管3-215040.9686.4090.001.3081.408支管4-122069.58112.61125.009.20106.609支管4-227988.18126.77160.0011.80136.4010支管4-318461.46105.83110.008.1093.8011支管4-424433.2677.8690.005.4079.2012支管4-510023.2365.0775.001.5066.0013支管6-16620.4361.0263.001.7053.6014支管6-226042.9088.4290.001.3081.4015支管6-323051.1896.58110.006.6096.8016支管6-419242.2987.7990.005.4079.2017一分干6592.74130.01160.006.20147.6018二分干33791.33131.12160.007.70141.6019三分干25191.08128.84160.006.20147.6020四分干41591.72131.39160.007.70141.6021干管643291.72131.39160.007.70141.6022輸水管49391.72131.39160.0011.80136.40表1.14D區(qū)管徑選擇計(jì)算表序號(hào)管道名稱長(zhǎng)度（m）流量（m3/h）計(jì)算內(nèi)徑（mm）擬選管徑（mm）壁厚（mm）實(shí)際內(nèi)徑（mm）1支管1-115215.1452.5463.001.7053.602支管1-219629.0772.7975.001.5066.003支管2-110117.2256.0163.001.7053.604支管3-121988.40126.93160.006.20147.605支管3-220942.4687.9690.001.3081.406支管3-319935.7080.6690.001.3081.407支管7-124133.8878.5890.001.3081.408支管7-213135.4680.3990.001.3081.409支管7-322657.46102.33110.001.20101.6010支管7-410923.8065.8675.001.5066.0011支管7-516525.1467.6875.001.5066.0012支管7-68133.8678.5690.001.3081.4013支管7-79219.2159.1763.001.7053.6014支管7-824693.48130.52160.007.70141.6015支管7-929792.66129.95160.007.70141.6016支管7-1027130.2571.2575.001.5066.0017支管8-120640.3485.7490.001.3081.4018支管8-213627.7871.1675.001.5066.0019一分干40491.52129.15160.007.70141.6020二分干14191.55131.27160.006.20147.6021三分干25291.55131.27160.006.20147.6022干管795892.06129.53160.007.70141.6023干管861190.42128.37160.006.20147.6024輸水管58391.55131.27160.009.50141.001.4.9管道水力計(jì)算1.4.9.1水頭損失計(jì)算(1)沿程水頭損失計(jì)算沿程水頭損失計(jì)算公式采用國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《微灌工程技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB/T20485-2020）中規(guī)定的計(jì)算公式，形式如下：(1.9)式中： hf——沿程水頭損失，m；L——管段長(zhǎng)度，m；Q——管段進(jìn)口流量，m3/h；d——管段直徑（內(nèi)徑），mm；m、b——分別為流量指數(shù)和管徑指數(shù)，見表（1.15）；f——管材系數(shù)，見表（1.15）；F——多口系數(shù)，適用于沿程均勻出流情況，見公式（1.10）：(1.10)式中： N——管段上出口數(shù)；x——管段上第一出口至流量進(jìn)口的距離與正常出口間距之比。表1.15m、b、f值表管道種類mbf備注鋼管1.95.16.25×105Q以m3/h計(jì)；d以mm計(jì)。硬塑料管1.771.770.464×105PE管1.751.750.505×105(2)局部水頭損失計(jì)算灌溉系統(tǒng)中局部水頭損失一般為沿程水頭損失的10～15%，為安全計(jì)，計(jì)算中按上限考慮，取局部水頭損失為沿程水頭損失的15%。1.4.9.2毛管允許的最大長(zhǎng)度由于該設(shè)計(jì)采用的是壓力補(bǔ)償式滴頭，壓力為60-400kPa，因此按照毛管首端不高于40m，尾端不低于6m來(lái)進(jìn)行計(jì)算損失不超過34m，毛管直徑選用20mm，由此按照管道沿程水頭損失計(jì)算公式以及局部水頭損失來(lái)推算毛管允許最大長(zhǎng)度為120m。本次設(shè)計(jì)毛管布置長(zhǎng)100m，在允許的最大長(zhǎng)度范圍內(nèi)。1.4.9.3管道水力計(jì)算總水頭損失根據(jù)下式，見公式（1.9）和公式（1.11）來(lái)計(jì)算。(1.11)各區(qū)支管、分干管、干管的管道水力計(jì)算見表（1.16）（1.17）（1.18）（1.19）。表1.16A區(qū)管道水力計(jì)算序號(hào)管道名稱控制面積（m2）輪灌組號(hào)長(zhǎng)度（m）流量（m3/h）計(jì)算內(nèi)徑（mm）擬選管徑（mm）壁厚（mm）實(shí)際內(nèi)徑（mm）多口系數(shù)水頭損失（m）流速（m/s）1支管1-19647819420.5961.2663.001.7053.600.3655.012.542支管1-226800123757.20102.10110.001.20101.600.3651.751.963支管1-319413223341.4386.9090.001.3081.400.3652.812.214支管1-423627217050.4295.86110.001.20101.600.3651.011.735支管1-56613314611.1150.7163.001.7053.600.3661.951.746支管1-68120310117.3356.2063.001.7053.600.3661.932.137支管1-7710747615.1752.5863.001.7053.600.3671.161.878支管1-89367316519.9960.3663.001.7053.600.3651.052.469支管1-922047420847.0692.61110.001.20101.600.3651.091.6110支管1-1012467418326.6169.6475.001.5066.000.3652.752.1611支管1-119493411320.2660.7763.001.7053.600.3662.842.5012支管2-120873514341.5590.11110.001.20101.600.3660.681.5313支管2-213247614328.2771.7875.001.5066.000.3662.402.3014支管2-316373110331.9479.8090.001.3081.400.3660.921.8715支管2-46193510313.2249.0850.001.6040.800.3661.492.8116支管2-516893616636.0681.0690.001.3081.400.3651.571.9317支管2-65867720612.5247.7750.001.6040.800.3658.132.6618支管2-723667717650.5195.95110.001.20101.600.3651.051.7319支管2-813700717829.2473.0075.001.5066.000.3653.162.3820支管3-113340610328.4772.0375.001.5066.000.3661.752.3121支管3-212040420725.7068.4375.001.5066.000.3652.932.0922支管3-315827519533.7878.4790.001.3081.400.3651.641.8023支管3-416247821331.6879.5090.001.3081.400.3651.881.8524支管3-517700818337.7882.9790.001.3081.400.3651.882.0225干管172693.66130.65160.006.20147.601.0005.921.5226干管258892.80130.05160.006.20147.601.0001.711.5127干管331893.05130.22160.006.20147.601.0002.561.5128輸水管44393.66130.65160.006.20147.601.0003.671.52表1.17B區(qū)管道水力計(jì)算序號(hào)管道名稱控制面積（m2）輪灌組號(hào)長(zhǎng)度（m）流量（m3/h）計(jì)算內(nèi)徑（mm）擬選管徑（mm）壁厚（mm）實(shí)際內(nèi)徑（mm）多口系數(shù)水頭損失（m）流速（m/s）1支管1-115653216433.4178.0390.005.4079.200.3651.551.882支管1-220633615141.0389.58110.008.1093.800.3651.031.773支管1-31704068436.3781.4290.005.4079.200.3670.922.054支管1-417780315337.9483.1590.005.4079.200.3651.802.145支管2-11058077622.5861.1575.001.5066.000.3670.861.836支管2-26967720011.8652.0463.001.7053.600.3652.921.837支管2-36447719913.7550.0663.001.7053.600.3652.531.698支管2-424760722952.8498.13110.008.1093.800.3652.152.139支管3-1815379817.4056.3163.001.7053.600.3661.892.1410支管3-27620419616.2651.4463.001.7053.600.3653.352.0011支管3-36427719413.7149.9963.001.7053.600.3652.461.6912支管4-129453123562.86107.03110.005.3099.400.3652.272.2513支管4-231407132067.03110.53125.006.00113.000.3641.881.8614支管4-317613223637.5982.7790.005.4079.200.3652.732.1215支管4-427360228858.39103.16110.008.1093.800.3653.222.3516支管4-5930739919.8660.1663.001.7053.600.3662.412.4517支管4-622900620748.8791.37110.008.1093.800.3651.701.9718支管4-712933313227.6070.9275.001.5066.000.3662.122.2419支管4-821220314845.2990.85110.008.1093.800.3661.061.8220支管4-924573827252.4597.77110.005.3099.400.3651.921.8821支管5-122713431048.4793.99110.001.20101.60.3651.711.6622支管5-230740430765.61109.35110.005.3099.400.3653.202.3523支管5-336253832077.38118.75125.006.00113.000.3642.422.1424支管5-418393518739.2681.5990.001.3081.400.3652.052.1025支管5-51069358422.8261.4975.001.5066.000.3670.971.8526支管5-632380523569.10112.22125.007.40110.200.3651.642.0127一分干390130.34151.12160.0011.80136.401.0008.372.4828二分干214135.14156.94160.009.50141.001.0001.182.4129三分干140135.14156.94160.0011.80136.401.0003.202.5730四分干176130.70151.34160.006.20147.601.0002.612.1231五分干420131.18151.62160.006.20147.601.0006.272.1332干管41246135.14156.94160.007.70141.601.00021.602.2933干管5607131.18151.62160.006.20147.601.0009.062.1334輸水管628135.14156.94180.0016.40147.201.00010.002.21表1.18C區(qū)管道水力計(jì)算序號(hào)管道名稱控制面積（m2）輪灌組號(hào)長(zhǎng)度（m）流量（m3/h）計(jì)算內(nèi)徑（mm）擬選管徑（mm）壁厚（mm）實(shí)際內(nèi)徑（mm）多口系數(shù)水頭損失（m）流速（m/s）1支管1-118800118540.1285.5190.001.3081.400.3652.112.142支管1-215080125932.1876.5890.001.3081.400.3652.001.723支管2-129560215263.09107.23110.005.3099.400.3651.482.264支管2-224100714451.4396.81110.005.3099.400.3660.981.845支管2-313807212829.4673.2775.001.5066.000.3662.312.396支管3-123480314650.1195.56110.006.6096.800.3661.081.897支管3-219193315040.9686.4090.001.3081.400.3651.772.198支管4-132600422069.58112.61125.009.20106.600.3651.822.179支管4-241313527988.18126.77160.0011.80136.400.3651.091.6810支管4-328793618461.46105.83110.008.1093.800.3652.262.4711支管4-415587624433.2677.8690.005.4079.200.3652.281.8812支管4-510887410023.2365.0775.001.5066.000.3661.191.8913支管6-1957316620.4361.0263.001.7053.600.3681.692.5214支管6-220100726042.9088.4290.001.3081.400.3653.332.2915支管6-323980823051.1896.58110.006.6096.800.3651.761.9316支管6-419813819242.2987.7990.005.4079.200.3652.732.3917一分干6592.74130.01160.006.20147.601.0000.531.5118二分干33791.33131.12160.007.70141.601.0003.111.6019三分干25191.08128.84160.006.20147.601.0001.981.4820四分干41591.72131.39160.007.70141.601.0003.861.6021干管643291.72131.39160.007.70141.601.0001.021.6022輸水管49391.72131.39160.0011.80136.401.0006.051.80表1.19D區(qū)管道水力計(jì)算序號(hào)管道名稱控制面積（m2）輪灌組號(hào)長(zhǎng)度（m）流量（m3/h）計(jì)算內(nèi)徑（mm）擬選管徑（mm）壁厚（mm）實(shí)際內(nèi)徑（mm）多口系數(shù)水頭損失（m）流速（m/s）1支管11452.5463.001.7053.600.3652.291.872支管1-213620119629.0772.7975.001.5066.000.3653.442.363支管22256.0163.001.7053.600.3661.912.124支管3-141420321988.40126.93160.006.20147.600.3650.591.445支管3-219893220942.4687.9690.001.3081.400.3652.632.276支管3-316727219935.7080.6690.001.3081.400.3651.851.917支管7-115873424133.8878.5890.001.3081.400.3652.041.818支管7-216613413135.4680.3990.001.3081.400.3661.201.899支管7-326920522657.46102.33110.001.20101.600.3651.681.9710支管7-411153410923.8065.8675.001.5066.000.3661.351.9311支管7-511780816525.1467.6875.001.5066.000.3652.252.0412支管7-61586758133.867