2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解詞匯積累系統(tǒng)學習與高效記憶匯編考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartIReadingComprehensiondirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.ForeachquestiontherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneIntherealmoftechnologicalinnovation,artificialintelligence(AI)standsoutasatransformativeforce,reshapingindustriesandredefininghumancapabilities.However,therapidadvancementofAIalsoraisesprofoundethicalquestionsthatdemandcarefulconsideration.TheintegrationofAIintovariousaspectsofsocietynecessitatesabalancedapproachthatmaximizesitsbenefitswhilemitigatingpotentialrisks.OneoftheprimaryethicalconcernssurroundingAIisitsimpactonemployment.AsAIsystemsbecomeincreasinglysophisticated,theyarecapableofperformingtasksthatweretraditionallydonebyhumans.Thisraisesthespecterofjobdisplacement,particularlyinsectorssuchasmanufacturing,customerservice,anddataanalysis.WhileAIhasthepotentialtocreatenewjobopportunities,thetransitionmaybechallengingformanyworkerswhomaystruggletoadapttonewrolesoracquirethenecessaryskills.AnothersignificantethicalissueisthepotentialforAItoperpetuatebiases.AIsystemsaretrainedondata,andifthisdatareflectsexistingsocietalbiases,theAIwillinevitablyinheritandpotentiallyamplifythem.Thiscanleadtodiscriminatoryoutcomesinareassuchashiring,lending,andcriminaljustice.AddressingthisissuerequiresaconcertedefforttoensurethatAIalgorithmsaretrainedondiverseandrepresentativedatasets,andthattheyareregularlyauditedforbias.Furthermore,theriseofAIraisesquestionsaboutprivacyandsurveillance.AsAIsystemsbecomemoreprevalent,theyarecapableofcollectingandanalyzingvastamountsofpersonaldata.Thisraisesconcernsaboutthepotentialformisuseofthisdata,andtheerosionofindividualprivacy.ItiscrucialtoestablishclearguidelinesandregulationstogovernthecollectionanduseofpersonaldatabyAIsystems,andtoensurethatindividualshavecontrolovertheirowninformation.Despitethesechallenges,thepotentialbenefitsofAIareundeniable.AIhasthepotentialtorevolutionizehealthcare,education,andtransportation,amongotherfields.Byautomatingroutinetasksandprovidingintelligentsolutions,AIcanfreeuphumanresourcestofocusonmorecomplexandcreativeendeavors.ThekeyliesindevelopingAIresponsibly,withafocusonethicalconsiderationsandacommitmenttousingtechnologyforthebettermentofsociety.Questions:1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthemainconcernsabouttheimpactofAIonemployment?3.WhyisitimportanttoensurethatAIalgorithmsaretrainedondiverseandrepresentativedatasets?4.WhatisapotentialbenefitofAImentionedinthepassage?5.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestisthekeytodevelopingAIresponsibly?PassageTwoThepursuitofhappinesshasbeenacentralthemeinhumanhistory,andyet,itsdefinitionandattainabilityremainsubjectsofongoingdebate.Whilesomearguethathappinessisprimarilyaresultofexternalcircumstances,suchaswealthandsuccess,otherscontendthatitismorecloselytiedtointernalfactors,suchasmindsetandresilience.Oneperspectiveonhappinessemphasizestheimportanceofmaterialwealthandsocialstatus.Proponentsofthisviewarguethatfinancialsecurityandahighsocialstandingprovidethefoundationforahappylife.Theypointtostudiesthatshowacorrelationbetweenincomelevelsandhappiness,suggestingthataspeople'sincomesrise,theirhappinessalsoincreases,atleastuptoacertainpoint.However,criticsofthisviewarguethatbeyondacertainincomelevel,therelationshipbetweenwealthandhappinessweakens,andthatotherfactorsbecomemoreimportant.Anotherperspectiveonhappinessfocusesoninternalfactors,suchasgratitude,optimism,andself-acceptance.Researchhasshownthatindividualswhopracticegratitude,maintainanoptimisticoutlook,andacceptthemselvesforwhotheyaretendtobehappierthanthosewhodonot.Thisperspectivesuggeststhathappinessislessaboutexternalcircumstancesandmoreabouthowweinterpretandrespondtothosecircumstances.Whileexternalfactorscancertainlyinfluenceourhappiness,theyarenotthesoledeterminantsofit.Furthermore,theconceptofhappinesshasevolvedovertime,andwhatconstituteshappinessmaydifferacrossculturesandindividuals.Insomecultures,happinessmaybecloselytiedtofamilyandcommunity,whileinothers,itmaybemorecloselyassociatedwithpersonalachievementandindependence.Thishighlightstheimportanceofunderstandingthediversewaysinwhichpeopleexperienceandexpresshappiness.Ultimately,thepursuitofhappinessisapersonaljourney,andwhatbringshappinesstoonepersonmaynotnecessarilybringhappinesstoanother.Whileexternalfactorscancertainlyplayarole,theevidencesuggeststhatinternalfactors,suchasmindsetandresilience,aremorecloselytiedtolong-termhappiness.Therefore,focusingoncultivatingapositivemindset,practicinggratitude,andbuildingresiliencemaybemoreeffectivestrategiesforachievinghappinessthansolelyfocusingonexternalcircumstances.Questions:6.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?7.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneargumentinfavoroftheideathathappinessisprimarilyaresultofexternalcircumstances?8.Whatinternalfactorsarementionedinthepassageasbeingimportantforhappiness?9.Whydoesthepassagesuggestthattheconceptofhappinesshasevolvedovertime?10.Whatisthemainmessageofthepassageregardingthepursuitofhappiness?PassageThreeTheglobalclimatecrisisisoneofthemostpressingchallengesfacinghumanitytoday.Risingtemperatures,meltingicecaps,andincreasinglyfrequentextremeweathereventsarejustafewoftheconsequencesofhumanactivitiesthathavedisruptedtheEarth'snaturalsystems.Addressingthiscrisisrequiresaconcertedeffortfromindividuals,communities,andgovernmentsaroundtheworld.Oneoftheprimarycausesofclimatechangeistheburningoffossilfuels,suchascoal,oil,andnaturalgas.Thesefuelsreleaselargeamountsofcarbondioxide(CO2)andothergreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere,whichtrapheatandcontributetoglobalwarming.Reducingourrelianceonfossilfuelsandtransitioningtorenewableenergysources,suchassolarandwindpower,isthereforecrucialformitigatingclimatechange.Thistransitionnotonlyinvolvesincreasingtheproductionofrenewableenergybutalsoimprovingenergyefficiencyinbuildings,transportation,andindustry.Anotherimportantaspectofaddressingtheclimatecrisisisprotectingandrestoringnaturalecosystems.Forests,oceans,andwetlandsplayavitalroleinregulatingtheEarth'sclimatebyabsorbingCO2andreleasingoxygen.Deforestation,pollution,andotherhumanactivitieshavedamagedtheseecosystems,reducingtheircapacitytomitigateclimatechange.Therefore,protectingexistingforests,reforestingdegradedlands,andconservingmarineecosystemsareessentialstepsincombatingtheclimatecrisis.Furthermore,individualactionscanmakeasignificantdifferenceinaddressingtheclimatecrisis.Simplelifestylechanges,suchasreducingenergyconsumption,usingpublictransportationorelectricvehicles,andadoptingaplant-baseddiet,cancollectivelyhaveasubstantialimpactonreducinggreenhousegasemissions.Whiletheseindividualactionsmayseemsmall,theycaninspirebroadersocietalchangeandcreateacultureofsustainability.However,individualactionsalonearenotsufficienttoaddressthescaleoftheclimatecrisis.Governmentsandinternationalorganizationsmustplayacriticalroleinimplementingpoliciesandregulationsthatpromotesustainablepracticesandholdpollutersaccountable.Thisincludessettingemissionreductiontargets,investinginrenewableenergyresearchanddevelopment,andprovidingfinancialincentivesforsustainablepractices.Inconclusion,theglobalclimatecrisisisacomplexchallengethatrequiresamultifacetedapproach.Transitioningtorenewableenergy,protectingnaturalecosystems,andmakingindividuallifestylechangesareallimportantstepsinmitigatingclimatechange.Butultimately,addressingthiscrisiswillrequireaglobalcommitmenttosustainabilityandawillingnesstomakesignificantchangestoourwayoflife.Questions:11.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?12.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneoftheprimarycausesofclimatechange?13.WhatroledonaturalecosystemsplayinregulatingtheEarth'sclimate?14.Whataresomeexamplesofindividualactionsthatcanhelpaddresstheclimatecrisis?15.Whatroledogovernmentsandinternationalorganizationsplayinaddressingtheclimatecrisis?PartIITranslationdirections:PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedaglobalconversationaboutitsimpactonvariousaspectsofsociety,fromtheworkplacetothekitchen.WhilesomeviewAIasatransformativeforcethatwillautomatejobsandenhanceefficiency,othersexpressconcernsaboutitspotentialtodisplacehumansfromcertainrolesandexacerbatesocialinequalities.NavigatingthiscomplexlandscaperequiresabalancedapproachthatconsidersboththeopportunitiesandchallengespresentedbyAI.ItisessentialtoengageinopendialogueandcollaborativeeffortstoensurethatthedevelopmentandimplementationofAItechnologiesarealignedwithhumanvaluesandcontributetoamoreequitableandsustainablefuture.PartIIIWritingdirections:Writeanessayof160-200wordsonthetopicbelow.WriteyouressayonAnswerSheet2.Topic:TheImportanceofLifelongLearning試卷答案PartIReadingComprehensionPassageOne1.B*解析思路：文章首段提出AI是變革性力量，但同時也帶來倫理問題，隨后分別論述了就業(yè)、偏見和隱私三個方面的倫理問題。文章結構清晰，圍繞AI的倫理問題展開，故B項“人工智能帶來的倫理問題”為正確答案。A項“人工智能的技術發(fā)展”僅涉及文章部分內(nèi)容，不夠全面。C項“人工智能對社會的影響”范圍過大，未突出倫理主題。D項“人工智能的潛在風險”也只是文章的一個方面，并非主旨。*2.A*解析思路：文章第二段明確指出，“OneoftheprimaryethicalconcernssurroundingAIisitsimpactonemployment.”并詳細闡述了AI可能導致的工作崗位流失問題。故A項“就業(yè)崗位流失”為正確答案。B項“技能培訓需求增加”是應對措施，不是主要擔憂。C項“工作滿意度下降”和D項“創(chuàng)造力被削弱”文章未提及，屬于無中生有。*3.D*解析思路：文章第三段指出，“AIsystemsaretrainedondata,andifthisdatareflectsexistingsocietalbiases,theAIwillinevitablyinheritandpotentiallyamplifythem.”并強調(diào)需要確保AI算法接受多樣化和代表性數(shù)據(jù)集的訓練，并定期進行偏見審查。故D項“防止AI算法放大偏見”為正確答案。A項“提高AI算法的準確性”不夠具體。B項“增強AI算法的安全性”和C項“降低AI算法的成本”文章未提及，屬于無中生有。*4.C*解析思路：文章第四段提到，“AIhasthepotentialtorevolutionizehealthcare,education,andtransportation,amongotherfields.”并指出AI可以通過自動化日常任務和提供智能解決方案，讓人類專注于更復雜和創(chuàng)造性的工作。故C項“提高效率，解放人力資源”為正確答案。A項“創(chuàng)造更多就業(yè)機會”和B項“降低生產(chǎn)成本”并非文章強調(diào)的主要益處。D項“提升人類智力”過于絕對，文章強調(diào)的是AI輔助人類，而非替代人類。*5.B*解析思路：文章最后一段總結指出，“ThekeyliesindevelopingAIresponsibly,withafocusonethicalconsiderationsandacommitmenttousingtechnologyforthebettermentofsociety.”強調(diào)了在發(fā)展AI時，應注重倫理考慮，并致力于利用技術改善社會。故B項“注重倫理考慮”為正確答案。A項“提高技術性能”和C項“增加技術研發(fā)投入”并非文章強調(diào)的關鍵。D項“加強國際合作”雖然重要，但不是文章的核心建議。*PassageTwo6.B*解析思路：文章首段提出“thepursuitofhappinesshasbeenacentralthemeinhumanhistory,andyet,itsdefinitionandattainabilityremainsubjectsofongoingdebate.”隨后分別從外部環(huán)境和內(nèi)部因素兩個角度探討happiness。文章圍繞happiness的定義和影響因素展開，故B項“幸福的定義及其影響因素”為正確答案。A項“幸福的來源”和D項“幸福的追求方法”只是文章的部分內(nèi)容。C項“幸福的心理學研究”文章未提及，屬于無中生有。*7.A*解析思路：文章第二段論述了幸福與外部環(huán)境的關系，“Oneperspectiveonhappinessemphasizestheimportanceofmaterialwealthandsocialstatus.”并指出支持這一觀點的人認為財富和社會地位是幸福的基礎。故A項“財富和社會地位是幸福的基礎”為正確答案。B項“外部環(huán)境對幸福有重要影響”是文章的觀點，但不夠具體。C項“幸福感隨著收入增加而增加”只是文章的一個論據(jù)。D項“社會地位比財富更重要”文章未提及，屬于無中生有。*8.C*解析思路：文章第三段論述了幸福與內(nèi)部因素的關系，“Anotherperspectiveonhappinessfocusesoninternalfactors,suchasgratitude,optimism,andself-acceptance.”并指出這些內(nèi)部因素與幸福感密切相關。故C項“心態(tài)和韌性”為正確答案。A項“樂觀和感恩”只是內(nèi)部因素的一部分。B項“自我接受和樂觀”也是內(nèi)部因素的一部分。D項“積極心態(tài)和樂觀態(tài)度”與C項意思相近，但C項更全面。*9.D*解析思路：文章第四段指出，“Thishighlightstheimportanceofunderstandingthediversewaysinwhichpeopleexperienceandexpresshappiness.”并解釋了不同文化背景下對幸福的理解存在差異。故D項“不同文化背景下對幸福的理解存在差異”為正確答案。A項“人們對幸福的追求是不斷變化的”文章未提及，屬于無中生有。B項“幸福的定義隨著時間推移而改變”只是文章的部分內(nèi)容。C項“不同時代人們對幸福的理解相同”與文章觀點相反。*10.C*解析思路：文章最后一段總結指出，“Ultimately,thepursuitofhappinessisapersonaljourney,andwhatbringshappinesstoonepersonmaynotnecessarilybringhappinesstoanother.”并強調(diào)內(nèi)部因素，如心態(tài)和韌性，與長期幸福感更密切相關。故C項“幸福取決于個人的心態(tài)和韌性”為正確答案。A項“幸福主要取決于外部環(huán)境”與文章觀點相反。B項“幸福是一個社會現(xiàn)象”文章未提及，屬于無中生有。D項“幸福是一個簡單的追求”過于簡化，與文章觀點不符。*PassageThree11.C*解析思路：文章首段提出“theglobalclimatecrisisisoneofthemostpressingchallengesfacinghumanitytoday.”并隨后分別從能源轉型、生態(tài)保護和個體行動等方面論述如何應對這一危機。文章圍繞全球氣候危機及其應對措施展開，故C項“全球氣候危機及其應對措施”為正確答案。A項“氣候變化的原因”只是文章的部分內(nèi)容。B項“可再生能源的發(fā)展”和D項“個人在環(huán)保中的作用”也只是文章的部分內(nèi)容。*12.A*解析思路：文章第二段明確指出，“Oneoftheprimarycausesofclimatechangeistheburningoffossilfuels,suchascoal,oil,andnaturalgas.”并詳細闡述了燃燒化石燃料釋放溫室氣體導致全球變暖的問題。故A項“燃燒化石燃料”為正確答案。B項“森林砍伐”和C項“工業(yè)生產(chǎn)”也是導致氣候變化的原因，但并非首要原因。D項“人口增長”文章未提及，屬于無中生有。*13.B*解析思路：文章第二段提到，“Forests,oceans,andwetlandsplayavitalroleinregulatingtheEarth'sclimatebyabsorbingCO2andreleasingoxygen.”并強調(diào)這些自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)在調(diào)節(jié)地球氣候方面發(fā)揮著至關重要的作用。故B項“吸收二氧化碳并釋放氧氣”為正確答案。A項“調(diào)節(jié)全球溫度”是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的功能之一，但不是核心功能。C項“吸收熱量”和D項“產(chǎn)生氧氣”只是部分功能，不夠全面。*14.C*解析思路：文章第三段列舉了一些個體可以采取的環(huán)保行動，“Simplelifestylechanges,suchasreducingenergyconsumption,usingpublictransportationorelectricvehicles,andadoptingaplant-baseddiet,cancollectivelyhaveasubstantialimpactonreducinggreenhousegasemissions.”故C項“減少能源消耗，使用公共交通或電動汽車，以及采用植物性飲食”為正確答案。A項“種植樹木”和D項“節(jié)約用水”也是環(huán)保行動，但文章未提及。B項“減少塑料使用”文章未提及，屬于無中生有。*15.D*解析思路：文章最后一段指出，“Governmentsandinternationalorganizationsmustplayacriticalroleinimplementingpoliciesandregulationsthatpromotesustainablepracticesandholdpollutersaccountable.”強調(diào)了政府和國際組織在制定政策、法規(guī)和監(jiān)管污染者方面的關鍵作用。故D項“制定政策、法規(guī)和監(jiān)管污染者”為正確答案。A項“投資可再生能源”和C項“提供財政補貼”是政府的行動，但不是核心作用。B項“教育公眾”雖然重要，但不是政府和國際組織的主要職責。*PartIITranslationPartIIIWritingLifelonglearninghasbecomeanindispensablepartofmodernsociety,astherapidpaceoftechnologicaladvancementandtheever-changingjobmarketdemandcontinuousskilldevelopmentandknowledge更新.Unliketraditionaleducation,