【新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷】專題二《閱讀理解說(shuō)明類專練》一一2022屆高考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)剖析精創(chuàng)專題卷考點(diǎn)01:主旨大意題考點(diǎn)02:細(xì)節(jié)理解題考點(diǎn)03:推理判斷題考點(diǎn)04:詞義猜測(cè)題一、 There'smoreevidencethatwhat'sgoodforyourheartisgoodforyourhead.Anewstudyshowsthatpeoplewhorun,swimordoothermoderateintensity(中等強(qiáng)度)exercisehavebrainsthatlook,onaverage,10yearsyoungerthanthebrainsofcouchpotatoes.〃0urstudyshowedthatforolderpeople,gettingmoderateintensityexercisemaybeprotective,helpingthemkeeptheirbrainsworkbetter,/zsaidDr.ClintonWrightoftheUniversityofMiami,wholedthestudy.Butit'snotnecessarilyeasy.Walking,golf,bowlingandyogadon'tcount,andpeopleneedtostartbeforetheybeginshowingmemoryloss,Wright'steamreportedinthejournalNeurology.Thestudyofnearly900peoplewhoexerciseregularlyshowedthat90percentfel1intothelow-intensitygroup.ThesepeoplearepartofalargergrouptakingpartinabiggerstudycalledNorthernManhattanStudy.Theywereaskedhowlongandhowoftentheyexercisedduringthepasttwoweeks.Fiveyearslater,theyweretestedformemoryandthinkingskillsandgotabrainMRI.Sevenyearsafterthat,theytookthememoryandthinkingtestsagain.The10percentwhosaidtheytookpartinmoderateintensityexercisescoredbetteronthetests.Theseincludedrunning,climbing,swimming,ridingbicyclesandsoon.Z/Wefoundthatthosewithmoderateintensityactivityhadhigherscoresandslowerdeclinethaninactivepeoplewhencomparingtheresults,,zthestudyteamwrote.ManystudieshaveshownthatexercisemaynotpreventAlzheimer"sdiseasebutmaydelayit.Thefindingsfitinwithastudythatfoundtwoyearsofexercising,eatinghealthierfoodandbraintrainingcanpromotepeople,smemoryfunction.What'strueaboutthestudy?Mostpeoplesurveyedtooklow-intensityexercise.Only900peopletookpartinthebiggerstudy.High-intensityexerciseisbetter.Tenpeoplescoredbestonthetests.Howdidthestudyteamcometotheconclusion?Byobservingpeopleexercise. B.Byusingexamples.C.Bymakingacomparison. D.BydoingabrainMRLWhatdoweknowfromthelastparagraph?Exercisewilldefinitelystrengthenpeople"smemory.Alzheimer'sdiseasemaybeheldbackbymoderateintensityexercise.Exercisecanputoffthebeginningofmemorydecline.Thefindingsfitinwiththestudyofhealthyfood.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?Howtokeephealthy.Waystomakeyourbrainworkbetter.Toexerciseornot.Moderateintensityexercisekeepsyourbrainyounger.二、Likeclockwork,nearlyeveryfourthFebruaryincludesoneextraday.February29th,alsoknownasLeapDay(閏日),isn'texactlyaholiday.Instead,it'stheretokeepyourcalendarconsistentwiththeearth,srotation(旋轉(zhuǎn))aroundthesun.Accordingtohistory,RomanemperorJuliusCaesaristhe"father"ofLeapYear.Untilhecamealong,peoplehaduseda355-daycalendar,whichwas10.25daysshorterthanthesolaryear（太陽(yáng)年）.Romanofficialsweresupposedtoaddanextramontheverynowandthentokeeptheseasonsexactlywheretheyshouldbe.Butthatdidn,tworkoutallthatwell.Whenspecialoccasionsstartedshiftingintodifferentseasonsaround45BCE,CaesarconsultedexpertsandthenannouncedthattheRomanempireshouldusea12-month,365-daycalendar,whichhenamedafterhimself.Caesar"sJuliancalendarincludedaLeapDayeveryfouryears.ThoughLeapDaykeepsyourcalendarinlinewiththeearth'srotationaroundthesun,itcausesadifferentkindofproblemforleapsters.WhenshouldtheseFebruary29thbabiescelebratetheirbirthdaysduringtheotherthree-quartersoftheirlives?SomepartyonFebruary28th,whileotherspreferatwo一daycelebrationthatspansthelastdayofFebruaryandthefirstdayofMarch.LeapDaycanbeanuisanceinthelegalsystem.In2006,acourtinUSAwasdecidingwhethercriminalJohnMelocouldbesetfreetwodaysearlysincehis10-yearsentence(判JflJ)includedtwoLeapDays.Inthecase,thejudgedecidedthatsincethemanwassentencedtoprisonforyears,notdays.LeapDaydicin'tmakeabitofdifference.Thoughafewtimekeepershavepushedforcalendarsthatdon'tincludeLeapDay,almostallexpertsandsocietiesagreethatLeapDayisthebestmethodtokeepthecalendarontrack.WhywasLeapDaycreated?Tokeeppace withthesolaryear. B.To keeptrackofal1theseasons.C.Tocelebrate specialoccasions- D.To honorEmperorJuliusCaesar.WhatistheproblemwiththebirthdaycelebrationofFebruary29thbabies?Itissometimesdelayed. B. It lastsatleasttwodays.C.Ithastobe heldeveryotheryear. D.It maytakeplaceondifferentdates.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"nuisance"inParagraph4mean?Joke. B.Topic. C.Trouble. D.Mistake.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?LeapDaywasnamedafterJuliusCaesar.Leapsterscelebratetheirbirthdaysonceeveryfouryears.JohnMelobenefitedfromLeapDay.PeopleholddifferentattitudestowardsLeapDay.三、 Folktaleshavesaddled(使承擔(dān))themoonwithmajorresponsibilities:moods,increasesincrimeandevenmentaldisordersareblamedontheEarth,sonlyconstantnaturalsatellite.Butcouldthe"lunareffect”disturbsleep?Scientistshavelongunderstoodthathumanactivityisfacilitatedbylight,beitsunlight,moonlightorartificiallight.Butarecentstudysuggestsourabilityto

sleepisdistinctlyaffectedbythelunarcycle,evenwhentakingintoaccountartificialsourcesoflight.Usingwristmonitors,researcherstrackedsleeppatternsin98individualslivinginthreelocalcommunitiesinArgentinaoverthecourseofonetotwomonths.Oneruralcommunityhadnoelectricityaccess,asecondruralcommunityhadlimitedaccesstoelectricity,whileathirdcommunitywaslocatedinanurbansettingandhadfullaccesstoelectricity.Participantsinallthreecommunitiesshowedthesamepatternofsleeposcillations(波動(dòng))asthemoonprogressedthroughits29.5-daycycle,withsleepdurationchangingbybetween20andmorethan90minutes,andbedtimesvaryingby30to80minutes-Ineachcommunity,thepeakofparticipantssleepinglessandstayinguplateroccurredinthethree-to-five-dayperiodpriortofullmoonnights,andtheoppositeoccurredonthenightsbeforethenewmoon,theauthorsfound.Unsurprisingly,datashowedthealunarphaseeffect"onsleepappearedtobestrongerthemorelimitedaccesstoelectricitywas.〃Theresultstronglysuggeststhathumansleepissynchronized(同步)withlunarphasesregardlessofethnicandsocio-culturalbackgroundandofthelevelofurbanisation,"theresearcherswroteinthejournalScienceAdvances.DelaIglesiaadded:uWehumanstendtobelievethatwemanagedtosomehowcontrolnature,andtheuseofartificiallightisagreatexampleofthat.Butitturnsoutthattherearesomeforcesofnaturethatwecannotgetawayfrom."Derk-JanDijk,aprofessorofsleepandphysiologyandthedirectorofasleepresearchcentreattheUniversityofSurrey,describedthestudyasexcitingbutnotedthattheresearchershadnotaddressedinternalinfluencessuchasbodyclocksthatcouldaffectsleeppatterns.Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?A.Theharmoflunareffect.B.Thereliabilityoffolktales.C.Thefunctionofartificiallight.!)?Theeffectofthelunarcycleonsleep.Whendidtheparticipantsintheexperimentsleepleast?A.Onthefullmoonnight.Onthenewmoonnight.A.Onthefullmoonnight.Onthenewmoonnight.Onthenightafterthenewmoon.D.Onthenightbeforethefullmoon.3-Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inthelastparagraphbutonereferto?A.Controllingnature. B.Thelevelofurbanisation.C.Theeseapefromforcesofnature.D.Synchronizingwithlunarphases.4.WhatdidDerk一JanDijkthinkoftheresearchfindings?A.Groundless.B.Persuasive.C.Incomplete.I).Impressive.四、 DoyoustillrememberthesceneinthefamousmovieTitanic,directedbyCameron,whereJackwasfrozentodeathintheicycoldwatersothatRosecouldsurvive(存活)onthefloating(浮)dooralone?Itbrokemanypeople'shearts.Twentyyearslater,peoplearestillaskingthequestion,〃Wasn'tthereenoughroomonthedoorforbothofthem?"Camerononcerespondedbysayingitwasn,taquestionofroom,butbuoyancy(浮力)一ifbothofthemhadtriedtostayontheraft(木排),heargued,thewholethingwouldsink(沉沒(méi)).Butseveralguysfrom〃MythBusters〃,anAustralian-Americanscienceentertainmenttelevisionprogram,decidedtotestthetheorythemselves.TheydiscoveredthatifRosehadtookoffherlifejackettothebottomoftheraft,therewouldhavebeenenoughbuoyancytokeepbothofthemafloat.WhentheypresentedtheirfindingstoCameron,thedirectorinsistedthatJackcouldn,tbesaved."Theanswerisverysimple,〃Cameronsaid."BecauseitsaysonPage147ofthescript(劇本）thatJackdies.〃ToCameron,itwasanartisticchoicetohavethebelovedcharacterofmillions,Jack,sinkintothecoldsea.JackhadtodiebecauseCameronthoughtitwouldbebest.〃Itwasanartisticchoice,thethingwasjustbigenoughtoholdher,andnotbigenoughtoholdhim,Cameronsaid.〃Ithinkit'sallkindofsilly,really,thatwe'rehavingthisdiscussion20yearslater.ButitdoesshowthatthefilmwaseffectiveinmakingJacksobelovedbytheaudiencethatithurtsthemtoseehimdie.Thefilmisaboutdeathandseparation;hehadtodie.〃SinceJackhadtodie,Cameronsaid,itcouldhavehappenedinavarietyofdifferentways.It'snotaboutthedoornotbeingbigenough:that'sjustapracticalmethodforhisdeath."Whetheritwasthat,orwhetherachimneyfellonhim,hewasgoingdown,"Cameronsaid."It'scalledart:thingshappenforartisticreasons,notforphysicsreasons.〃WhatdoweknowaboutthecharacterJackaccordingtothetext?Hewantedtoki11himself.B?HegaveuphisownlifetosaveRose.C-Hedidn'thavemoneytobuytheticket.Helackedbasicknowledgeofphysics.AccordingtoCameron,whydidtheaudienceargueaboutJack'sdeathfor20years?A.Theyareweakpeople. B.Theydon,tlikethemovie.C-TheylovethecharacterJack. D.Theyarecrazyaboutphysics.Whywasachimneymentionedinthelastparagraph?Tointroducehowtheshipwasbuilt.Toshowtheoriginalplanofthemovie.Topresentthemissingpartofthemovie.ToexplaintheunchangeablefateofJack.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.JackinTitanicMustDie. B.BigEnoughforBoth.C.CameronIsWrong. D.JackCouldSurvive.五、Sofarthisyear,theholeintheozonelayer(臭氧層)overAntarcticahasexpandedtooneofitslargestsizesanddeepestlevelsinyears,reportedChinaDaily.Sohowbigistheozonehole?OnSept.20,theholeoverAntarcticapeakedat24.8millionsquarekilometers,whichisthreetimesthesizeoftheUnitedStates.Ithasincreasedby8.4millionsquarekilometerssince2019.Thatputsitinaboutthesameareasasozoneholesin2015and2018,whichrespectivelyrecordedpeaksof25.6and22.9millionsquarekilometers.〃The2020ozonelossshowsthatwehavetoremaincautiousandmaintaincontinuousobservations,〃saidWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationSecretary-GeneralPettedTaalas.Theozonelayerisimportantbecauseitactslikeasunscreen,blockingharmfulultravioletlight(紫夕卜線)fromreachingourplanet'ssurface.Withoutit,humansandanimalswillbemorelikelytoexperiencediseasessuchasskincancers,immunesuppression,cataractsandprematureaging.Ofcourse,humansplayalargeroleinthedamageoftheozonelayer.ThelossofozoneintheAntarctic,aswellastheArctic,isduetothelargequantityofozone-destroyinggasescausedbyhumanactivity.Oncegettingintotheatmosphere,thesegasescanremainformanyyears.Inextremelycoldweatherconditions,theyresultinchemicalreactionsthatdestroytheozonelayer."TheArcticstratosphere(平流層)continuestobeweaktoozone-depletingsubstances(物質(zhì))linkedtohumanactivities,saidTaalas.MarcusRex,ascientistattheAlfredWegenerInstituteinGermany,toldNaturethattheozoneholedoesn'tthreatenhumanhealthbutoverthenextmonth,thereisapossibilitythatitmightmovetoareaswithlargerpopulation.Inthatcase,herecommendsmoresunscreen.Althoughitseemsbad,scientistsarehopefulthatEarthcanhealitself.Researchersbelievetheozoneholewilleventuallyhealandaround2050,Earth'sozonelayerwillreturntonormal.1-Whatdoweknowabouttheholeintheozonelayer?Itincreases8.4millionkm'everyyear.Itisthefirsttimeforittobethislarge.Itis24.8mil1ionkilometersabovetheEarth.I)-Ithasreachedasimilarpeaklevelinthepast.Whatisthemaincauseofthedamageoftheozonelayer?Theseriouspollutioninpopulatedareas.ThebrokennaturalbalanceoftheArcticstratosphere.Thelargequantityofcertainharmfulgasesreleased.Chemicalreactionsinextremelycoldweatherconditions.3-Whatisscientists'attitudetowardEarth"sozonelayer,accordingtothelastparagraph?A.Optimistic.B.Hopeless. C.Doubtful. D.Unconcerned.4.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ProtecttheozonelayerB?RapidlygrowingozoneholeTheozonelayermatterstousTheozonelayerandtheEarth六、Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認(rèn)矢口)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage."Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnotiontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))andtranslateshapes,,zLevinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofthechildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskilIs.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythantheparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentScience.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A.Buildingconfidence. B.Developingspatialskills.C.Learningself-control. D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment?A.Parents'age. B?Children'simagination.D.Child-parentC.Parents'education.D.Child-parentrelationship.Howdoboysdifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage. D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod. B.Ascientificstudy.C.Awomanpsychologist. D.Ateachingprogram.七、 Youcarry1.3kgfattymaterialinyourheadthatcontrolseverythingyouwilleverdo.Thisfantasticcontrolcenterletsyouthink,learn,create,andfeelemotions.Italsocontrolseverythingyourbodydoes.Whatisthisamazingmachine?It,syourbrain—astructuresoamazingthatthefamousscientistJamesWatsoncalledit"themostcomplexthingwehaveyetdiscoveredinouruniverse".Imagineyourcatjumpedontothekitchencounter,andwasabouttostepontoahotstove.Youwouldhaveonlyfewsecondstoact.Insituationslikethis,yourbrainreadsthesignalsfromyoureyesandquicklycalculateswhen,whereandatwhatspeedyouneedtoruntosaveher.Thenittellsyourmusclestomove-Nocomputercanmatchyourbrain'sgreatabilitytodownload,process,andreacttothefloodofinformationfromyoureyes,earsandothersensoryorgans.Ifabeelandsonyourfoot,sensoryneurons(感覺(jué)神經(jīng)元)inyourskinsendthisinformationtoyourbrainataspeedofmorethan240kilometersperhour.Yourbrainthenusesmotorneurons(運(yùn)動(dòng)4申經(jīng)元)tosendamessagebacktoyourfoot:Shakethebeeoffquickly!Motorneuronscansendthisinformationatmorethan320kilometersperhour!Yourbrainhasabout100billiontinycells:neurons一itwouldtakeyoumorethan3,000yearsifyoutriedtocountthemall.Wheneveryoudream,laugh,think,seeormove,tinychemicalandelectricalsignalsareracingbetweentheseneuronsalongbillionsoftinyneuronpathways.Believeitornot,theactivityinyourbrainneverstops.Countlessmessagesflyaroundinsideiteverysecond,likeasuper-fastgameoftabletennis.Yourneuronscreateandsendmoremessagesthanallthephonesintheentireworld.Andalthoughasingleneuronproducesonlyatinyamountofelectricity,allyourneuronstogethercanproduceenoughelectricitytopoweralightbulb.Whatdoes"themostcomplexthing"mean?A.Asupercomputer.B.Humanbrains.C.Theuniverse.D.Ouremotions.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Brainscandownloadmoreinformationthananycomputer.B?Thecatplaysanimportantroleintestinghumanbrainpower.Motorneuronsinhumanbrainsservetosendmessages.Yourbrainscanuseneuronstosendmessagesbackfasterthanbees,.Theauthormentions〃topoweralightbulb"inPara.4toshow .A.neuronscancreatelotsofmessagesB.howmanyactivetinycellsthebrainhaveC-howmuchelectricitythebraincanproduce D.thereiscountlessinformationinthebrainWhatisthemainideaofthepassage?Thepowerfulbrainisawonderfulmachine.Brainsworkwellincontrollingbodymovements.Thebrainisthemostcomplexstructureintheuniverse-Humanbrainsaremadeupofnumerousneurons.八、 Forthefirsttimeever,scientistshaverecordedtheheartrateoftheworldslargestcreature:thebluewhale.Togetthisreading,theyattachedanelectrocardiogramdevicetothebodyofawhale.Theyfoundthatthemammalsheartratecansiowtojusttwobeatsaminuteastheanimalsearchesforfoodbelowthesurfaceoftheocean.Thehighestheartratetheyrecordedwas37beatsaminuteafterthewhalereturnedtothesurfaceforair.Thebluewhaleisthelargestanimalthathaseverlived.Itcangrowto30meterslongandweighasmuchas181,000kilograms.TheanimaTsheartaloneweighsmorethanafullgrowncow.Generally,largeranimalshaveslowerheartrates.Anormalhumanheartofapersonatrestbeats60to100timeseachminute.Itincreasestoabout200beatsaminuteduringexercise.Thesmallestmammals,shrews(鼠旬黯),haveheartratesofmorethanathousandbeatsperminute.Theresearchersrecordedninehoursofinformationona22-meter-longmalefromthePacificOceanoffthecoastofCalifornia.Thedatadidnotcomeeasily.But,withyearsofresearchexperienceandsomeluck,theteamwasabletopositionasmallboatalongthewhale'sleftside.Then,theresearchersconnectedaspecialrecordingdevicetoaverylongpole.Asthewhalesurfacedtobreathe,theyquicklydeployedthedeviceasneartotheanimalsheartaspossible:justbehinditsleftflipper(鰭).Thesmalldevicehadfoursuction(吸)cupsonitpermittingittoremainonthewhaleforseveralhours.Duringfeedingdives,thebluewhaleunderobservationshowedextremelylowheartrates,usuallyof4to8beatsaminuteandaslowastwobeatsaminuteAftersurfacingtobreatheafterfooddives,thewhalehadheartratesof25to37beatsperminuteWhichofthefollowinghastheslowestheartrate?A.Thecow B.Theshrew C.ThehumansD.ThebluewhaleWhydidtheauthormentionthecowinParagraph2?A.Todescribethehugebodyofawhale.B?TocompareseaanimalswithlandonesToshowtheheartratesofdifferentanimalsTostudyitsdifferentheartbeatsatdifferenttimesWhatdoestheunderlinedword〃deployed〃inParagraph5mean?A.changed B.opened C.fixed D.threwWhatdothefiguresinthelastparagraphreferto?A.Minutes B.HeartbeatsC-FeedingdivesI).Electronicdevices答案以及解析、答案:1-4ACCI)解析:1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的"Thestudyofnearly900peoplewhoexerciseregularlyshowedthat90percentfellintothelow-intensitygroup"可知,對(duì)近900名經(jīng)常鍛煉的人的研究表明,90%的人屬于低強(qiáng)度組,故選A項(xiàng)。推理判斷題。文章第一段表明這項(xiàng)研究將適度運(yùn)動(dòng)的人和不運(yùn)動(dòng)的人作對(duì)比,第三段中的〃The10percentwhosaid...betteronthetests"表明,研究對(duì)比了90%低強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)的人和剩下10%的人,故這項(xiàng)研究是通過(guò)作對(duì)比來(lái)得出結(jié)論的。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知,很多研究表明運(yùn)動(dòng)可能不會(huì)阻止阿爾茨海默病的發(fā)生,但可以延緩它出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間,故C項(xiàng)正確。主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知,文章介紹了新的研究表明中等強(qiáng)度的運(yùn)動(dòng)可以使大腦保持年輕,故D項(xiàng)最適合作文章標(biāo)題。 、答案:1.A;2.D;3.C;4.D解析:1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"Instead,itJstheretokeepyourcalendarconsistentwiththeearth'srotation(旋轉(zhuǎn))roundthesun.〃,第二段中的"Romanofficialsweresupposedtoaddanextramontheverynowandthentokeeptheseasonsexactlywheretheyshouldbe."以及第三段中的"ThoughLeapDaykeepsyourcalendarinlinewiththeearth'srotationaroundthesun..."可知,閏日的產(chǎn)生是為了與太陽(yáng)保持一-致。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“WhenshouldtheseFebruary29thbabiescelebratetheirbirthdaysduringtheotherthree-quartersoftheirlives…thefirstdayofMarch."可知,在2月29日出生的人,有的是在2月28日慶祝生日,也有些人會(huì)在二月的最后一天和三月一個(gè)為期兩天的慶生活動(dòng)。由此可知,在這一天出生的人可能會(huì)在不同的日期慶祝生日。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文所舉的例子可知,在法律體系中閏日的出現(xiàn)可能會(huì)帶來(lái)一些麻煩。推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文最后一段可知有小部分計(jì)時(shí)員曾努力爭(zhēng)取把間日從日歷中剔除,而大部分的專家和一眾社會(huì)團(tuán)體都認(rèn)為閏日的設(shè)置是維持日歷正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的最佳方式。所以人們對(duì)于閏日的存在看法不一。三、答案:l.D;2.D;3.A;4.C解析:1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句Z/Butarecentstudysuggestsourabilitytosleepisdistinctlyaffectedbythelunarcycle,evenwhentakingintoaccountartificialsourcesoflight.(但最近的一項(xiàng)研究表明,我們的睡眠能力明顯受到月球周期的影響,即使把人工光源也考慮在內(nèi))〃可知,最近的研究主要是關(guān)于月亮周期對(duì)睡眠的影響,所以選D項(xiàng)。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的^Ineachcommunity,thepeakofparticipantssleepinglessandstayinguplateroccurredinthethree~to-five~dayperiodpriortofullmoonnights,andtheoppositeoccurredonthenightsbeforethenewmoon,theauthorsfound.(作者發(fā)現(xiàn),在每個(gè)社區(qū)中,參與者睡眠少,熬夜晚的高峰出現(xiàn)在滿月前的3到5天,而新月前的夜晚則相反)〃可知,參與實(shí)驗(yàn)的人在月圓前的晚上睡得最少,所以選I)項(xiàng)。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文〃Wehumanstendtobelievethatwemanagedtosomehowcontrolnature,andtheuseofartificiallightisagreatexampleofthat"可矢口,DelaIglesia說(shuō)我們?nèi)祟悆A向于相信我們?cè)O(shè)法控制了自然,而人造光的使用就是人類控制自然一個(gè)很好的例子,所以由此推斷劃線詞指的是〃控制自然〃,所以選A項(xiàng)。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的,zDerk-JanDijk,aprofessorofsleepandphysiologyandthedirectorofasleepresearchcentreattheUniversityofSurrey,describedthestudyasexcitingbutnotedthattheresearchershadnotaddressedinternalinfluencessuchasbodyclocksthatcouldaffectsleeppatterns.(薩里大學(xué)睡眠研究中心主任,睡眠生理學(xué)教授Derk-JanDijk稱這項(xiàng)研究令人興奮,但他指出,研究人員還沒(méi)有解決可能影響睡眠模式的生物鐘等內(nèi)部影響）〃可推知,Derk-JanDijk認(rèn)為研究結(jié)果不完整,所以選C項(xiàng)。四、答案:1-4BCDA解析:1?細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"JackwasfrozentodeathintheicycoldwatersothatRosecouldsurviveonthefloatingdooralone(Jack被凍死在冰冷的水中是為了Rose能一個(gè)人在漂浮的門板上活下來(lái))"可知,答案是B項(xiàng)(Jack為救Rose而犧牲自己)而不是A(他想自殺)、C(他沒(méi)錢買票)或D(他缺乏基本的物理知識(shí))。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"ButitdoesshowthatthefilmwaseffectiveinmakingJacksobelovedbytheaudiencethatithurtsthemtoseehimdie(但那確實(shí)表明,這部電影有效地把Jack塑造得讓觀眾非常喜愛(ài),以至于看到他死去他們感到心痛)"可知,觀眾之所以爭(zhēng)論Jack的死,是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚gJack這個(gè)角色(C項(xiàng)),不是因?yàn)樗麄兪擒浫醯娜?A項(xiàng)),不是因?yàn)樗麄儾幌矚g這部電影(B項(xiàng)),也不是因?yàn)樗麄儼V迷于物理(D項(xiàng))。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"SinceJackhadtodie,Cameronsaid,itcouldhavehappenedinavarietyofdifferentways.It'snotaboutthedoornotbeingbigenough:that,sjustapracticalmethodforhisdeath.（Cameron說(shuō),既然Jack必須死,那可能就有各種不同的方式死去。不是門板夠不夠大的問(wèn)題:那不過(guò)是一種對(duì)于他來(lái)說(shuō)可行的死亡方式。)”可推斷,提及煙囪只是要解釋Jack不可改變的死亡命運(yùn)。A項(xiàng):介紹船是怎么建造的;B項(xiàng):展示電影原先的計(jì)劃;C項(xiàng):呈現(xiàn)電影缺失的部分。這三項(xiàng)顯然與原文不符。主旨大意題。文章主要說(shuō)明了電影中Jack為救Rose,自己淹死在水中?！短┨鼓峥颂?hào)》導(dǎo)演Cameron回答了觀眾對(duì)電影的質(zhì)疑,并給出了Jack非死不可的理由。由此可推斷文章的最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是A項(xiàng)(《泰坦尼克號(hào)》中Jack必須死）。五、 答案: