2024-2025學(xué)年山東省濟(jì)南市章丘第四中高三上學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷

一、閱讀理解(★)Irelandhashadaverydifficulthistory.Theproblemsstartedinthe16thcenturywhenEnglishrulerstriedtoconquerIreland.Forhundredsofyears,theIrishpeoplefoughtagainsttheEnglish.Finally,in1921,theBritishgovernmentwasforcedtogiveindependencetothesouthofIreland.Theresultisthattodaytherearetwo“Irelands”.NorthernIreland,inthenorth,ispartoftheUnitedKingdom.TheRepublicofIreland,inthesouth,isanindependentcountry.Inthe1840s,themaincrop,potatoes,wereaffectedbydiseaseandabout750,000peoplediedofhunger.This,andashortage(短缺)ofwork,forcedmanypeopletoleaveIrelandandliveintheUSA,theUK,AustraliaandCanada.Asaresultoftheseproblems,thepopulationfellfrom8.2millionin1841to6.6millionin1851.Formanyyears,themajorityofIrishpeopleearnedtheirlivingasfarmers.Today,manypeoplestillworkonthelandbutmoreandmorepeoplearemovingtothecitiestoworkinfactoriesandoffices.Lifeinthecitiesisverydifferentfromlifeinthecountryside,wherethingsmoveataquieterandslowerpace.TheIrisharefamousforbeingwarm-heartedandfriendly.OscarWilde,afamousIrishwriter,oncesaidthattheIrishwere“thegreatesttalkerssincetheGreeks”.Sinceindependence,Irelandhasrevived(復(fù)興)itsowncultureofmusic,language,literatureandsinging.DifferentareashavedifferentstylesofoldIrishsongswhicharesungwithoutinstruments.OtherkindsofIrishmusicusemanydifferentinstrumentssuchastheviolin,whistles,etc.1.Whatdoestheauthortellusinparagraph1?

A．HowtheIrishfoughtagainsttheEnglish.B．HowIrelandgainedindependence.C．HowEnglishrulerstriedtoconquerIreland.D．Howtwo“Irelands”cameintobeing.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutIrelandfromthetext?

A．Foodshortagesinthe1840sledtoadeclineinpopulation.B．Peoplearemovingtothecitiesforlackofworkinthecountryside.C．Itishardertomakealivingasafarmerthanasafactoryworker.D．DifferentkindsofoldIrishsongsareallsungwithinstruments.3.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．LifeinIrelandB．AVeryDifficultHistoryC．Ireland,PastandPresentD．TheIndependenceofIreland(★★★)There’snothinglikehavingabestfriendforever—thatpersonwhoyoucanhavefunwithandtalkto.July30istheInternationalDayofFriendship.Maybeyoucankeepaneyeoutforanewfriendtogettoknow.Andwhilewe’retalkingaboutfriends,don’tthinkhumansaretheonlyoneswhoknowathingortwoaboutfriendship.Checkoutthesefriendlyanimalsinnaturewhohelpeachotherout.Anelephantandanolivebaboon(東非狒狒)canbefriends?Itsoundsstrange,butit’strue.YoucanfindthispairoffriendsinthegrasslandsofAfrica.Thisunusualpairhelpseachotheroutlikeanygoodfriendswould.Theelephantusesitsfrontteethtomakeawaterholeinthesand,anditletstheolivebaboonhaveadrinkfromthis“well”whenitgetsthirsty.Inreturn,thebaboontellstheelephantwhendangerisnear.Itclimbsuptothetreetopsandcallsoutsoitsfriendknowsthatit’stimetomoveon.Intheseaworld,thegobyfish(蝦虎魚)andtheshrimp(蝦)arewell-knownfortheirfriendship.Whiletheshrimpprovidesahomeforthegobyfish,thegobyfishprovidesaguidanceserviceforthealmostblindshrimp.Yousee,thegobyhasgreateyesightandstaysclosetotheshrimp.Astheshrimpmovesaround,theshrimpisfeelingthegobywithitsantenna(須)fromtimetotimetomakesureit’sstillthere.Ifthegobysensesdanger,shewillreturntothehomeandtheshrimpwillfollow.Thelangurmonkeyhasaverygoodfriendshipwiththechitaldeer(花鹿).Whilethelangurmonkeyeatsinatree,itdropsleavestotheground.Thisisgoodforthedeerbecausesometimesthere’snotmuchfood.Thedeerwillfollowthemonkeyandeatwhateverfoodisdropped.Andinreturn,whenthemonkeycomesdownfromthetree,thedeerwillputitsfootdownheavilytotellthemonkeyifitsensesdanger.4.Howcananelephanthelpanolivebaboon?

A．Byofferingashelter.B．Bydiggingawaterhole.C．Byguidingtheway.D．Bywarningitofdanger.5.Whatdoesashrimpdowhenmovingaroundinthesea?

A．Itneverswimsfarfromitshome.B．Itgoeshomefromtimetotime.C．Itstaysclosetothegobyfish.D．Itusesitsantennafordirections.6.Whatdotheolivebaboonandthechitaldeerhaveincommon?

A．Theyhavegoodeyesight.B．Theyhaveagoodsenseofsmell.C．Theywarntheirfriendsofdanger.D．Theylivetogetherwiththeirfriends.7.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．BestfriendsforeverB．TheInternationalDayofFriendshipC．Loveme,lovemydogD．Friendshipsintheanimalworld(★★★)Wheredoyouexpecttoseegraffiti(涂鴉)?Probablynotinamuseum.BristolMuseumandArtGallery,inthesouth-westofEngland,wasthekindofplaceyouwenttoseeclassicalstatuesandstuffedanimalsincasesuntilthearrivalsofthe‘BanksyVersustheBristolMuseum’exhibitionin2009.Theexhibitionhostedmorethan100worksbyBanksy,oneoftheworld’smostfamousgraffitiartists.Banksyisamanofmystery(神秘).Hehardlyevergivesinterviewsandlikestobeanonymous(匿名的).NobodyknowsmuchabouthislifeorhisbackgroundbutmanypeoplebelievethathisrealnameiseitherRobinCunningham,RobertBanksorRobinBanksandthathewasbornin1973nearBristol.Banksy’squestioned‘streetart’includespaintingsonlivesheepandcowsandgraffitionthehugewallputuptodividetwoareas.BrandPittspentover82milliononaBanskyoriginal.BanksydesignedanalbumcoverfortheBritpopgroupBlurin2003buthehasrefusedrequeststodoadvertsforNike.AyearaftertheBristolexhibition,BanksymadeafilmcalledExitThroughtheGiftShop.ThefilmtellsthestoryofaFrenchstreetartistinAmerica.ExitThroughtheGiftShopreceivedmanypositivereviews.NobodyknowsifitwasaboutarealartistoraninventedcharacterfromBanksy’simagination.Bristolisn’ttheonlyplaceinBritaintowelcomegraffiti.TheDPMParkinDundee,Scotlandhasthelongestlegalgraffitiwall(almost110mlong)intheUK.Anyonecanpaintonthecouncil-ownedwallanytimetheylike.MikeCrilley,thegraffitiwallprojectorganiser,promotesthepositivesideofgraffitiandrunsworkshopsforlocalchildren.Iseveryonedoinggraffiti?Canwedograffitiwherewewantthesedays?Notexactly.It’sillegaltopaintonsomebodyelse’spossessions,somakesureyoufindalegalgraffitiwallliketheoneinDundeeifyouwanttohaveago.8.WhyisBanksyamanofmystery?

A．HisworksaremainlysetinBristol.B．Hisworksarenotuniversallyrecognized.C．He’slikelytouseapennameinhisworksD．Hecomesfromanareaunfamilartoothers.9.WhatcanbeinferredaboutExitThroughtheGiftShop?

A．Itwasproducedintheyear2010.B．ItwasbasedonBanksy’struestory.C．ItwasdirectedandstarredbyBanksy.D．ItwasfilmedfortheBristolexhibition.10.Wherecanyoudograffitiaccordingtotheauthor?

A．OnanywallintheUK.B．Onsomebody’souterwall.C．InMikeCrilley’sworkshops.D．Inanynation-ownedparks.11.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellabout?

A．Differentopinionsongraffiti.B．Britain’sfamousgraffitiartist.C．Banksy’smostsuccessfulgraffiti.D．Graffitiinmajorcitiesintheworld.(★★★)IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizenscientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecieswiththeaidofamobileapplication,”saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistantprofessorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences.“Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens(標(biāo)本),andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Daruandhisteamtestedhowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias(使有偏差)data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,”saidDaru.Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetterglobalcoverage.Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,andspecies.Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.Thesedataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreye-catchingfeatures.Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?“Quitealot,”Daruexplained.“Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces—andevenspecies—thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.”12.Whatdoweknowabouttherecordsofspeciescollectednow?

A．Theyarebecomingoutdated.B．Theyaremostlyinelectronicform.C．Theyarelimitedinnumber.D．Theyareusedforpublicexhibition.13.WhatdoesDaru’sstudyfocuson?

A．Threatenedspecies.B．Physicalspecimens.C．Observationaldata.D．Mobileapplications.14.Whathasledtothebiasesaccordingtothestudy?

A．Mistakesindataanalysis.B．Poorqualityofuploadedpictures.C．Improperwayofsampling.D．Unreliabledatacollectiondevices.15.WhatisDaru’ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps?

A．Reviewdatafromcertainareas.B．Hireexpertstochecktherecords.C．Confirmtheidentityoftheusers.D．Giveguidancetocitizenscientists.(★★)Toanoutsider，anyculturecanseemconfusing.AndtheUK'sgotathingortwothatraisesafeweyebrows.However，understandthewhyandthingsmightbelesspuzzling.16.Inaworldwhere61％ofnationsdriveontheright，Britsdriveontheleft.Why?MostpeoplethinkitgoesbacktoMedieval，maybeevenRomantimes.17whenyourememberthatright-handedpeoplewearaswordontheirlefthip.Travellingontheleftallowedyoutokeepyourweaponarmtowardyouropponent，whowouldbeonyourright.Thispracticecontinueduntilthe18thcenturywhenalawwaspassedrequiringalltrafficcrossingLondonBridgetokeeptotheleft.VisitorstotheUKthathavejustwashedtheirhandsinanold-fashionedsinkmightbewonderingwhyonetapisonlyforhotwater，theothercold.18.So，whythisoddity?Itrelatestoatimewhenhotandcoldwaterwerekeptseparatetopreventpollution.Drinkablecoldwatercamefromamainssupply，buthotwatercamefromattictanksandwasnotconsideredsuitableforconsumption.Sotheywerekeptapart.Millionsofpeopledrinkteaworldwide，buttheoddBritsputmilkintheirs.Why?Thismysteriouspracticerelatestothequalityofchinacupusedinthe18thcenturywhenteawasfirstimposed.ForthemajorityofBrits，thecupsavailablecouldn’tstandtheheatoftheboilingwaterandwouldbreak，somilkwasaddedfirst.19.Andthispracticaltweaksoonbecameanationalhabit.20.Asyoucansee，theseoddBritshaveperfectlyclearreasonsforleft-handdriving，two-tapsinksandteawithmilk.Eveniftheystillseemstrange，atleastnowyou’reintheknow.

A．ThismakesitdifficulttoimproveB．ThereisamethodtothemadnessC．ThisunusualbehaviormakessenseD．YoucanknowtheoriginsofthepracticesE．EithercanmakewashingveryuncomfortableF．ThiscooledthecupenoughtoresisttheboilingwaterG．HerearethereasonsforthreeofBritain’smorepuzzlingpractices二、完形填空(★★★)InMarch2020,whenIstoodaloneinthemiddleofthemainroadtotheLakeDistrict，itfeltliketheendoftheworld.Asalocal_______,I’vegrownusedtotheheavytraffic.Butsuddenly,everything_______.Thelockdown(因疫情封鎖)broughtquietnesstothearea,andIdidfeelasenseofrelief(放松)tobedonewiththe_______forawhile.JustoffthemainroadisMatterdale,whereI_______withmyfamily.Weownafarmandourwork_______tendingfarmanimals.Likemanywholiveintouristattractions,wehavebeen_______bysomevisitors.Myfarmingwouldhavebeensignificantly_______withoutpeopleparkingingateways,walkingthroughthefieldsoflambs(羊羔)withrunningpetdogs_______them,orgivinguptheirtentsalongtheriver._______mycomplaints(抱怨),however,Iwouldneverrefusevisitors’presence.Idounderstandtheirneedfor________aftermonthsofbusycitylife.Infact,IthinkI________themtoo.Ofcourse,communitieslikeoursrelyontheincomethat________creates.Buttome,thereissomethingmorepersonal.Ioncetookmykidstothelake.Neartheshore,wesawboysandgirlsplayingtogether.Ayoungdadwas________hiskid’shandasshetiptoedthroughtheshallows(淺水處).Anelderlycoupleweresittingintheshade,________theview.IfoundmyselfcontentknowingthatIwas________thislandscape(景色)withothers.Aslockdownrestrictions(限制)have________andvisitorsstartedtocomeback,Iwonderhowwecancoexist________.Forthosewhoarereadingthis,Ihopethatmywordscanencourageyouto________thecommunitiesyouvisit,andunderstandtheresponsibilitiesthatcomewith________thoseplaces.Ourlovecancoexist,evenifitsometimesmakeslifealittle________.21.A．farmerB．editorC．designerD．tourist22.A．disappearedB．recoveredC．changedD．survived23.A．debateB．noiseC．challengeD．contact24.A．exploreB．hikeC．registerD．live25.A．turnstoB．leadstoC．focusesonD．giveswayto26.A．destroyedB．a(chǎn)nnoyedC．injuredD．frightened27.A．narrowerB．harderC．cheaperD．easier28.A．scaringB．huntingC．strikingD．lecturing29.A．DuetoB．DespiteC．OtherthanD．Withregardto30.A．rescueB．restC．sweatD．shelter31.A．needB．recommendC．preferD．a(chǎn)ffect32.A．heritageB．speciesC．tourismD．nature33.A．a(chǎn)ppreciatingB．tappingC．shakingD．holding34.A．describingB．expectingC．comparingD．a(chǎn)dmiring35.A．improvingB．sharingC．identifyingD．reserving36.A．relaxedB．a(chǎn)dvancedC．floodedD．revived37.A．happilyB．creativelyC．historicallyD．legally38.A．threatenB．a(chǎn)larmC．respectD．forgive39.A．establishingB．damagingC．visitingD．a(chǎn)rranging40.A．formalB．positiveC．disastrousD．crowded三、語法填空(★★★)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。August3rdisWatermelonDay,anannualholidaythatcelebrateseveryone’sfavoritesummerfruit.41(make)ofalmost92%water,thefruitisfullofvitaminAandvitaminCandantioxidants(抗氧化劑).Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?Getyourselfafewslicesofwatermelon42(celebrate)thisdeliciousholiday.Watermelonisanancientfoodthat43(believe)tohaveoriginatedinAfrica.Historianshavefoundevidenceofwatermelonplantingasfarbackas4,000yearsago.Today,44(variety)ofthefruitaregrowninwarmpartsoftheworld.Becauseof45(it)highwatercontent,watermelonisakindofthirst-quenching(解渴的)fruit.Infact,intheKalahariDesert,46watermeloniscalled“tsamma”,itisoneofthemainsourcesofwaterduringthedry,hotseason.Inthepast,peopl