第57頁（共57頁）2021-2025年高考英語真題知識點(diǎn)分類匯編之閱讀理解：人與自我一．閱讀理解（共14小題）1．（2025?浙江）WhenIwasachildIwasoftentoldwhatnottoeat."Youdon'twanttogetfat"wasonconstantrepeatthroughoutmychildhood.Itreallymessedupmyrelationshipwithfood—somethingthattookmeyearstoovercome.Becauseofthis，I'mcarefulnottoconnectwhatmykidsweighwiththeirworthaspeople.Iencouragemydaughtertomakehealthysnackchoicesandoftendissuade（勸阻）herfromaseconddessert.ButonedaywhenIheardhersaying"IthinkI'mtoofat，"myheartsank.Itmademewonderifgivingheradviceonsnackswashavinganunintentionallynegativeimpact.AccordingtoCharlotteMarkey，aprofessorofpsychology，foodisoneoftheraresubjectswhere，asparents，sayinglessismore."Therearesomanythingsinparentingthataregoodtotalkthrough，butI'mnotconvincedthatfoodisoneofthem，"shesays."Itjustcreatessomeworriesandinsecuritiesinkidsthataren'tnecessarilyhealthy."Instead，sherecommendsapplyingawell﹣knownconceptamongnutritionexpertscalledthe"DivisionofResponsibility，"whereparentsprovideavarietyofmostlyhealthyfoodstotheirkidsatfixedtimes，andthekidsthemselvesdecidewhatandhowmuchtheywanttoconsume—evenifthatmeansoccasionallyeatingmorecookiesthancarrots.Allowingkidstoeatwhattheywantalsoexposesthemtothenaturalconsequencesoftheirdecisions."Whenyourchildsays，'Mystomachhurts，'youcansay，'Wellyouhadalotofsugaryfoodsandyoumightfeelbetterifyoumadesomeotherchoices，'"saysMarkey."Letthemfeelliketheyhavesomecontroloverit."I'vebeentryingoutthesestrategiesandI'vefoundthatwhenI'mlessrestrictive，theydomakebetterdecisions."Feedingisalonggame，"saysMarkey."Thefoodyouhaveavailablemakesahugedifference.Eveniftheydon'teatit，they'reseeingit.Andthenallofasuddenitclicks."（1）Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthorfromthefirstparagraph？A.Sheisupsetbyherkids'weight.B.Sheiscriticalofthewayshewasfed.C.Sheisinterestedinmakingfood.D.Sheisparticularaboutwhatsheeats.（2）WhichofthefollowingwouldMarkeydisapproveof？A.Allowingkidstoeatcookiesoccasionally.B.Offeringvariousfoodstokidsatfixedtimes.C.Explainingtokidstherisksoftakingsnacks.D.Talkingwithkidsaboutschoolatmealtimes.（3）Whatshouldkidsdoaccordingtothe"DivisionofResponsibility"？A.Makedietdecisionsontheirown.B.Sharetheirfoodwithotherkids.C.Eatupwhatisprovidedforthem.D.Helptheirparentsdothedishes.（4）Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthestrategiesshehasbeenfollowing？A.Costly.B.Complex.C.Workable.D.Contradictory.2．（2025?北京）Thecallto"knowyourself"hasbeentheresinceancienttimes，butoursenseofselfdoesn'talwaysmatchwhatothersperceive.Consideringthestorieswetellaboutourselvescanhelpustochangeourmindsforbetter.Formanyyears，psychologistssawidentityasacombinationofsomeone'svalues，beliefs，goalsandsocialroles.Then，inthe1980s，BobJohnsoncreatedthelifestorymodelofidentity，inwhichheproposesthat，aswegothroughlife，thesecorefeaturesarebuiltinwithourmemoriestocreateapersonalstorythroughwhichweunderstandourlives.Ourlifestoryissomethingthatstartscomingtogetherinourteenageyears，whenwebegintoorganiseourlivesintochaptersaroundkeyeventsorlifechanges，andbegintoseeourselvesasboththecentralcharacterand，toavaryingextent，thestory'sauthor.Peoplewithmoreconsistentstoriestendtohaveastrongersenseofidentity，andtheyfeeltheirlifehasmoremeaning，directionandsenseofpurpose.Suchpeopleshowgreateroveralllifesatisfaction，too.Johnsonhasalsoinvestigatedthelinkbetweenwell﹣beingandcertainstorythemes.Hediscoveredthatwhethersomeonedescribeshavinghadsomecontrolovereventsintheirpastisanimportantpredictorofaperson'smentalhealth.Anotherkeythemeinvolvesfindingsomekindofpositivemeaningafterstressfulevents."Peoplecouldtalkaboutgainingknowledgeorpersonalgrowth，"saysJohnson.Hisresearchshowsthatthisisoftenmissingforpeoplewithmentalhealthconditions.Thegoodnewsisthatthereisevidencewecanlearntochangeourownstory.LisaGreen，anotherresearcher，soundsafewnotesofcaution（謹(jǐn)慎）.Forinstance，hearingaboutthepowerofredemptive（拯救性的）stories，manypeoplemayfeelforcedtofindapositiveangleonhorribleevents.ShesaysthatWesternculturealreadypushespeopletolookforthesilverliningbehindeverycloud.Ifyouwanttoturnoveranewleaf，though，onetoptipisthatithelpstochooseasignificantdatethatsignalsthestartofanew"chapter".Contrarytopopulardoubt，resolutionsmadeonIJanuaryaremoreeffectiveforthisreason.So，whetheryourgoalissavingmoneyorgettingfit，thereisnobettertimetobecometheauthorofourowndestiny（命運(yùn)）.（1）Whatcanbeinferredaboutpersonalstories？A．Theyareunrelatedtohealth.B．Consistentonesleadtostress.C．Theyarerelevanttohappiness.D．Thematiconesholdbackchange.（2）Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage？A．Talkingaboutgainsfromfailureisnegative.B．NewYearresolutionsarewellreceived.C．TheWesttendstoovervalueoptimism.D．Socialrolesfailtobehighlighted.（3）Whatdoestheauthormainlydointhispassage？A．Clarifyagoal.B．Analyseanevent.C．Makeacomparison.D．Illustrateanapproach.（4）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？A．Howself﹣identityworks.B．Howstory﹣tellersaremade.C．Howpersonalstoriesraisedoubts.D．Howtimingaffectspersonalidentity.3．（2025?北京）ThroughoutourJunioryear，myclassmatesandIhavebeenworriedaboutwhatcollegeswillseewhentheylookatourwholelifestoryreducedtoasingle200﹣wordessay.Willthegoldenword"success"formintheirmindswhentheyreviewourachievements？Orwilltheyseethebigword"fail"inred？Theshadowofthismysterious（神秘的）institutionstealsawaywhatsuccessmeanstous.Myfirststepofredefiningsuccessbeganwithcourseregistrations.Itisawell﹣knownfact，especiallyinmyschool，thatJunioryearisthetimeofpackingmanyAPclassesintotheschedule.WhenaskedwhytheychosesomanyAPclasses，myfriendsresponded："Idon'tknow."Theythemselvesdon'tknowwhytheyarefollowingthecrowdandlongingforthepressuresofacademicdifficulty.Therefore，theydonotfeelthesatisfactionofbeingacademicallychallenged.CompletingmanycoursesnolongerbringsoutthefeelingofsuccessbecausemorethanfourAPclassesperyearisanormsetbytopuniversities.Determinedtofollowmyinstincts（本能）onwhatIfeltsuccessmeans，IonlychosetwoclassesthatIknewIwouldenjoy.ThefeelingofsuccesswasnolongerattachedtowhatgradeIreceivedbuttothepurejoyoflearning.Evenmyfailuresareattachedtoafeelingofsuccess；afterItakeastepbackandlookatthebigpicture，Iseethemasalaunchingpad（平臺）formynextbigachievement.Intheninthgrade，Iwentinformyfirstgroupinterviewforaleadershippositionasashygirl.Notstandingachanceagainstcompetitiveapplicants，Icameoutoftheinterviewwithanupsetlook.Nevertheless，thisinterviewwasn'tawastedopportunity.Italkedtooneoftheseniorapplicantswhoansweredquestionsinawaythatreflectedthefaithshehadinherself.Thisyear，withanopenmindandnewknowledgeinmind，IwalkedintoanothergroupinterviewwhiletellingmyselfIwasthatcoolsenior.Imanagedtosecurealeadershipposition.Ultimately，successcamelittlebylittle.（1）ThroughouttheJunioryear，whatwastheauthor'smajorconcern？A．PressurefromchoosingAPclasses.B．Performanceingroupinterviews.C．Competitionwithseniors.D．Recognitionbycolleges.（2）TheauthorchosefewerAPclassesbecauseof.A．herownunderstandingofsuccessB．herdesireforacademicchallengesC．herstrongurgetofollowthecrowdD．herdreamofenteringatopuniversity（3）Whichwouldbestdescribetheauthor'sfirstgroupinterview？A．Dignifying.B．Rewarding.C．Engaging.D．Relaxing.（4）Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage？A．Everyoneisthemakeroftheirownsuccess.B．Successfavoursthosewithagoldenheart.C．Successknocksatyourdooronlyonce.D．Acollegeholdsthekeytosuccess.4．（2025?北京）Nottoolongago，onacoldwinternight，therewasateenagerwhowantedmorescreentimeandaparentwhosaidno.Theteenagerwasadvocatingforherrighttoscroll（翻屏）foranextra30minutes.Theparentarguedthatnoneofherfriends'parentsletthemhavescreensafter9o'clock."Ithought，inthisfamily，wedon'tcompareourselveswithotherpeople，Dad？"theteenagerreplied.Theparent—whowasme，bytheway—justgotserved.Sincetheywereyoung，Ihavetoldmykidsnottocomparethemselveswithotherpeople.Ihavearguedcountlesstimesthatcomparisonsarethe"thiefofjoy".Althoughmydaughterdidn'twin，shedidhelpexposeoneoftheworstpiecesofadviceIhaveevergiven.Inmydefence，Ididwhatwe'vealldonebefore，whichisrepeatreceivedwisdomwithoutexploringthenuances.Butnowisthetimetosettherecordstraight，whichstartswithquestioningtheideathatallsocialcomparisonisunhealthy.Socialcomparisonsdo，ofcourse，oftengetusintoemotionaltrouble.Buttheycanbeharnessed（利用）forourbettermentifweunderstandhowtheywork.Thesocialcomparisonswemake—onesthatleadustofeelgoodorbadaboutourselves—arevitaltoourabilitytothrive（成長）.Scienceprovidesaguidewecanusetoharnessthewayweperformthesecomparisonstoreducetheirnegativeemotionalimpacts.Comparingyourselfwithsomeonewhoisoutperformingyoucouldresultinfeelingsofenvyifyoufocusonthethingstheyhaveandyoudon't，oritcanbeenergizingandinspiringifyouusethesecomparisonsasasourceofmotivation，forexample，"Iftheycanachievethat，socanI."Comparingyourselfwithsomeonewhoisdoingworsethanyoucouldresultinfearandworryifyouthinkabouthowyoucouldfallintosimilarcircumstances，oritcandrawoutfeelingsofgratitudeandappreciationifyouusethatcomparisontobroadenyourviews—forexample，"Wow，thingscouldbemuchworse；I'mdoinggreat."WhatIwishItaughtmydaughterearlierarethesenuances.Howwefeelaboutourselvesrestsnotjustonwhomwecompareourselveswithbutalsoonhowwethinkaboutthatcomparison.That'ssomethingweallhavecontrolover.（1）Howdidtheauthorfeelabouthisdaughter'sargument？A．Excited.B．Inspired.C．Energized.D．Relieved.（2）Whatdoestheword"nuances"underlinedinParagraph2mostprobablymean？A．Majorachievements.B．Complexfeelings.C．Significantimpacts.D．Finedifferences.（3）Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage？A．ComparingOurselveswithOthersCanBecomeaHealthyHabitB．ComparingOurselveswithOthersCanStrengthenFamilyTiesC．SocialComparisonsCanGetUsintoEmotionalTroubleD．SocialComparisonsCanBeControlledbyScience5．（2023?北京）Sittinginthegardenformyfriend'sbirthday.Ifeltabuzz（振動(dòng)）inmypocket.MyheartracedwhenIsawtheemailsender'sname.Theemailstartedoff："DearMrGreen，thankyouforyourinterest"and"thereviewprocesstooklongerthanexpected."Itendedwith"Wearesorrytoinformyou…"andmyvisionblurred（模糊）.Theposition﹣measuringsoilqualityintheSaharaDesertaspartofanundergraduateresearchprogramme﹣hadfeltliketheanswerIhadspentyearslookingfor.Ihadputsomuchtimeandemotionalenergyintoapplying，andIthoughttherejectionmeanttheendoftheroadformysciencecareer.SoIwasshockedwhen，notlongaftertheemail，ProfessorMaryDevon，whowasrunningtheprogramme，invitedmetoobservetheworkbeingdoneinherlab.Ijumpedatthechance，andafewweekslaterIwasequallyshocked﹣andoverjoyed﹣whensheinvitedmetotalkwithheraboutpotentialprojectsIcouldpursueinherlab.Whatsheproposeddidn'tseemasexcitingastheoriginalprojectIhadappliedto，butIwasgoingtogiveitmyall.Ifoundmyselfworkingwitharoboticsprofessorontechniquesforcollectingdatafromthedesertremotely.Thatproject，whichIcouldcompletefrommysofainsteadofintheburningheatofthedesert，notonlysurvivedthelockdownbutworkedwheretraditionalmethodsdidn't.Intheend.Ihadanewscientificinteresttopursue.WhenIappliedtograduateschool，Ifoundthreeprogrammespromisingtoallowmetofollowmydesiredresearchdirection.AndIappliedwiththesameanxiousexcitementasbefore.WhenIwasrejectedfromonethathadseemedlikeaperfectfit，itwasundoubtedlydifficult.ButthistimeIhadtheperspective（視角）tokeepitfromsendingmeintopanic.IthelpedthatintheendIwasacceptedintooneoftheotherprogrammesIwasalsoexcitedabout.Ratherthansettingplansinstone，I'velearnedthatsometimesIneedtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffered，eveniftheydon'tsoundperfectatthetime，andmakethemostofthem.（1）Howdidtheauthorfeeluponseeingtheemailsender'sname？A．Anxious.B．Angry.C．Surprised.D．Settled.（2）AftertalkingwithProfessorDevon，theauthordecidedto.A．criticisethereviewprocessB．staylongerintheSaharaDesertC．a(chǎn)pplytotheoriginalprojectagainD．puthisheartandsoulintothelabwork（3）Accordingtotheauthor，theprojectwiththeroboticsprofessorwas.A．demandingB．inspiringC．misleadingD．a(chǎn)musing（4）Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage？A．Aninvitationisareputation.B．Aninnovationisaresolution.C．Arejectioncanbearedirection.D．Areflectioncanbearestriction.6．（2023?甲卷）?TerriBoltonisadabhandwhenitcomestoDIY（do﹣it﹣yourself）.Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture，sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.?ShecreditstheseskillstoherlategrandfatherandbuilderDerekLloyd.Fromtheageofsix，Terri，now26，accompaniedDerektoworkduringherschoolholidays.Aday'sworkwasrewardedwith￡5inpocketmoney.Shesays："I'msureIwasn'tmuchofahelptostartwith，paintingtheroomsandputtingdowntheflooringthroughoutthehouse.Ittookweeksanditwasbackbreakingwork，butIknowhewasproudofmyskills."?Terri，whonowrentsahousewithfriendsinWandsworth，SouthWestLondon，saysDIYalsosavesherfromlosinganydepositwhenatenancy（租期）comestoanend.Sheadds："I'vemovedhousemanytimesandIalwaysliketopersonalizemyroomandputuppictures.So，it'sbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepaintaroomtoavoidanychargeswhenI'vemovedout."?WithmillionsofpeoplelikelytotakeonDIYprojectsoverthecomingweeks，newresearchshowsthatmorethanhalfofpeopleareplanningtomakethemostofthelong，warmsummerdaystogetjobsdone.Theaveragespendperprojectwillbearound￡823.Twothirdsofpeopleaimtoimprovetheircomfortwhileathome.Twofifthwishtoincreasethevalueoftheirhouse.ThoughDIYhastraditionallybeenseenasmalehobby，theresearchshowsitiswomennowleadingthecharge.（1）Whichisclosestinmeaningto"adabhand"inparagraph1？A．Anartist.B．Awinner.C．Aspecialist.D．Apioneer.（2）WhydidTerri'sgrandfathergiveher￡5aday？A．Forabirthdaygift.B．Asatreatforherwork.C．TosupportherDIYprojects.D．Toencouragehertotakeupahobby.（3）HowdidTerriavoidlosingthedepositonthehousesherented？A．Bymakingitlooklikebefore.B．Byfurnishingitherself.C．Bysplittingtherentwitharoommate.D．Bycancelingtherentalagreement.（4）WhattrendinDIYdoestheresearchshow？A．Itisbecomingmorecostly.B．Itisgettingmoretime﹣consuming.C．Itisturningintoaseasonalindustry.D．Itisgainingpopularityamongfemales.7．（2022?北京）MynameisAlice.Earlylastyear，Iwastroubledbyananxietythatcrippled（削弱）myabilitytodoanything.Ifeltlikeastormcloudhungoverme.ForalmostayearIstruggledon，constantlystaringatthiswallthatfacedme.Myperfectionisttendencieswerethemainrootofthis：IwantedtobeperfectatwhateverIdid，whichobviouslyinlifeisnotpossible，butitconsumedme.Oneday，IattendedapresentationbywildlifeconservationistGrantBrownatmyhighschool.Hispresentationnotonlyawedandinspiredme，butalsohelpedemergeaninnerdesiretomakeadifferenceintheworld.Ijoinedapre﹣presentationdinnerwithhimandthatsmallersettingallowedmetoslowlybuildupmycouragetospeakone﹣on﹣onewithhim—anideathathadseemedcompletelyimpossible.Thisfirstcontactwaswheremystorybegan.Amonthlater，BrowninvitedmetoattendtheWorldYouthWildlifeConference.Lookingback，Inowseethatthiswouldbethefirstinaseriesoftimelyopportunitiesthatmyoldselfwouldhaveletpass，butthatthisnewandmoreconfidentAliceenthusiasticallyseized.ShortlyafterIreceivedhisinvitation，applicationstojointheYouthforNatureandtheYouthforPlanetgroupsweresentaroundthroughmyhighschool.Idecidedtocommittocompletingtheapplications，andsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedtogrowmyconfidence.IamwritingthisjustsixmonthssincemyjourneybeganandI'verealisedthatmybiggestobstacle（障礙）thiswholetimewasmyself.Itwasthatvoiceinthebackofmyheadtellingmethatonephrasethathasstoppedsomanypeoplefromreachingtheirpotential：Ican't.Theysaygoodthingscometothosewhowait；Isay：grabeveryopportunitywitheverythingyouhaveandbeimpatient.Afterall，naturedoesnotrequireourpatience，butouraction.（1）WhatwasthemaincauseforAlice'sanxiety？A．Herinabilitytoactherage.B．Herhabitofconsumption.C．Herdesiretobeperfect.D．Herlackofinspiration.（2）HowdidGrantBrown'spresentationinfluenceAlice？A．Shedecidedtodosomethingfornature.B．Shetastedthesweetnessoffriendship.C．Shelearnedabouttheharmofdesire.D．Shebuiltuphercouragetospeakup.（3）TheactivitiesAlicejoinedinhelpedhertobecomemore.A．intelligentB．confidentC．innovativeD．critical（4）Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage？A．Practicemakesperfect.B．Patienceisacureofanxiety.C．Actionisworry'sworstenemy.D．Everythingcomestothosewhowait.8．（2022?天津）RalphEmersononcesaidthatthepurposeoflifeisnottobehappy，buttobeuseful，tobeloving，tomakesomedifferenceinheworld.Whileweappreciatesuchwordsofwisdom，werarelytrytofollowtheminourlives.Mostpeopleprefertoliveagoodlifethemselves，ignoringtheirresponsibilitiesfortheworld.Thisnarrowperceptionofagoodlifemayprovideshort﹣termbenefits，butissuretoleadtolong﹣termharmandsuffering.Agoodlifebasedoncomfortandluxurymayeventuallyleadtomorepainbe﹣causewespoilourhealthandevenourcharacter，principles，ideals，andrelationships.Whatthen，isthesecretofagoodlife？Agoodlifeisaprocess，notastateofbeing：adirection，notadestination.Wehavetoearnagoodlifebyfirstservingotherswithoutanyexpectationinreturnbecausetheirhappinessistheverysourceofourownhappiness.Moreimportantly，wemustknowourselvesinsideout.Onlywhenweexamineourselvesdeeplycanwediscoverourabilitiesandrecognizeourlimitations，andthenworkaccordinglytocreateabetterworld.Thefirstrequirementforagoodlifeishavingalovingheart.Whenwedocertainrightthingsmerelyasaduty，wefindourjobsotiresomethatwe'llsoonburnout.However，whenwedothatsamejoboutoflove，wenotonlyenjoywhatwedo，butalsodoitwithaneffortlessfeeling.However，lovealoneisinsufficienttoleadagoodlife.Lovesometimesblindsustothereality.Consequently，ourgoodintentionsmaynotleadtogoodresults.Toachievedesiredoutcome，thosewhowanttodogoodtoothersalsoneedtoequipthemselveswithaccurateworldknowledge.Falseknowledgeismoredangerousthanignorance.Ifloveistheengineofacarknowledgeisthesteeringwheel（方向盤）.Iftheenginelackspower，thecarcan'tmove；ifthedriverlosescontrolofthesteering，aroadaccidentprobablyoccurs.Onlywithloveinheartandtherightknowledgeinmindcanweleadagoodlife.Withloveandknowledge，wegoallouttocreateabetterworldbydoinggoodtoothers.Whenweseetheimpactofourgoodworkontheworldwegivemeaningtoourlifeandearnlastingjoyandhappiness.（1）Whateffectdoesthenarrowperceptionofagoodlifehaveonus？A．Makingussimple﹣minded.B．Makingusshort﹣sighted.C．Leadingusontoabusyroad.D．Keepingusfromcomfortandluxury.（2）Accordingtotheauthor，howcanonegaintruehappiness？A．Throughmaintaininggoodhealth.B．Bygoingthroughpainandsuffering.C．Byrecognizingone'sabilitiesandlimitations.D．Throughofferinghelpmuchneededbyothers.（3）AccordingtoParagraph4，doingcertainrightthingswithalovingheartmakesone.A．lessselfishB．lessannoyingC．moremotivatedD．moreresponsible（4）Inwhatcasemaygoodintentionsfailtoleadtodesiredresults？A．Whenwehavewrongknowledgeoftheworld.B．Whenourlovefortheworldisinsufficient.C．Whenweareinsensitivetodangersinlife.D．Whenwestayblindtothereality.（5）AccordingtoParagraph5，lifecanbemadetrulygoodwhen.A．inspiredbyloveandguidedbyknowledgeB．directedbyloveandpushedbyknowledgeC．purifiedbyloveandenrichedbyknowledgeD．promotedbyloveanddefinedbyknowledge9．（2023?北京）Inrecentyears，researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort﹣termismisnowasignificantprobleminindustrialisedsocieties.Theinabilitytoengagewithlonger﹣termcausesandconsequencesleadstosomeoftheworld'smostseriousproblems：climatechange，biodiversitycollapse，andmore.ThehistorianFrancisColearguesthattheWesthasenteredaperiodwhere"onlythepresentexists，apresentcharacterisedatoncebythecrueltyoftheinstantandbytheboredomofanunendingnow".Ithasbeenprovedthatpeoplehaveabias（偏向）towardsthepresent，focusingonloudattractionsinthemomentattheexpenseofthehealth，well﹣beingandfinancialstabilityoftheirfutureselvesorcommunity.Inbusiness，thisbiassurfacesasshort﹣sighteddecisions.Andonslow﹣burningproblemslikeclimatechange，ittranslatesintotheunwillingnesstomakesmallsacrifices（犧牲）todaythatcouldmakeamajordifferencetomorrow.Instead，allthatmattersisnextquarter'sprofit，orsatisfyingsomeothernear﹣termdesires.Thesebiasedperspectivescannotbeblamedononesinglecause.Itisfairtosay，though，thatourpsychologicalbiasesplayamajorrole.People'shesitancytodelaysatisfactionisthemostobviousexample，butthereareothers.Oneofthemisabouthowthemostaccessibleinformationinthepresentaffectsdecisionsaboutthefuture.Forinstance，youmighthearsomeonesay："It'scoldthiswinter，soIneedn'tworryaboutglobalwarming."Anotheristhatloudandurgentmattersaregiventoomuchimportance，makingpeopleignorelonger﹣termtrendsthatarguablymattermore.Thisiswhenapopstardrawsfarmoreattentionthan，say，gradualbiodiversitydecline.Asapsychologistoncejoked，ifaliens（外星人）wantedtoweakenhumanity，theywouldn'tsendships；theywouldinventclimatechange.Indeed，whenitcomestoenvironmentaltransformations，wecandevelopaformofcollective"poormemory"，andeachnewgenerationcanbelievethestateofaffairstheyencounterisnothingoutoftheordinary.Olderpeopletoday，forexample，canrememberatimewithinsect﹣coveredcarwindscreensafterlongdrives.Children，ontheotherhand，havenoideathatinsectpopulationhasdroppeddramatically.（1）TheauthorquotesFrancisColemainlyto.A．drawacomparisonB．introduceatopicC．evaluateastatementD．highlightaproblem（2）Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph？A．Climatechangehasbeenforgotten.B．Lessonsofhistoryarehighlyvalued.C．Thehumanmindisbadatnotingslowchange.D．Humansareunwillingtoadmittheirshortcomings.（3）Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus？A．Far﹣sightedthinkingmatterstohumans.B．Humanstendtomakelong﹣termsacrifices.C．Currentpoliciesfacilitatefuturedecision﹣making.D．Biastowardsthepresenthelpsreducenear﹣termdesires.10．（2023?甲卷）?Iwasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopyofJosteinGaarder'sSophie'sWorld.Itwasfullofideasthatwerenewtome，soIspentthesummerwithmyheadinandoutofthatbook.Itspoketomeandbroughtmeintoaworldofphilosophy（哲學(xué)）.?ThatloveforphilosophylasteduntilIgottocollege.NothingkillstheloveforphilosophyfasterthanpeoplewhothinktheyunderstandFoucault，Baudrillard，orConfuciusbetterthanyou﹣andthentrytoexplainthem.?EricWeiner'sTheSocratesExpress：InSearchofLifeLessonsfromDeadPhilosophersreawakenedmyloveforphilosophy.Itisnotanexplanation，butaninvitationtothinkandexperiencephilosophy.?Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthenframeseachphilosopher'sworkinthecontext（背景）ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.TheendresultisareadinwhichwelearntowonderlikeSocrates，seelikeThoreau，listenlikeSchopenhauer，andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.This，morethanabookaboutunderstandingphilosophy，isabookaboutlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife.?Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences，andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportantphilosophersinhistory，andhebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessbydecoding（解讀）theirmessagesandaddinghisowninterpretation.?TheSocratesExpressisafun，sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire，loneliness，andaging.Theinvitationisclear：Weinerwantsyoutopickupacoffeeorteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyoutotakehisoffer.It'sworthyourtime，eveniftimeissomethingwedon'thavealotof.（1）Whoopenedthedoortophilosophyfortheauthor？A．Foucault.B．ErieWeiner.C．JosteinGaarderD．Acollegeteacher.（2）Whydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosophersinparagraph4？A．TocompareWeinerwiththem.B．Togiveexamplesofgreatworks.C．Topraisetheirwritingskills.D．TohelpreadersunderstandWeinersbook.（3）WhatdoestheauthorlikeaboutTheSocratesExpress？A．Itsviewsonhistoryarewell﹣presented.B．Itsideascanbeappliedtodailylife.C．Itincludescommentsfromreaders.D．Itleavesanopenending.（4）WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeiner'sbook？A．Objectiveandpla