2025年英語專業(yè)四級閱讀理解沖刺試卷仿真模擬題庫考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartIReadingComprehensiondirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneTheinternet,aglobalnetworkofinterconnectedcomputers,hasfundamentallytransformedthewaywecommunicate,work,andlive.Itsoriginstracebacktothe1960s,whentheUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefensedevelopedtheAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyNetwork(ARPANET)tofacilitatecommunicationbetweenresearchinstitutionsandmilitarysites.Initially,ARPANETservedalimitedaudience,butitspotentialforexpansionandinteroperabilitywasrecognizedearlyon.Inthe1980s,theintroductionoftheTCP/IPprotocolstandardizeddatatransmission,pavingthewayforwideradoptionandthebirthofthemoderninternet.The1990switnessedasurgeininternetusage,drivenlargelybythedevelopmentoftheWorldWideWeb,asystemofinterlinkedhypertextdocumentsaccessibleviabrowsers.Thisinnovationmadetheinternetuser-friendlyandaccessibletothegeneralpublic,leadingtoanexplosioninonlineactivity.Today,theinternetconnectsbillionsofdevicesworldwide,facilitatingeverythingfrominstantmessagingandvideocallstoonlinecommerceandstreamingservices.Itsimpactonsocietyisimmeasurable,reshapingindustries,empoweringindividuals,andfosteringglobalconnectivityonanunprecedentedscale.However,theinternet'sgrowthhasalsobroughtchallenges,includingconcernsaboutprivacy,security,andthedigitaldividebetweenthosewithaccesstotechnologyandthosewithout.Questions:1.WhatwastheprimarypurposeofthedevelopmentofARPANETinthe1960s?2.HowdidtheintroductionoftheTCP/IPprotocolcontributetotheexpansionoftheinternet?3.WhatinnovationmadetheWorldWideWebaccessibletothegeneralpublic?4.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeofthechallengesassociatedwiththeinternet'sgrowth?PassageTwoClimatechange,thelong-termalterationoftemperatureandweatherpatternsinEarth'satmosphere,posesasignificantthreattotheplanet'secosystemsandhumansocieties.Itisprimarilydrivenbytheincreasedconcentrationofgreenhousegases,suchascarbondioxide(CO2),methane(CH4),andnitrousoxide(N2O),intheatmosphere.Thesegasestrapheatfromthesun,leadingtoaphenomenonknownasthegreenhouseeffect.WhilethegreenhouseeffectisanaturalprocessessentialformaintainingEarth'stemperature,humanactivities,particularlytheburningoffossilfuelslikecoal,oil,andnaturalgas,havesignificantlyincreasedthelevelsofthesegases,exacerbatingtheproblem.Deforestationandotherland-usechangesalsocontributetoclimatechangebyreducingthenumberoftreesthatcanabsorbCO2fromtheatmosphere.Theconsequencesofclimatechangearefar-reachingandsevere.Risingglobaltemperaturesleadtomeltingicecapsandglaciers,sea-levelrise,andmorefrequentandintenseextremeweathereventslikehurricanes,droughts,andfloods.Thesechangeshaveprofoundimpactsonbiodiversity,agriculture,waterresources,andhumanhealth.Addressingclimatechangerequiresaconcertedglobalefforttoreducegreenhousegasemissions,transitiontorenewableenergysources,andimplementsustainableland-usepractices.Individuals,communities,andgovernmentsallhavearoletoplayinmitigatingtheeffectsofclimatechangeandbuildingamoresustainablefuture.Questions:5.Whatistheprimarycauseofclimatechangeaccordingtothepassage?6.Howdohumanactivitiescontributetotheincreasedconcentrationofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere?7.Whataresomeoftheconsequencesofrisingglobaltemperaturesduetoclimatechange?8.Whatactionsarenecessarytoaddressthechallengeofclimatechange?PassageThreeTheconceptofculturalheritageencompassesthetangibleandintangibleaspectsofasociety'shistory,traditions,andartisticexpressions.Tangibleheritageincludesphysicalobjectssuchashistoricalbuildings,monuments,artifacts,andnaturalsites,whileintangibleheritageencompassespractices,beliefs,rituals,music,dance,andoraltraditions.Culturalheritageisavitalsourceofidentityandcontinuityforcommunities,providingasenseofbelongingandconnectiontothepast.Italsoplaysacrucialroleinfosteringcross-culturalunderstandingandappreciation.However,culturalheritageisnotstatic;itisconstantlyevolvingandshapedbysocial,economic,andpoliticalfactors.Thepreservationofculturalheritagefacesnumerouschallenges,includingnaturaldegradation,environmentaldamage,andhumanactivitieslikeconflict,neglect,andlooting.Climatechangealsoposesasignificantthreat,withrisingsealevelsandextremeweathereventsendangeringmanyheritagesites.Inrecognitionofitsimportance,internationalbodieslikeUNESCOhavedevelopedframeworkstoprotectculturalheritage.TheUNESCOConventionfortheProtectionoftheWorldCulturalandNaturalHeritage,adoptedin1972,aimstoidentifyandprotectsitesofoutstandinguniversalvalue.Effortstopreserveculturalheritagerequireacollaborativeapproachinvolvinggovernments,organizations,communities,andindividuals.Conservationstrategiesmustbalancetheneedforpreservationwiththedemandsofdevelopmentandtourism,ensuringthatculturalheritageispassedontofuturegenerationsinasustainablemanner.Questions:9.Whatarethetwomaincategoriesofculturalheritagementionedinthepassage?10.Howdoesculturalheritagecontributetoasociety'sidentity?11.Whataresomeofthechallengesfacedinpreservingculturalheritage?12.WhatisthepurposeoftheUNESCOConventionfortheProtectionoftheWorldCulturalandNaturalHeritage?PassageFourTherapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hasraisedsignificantethicalconcernsthatneedtobecarefullyconsideredandaddressed.AItechnologies,suchasmachinelearningandneuralnetworks,arecapableofperformingtasksthatpreviouslyrequiredhumanintelligence,includingimagerecognition,languageprocessing,anddecision-making.WhileAIhasthepotentialtobringnumerousbenefits,suchasincreasedefficiency,improvedhealthcare,andenhancedproductivity,italsoposesrisksrelatedtoprivacy,bias,andjobdisplacement.OnemajorconcernisthepotentialmisuseofAItechnology,particularlyinareaslikesurveillance,militaryapplications,andautonomousweapons.Thedevelopmentofautonomousweaponssystems,forexample,raisesethicalquestionsabouttheaccountabilityfordecisionsmadebymachinesandthepotentialforunintendedconsequences.AnotherconcernistheissueofbiasinAIalgorithms.AIsystemsaretrainedondata,andifthisdataisbiased,theAIsystemwilllearnandperpetuatethesebiases.Thiscanleadtodiscriminatoryoutcomesinareaslikehiring,lending,andcriminaljustice.Additionally,theriseofAIcouldleadtojobdisplacement,asmachinestakeovertaskspreviouslyperformedbyhumans.WhilesomearguethatAIwillcreatenewjobs,thetransitioncouldbedifficultformanyworkers,particularlythoseinlow-skilledindustries.Addressingtheseethicalconcernsrequiresamulti-facetedapproachinvolvingresearchers,developers,policymakers,andthepublic.ItiscrucialtodevelopAIsystemsthataretransparent,accountable,andalignedwithhumanvalues.EthicalguidelinesandregulationsareneededtoensurethatAIisdevelopedandusedinaresponsibleandbeneficialmanner.Questions:13.WhataresomeofthepotentialbenefitsofAItechnologymentionedinthepassage?14.WhataresomeoftheethicalconcernsrelatedtothedevelopmentanduseofAI?15.HowcanbiasinAIalgorithmsbeaddressed?16.WhatstepsarenecessarytoensurethatAIisdevelopedandusedinanethicalmanner?試卷答案PartIReadingComprehensionPassageOne1.A2.C3.B4.DPassageTwo5.B6.A7.C8.DPassageThree9.A10.B11.D12.CPassageFour13.A14.C15.B16.D解析思路PassageOne1.A解析思路：文章第一段提到，ARPANET是在20世紀60年代由美國國防部開發(fā)的，目的是促進研究機構和國防站點之間的通信。因此，A選項“促進研究機構和國防站點之間的通信”是正確答案。2.C解析思路：文章第二段提到，TCP/IP協(xié)議的引入標準化了數(shù)據傳輸，為更廣泛的采用和現(xiàn)代互聯(lián)網的誕生鋪平了道路。因此，C選項“標準化數(shù)據傳輸，為更廣泛的采用奠定了基礎”是正確答案。3.B解析思路：文章第三段提到，萬維網（WorldWideWeb）的引入使互聯(lián)網對公眾變得用戶友好和可訪問，導致了在線活動的激增。因此，B選項“萬維網的引入”是正確答案。4.D解析思路：文章最后一段提到，互聯(lián)網的增長也帶來了挑戰(zhàn)，包括隱私、安全和數(shù)字鴻溝等問題。因此，D選項“隱私、安全和數(shù)字鴻溝等問題”是正確答案。PassageTwo5.B解析思路：文章第二段提到，氣候變化的根本原因是溫室氣體（如二氧化碳、甲烷和氧化亞氮）在大氣中的濃度增加。因此，B選項“溫室氣體在大氣中的濃度增加”是正確答案。6.A解析思路：文章第二段提到，人類活動，特別是燃燒化石燃料（如煤、石油和天然氣），顯著增加了大氣中溫室氣體的水平。因此，A選項“燃燒化石燃料”是正確答案。7.C解析思路：文章第三段提到，全球氣溫上升導致冰帽和冰川融化、海平面上升以及更頻繁和更強