中考專(zhuān)練之閱讀理解篇一、閱讀理解（共5小題，滿分10分）閱讀短文，根據(jù)要求完成1-5小題。Moreandmorepeoplelikebicyclinganditisnosurprise.It’sfun,healthyandgoodfortheenvironment.Maybethat’swhytherearemoreandmorebicyclesonroadsworldwidetoday.Bikescantakeyoualmostanywhere,andthereisnooilcost!However,twocenturiesago,whenbicycleswerefirstinvented,theywereusedonlyfortransportation.Intheeighteenthcentury,peopleusuallytraveledbyhorseandwagon(馬車(chē)).In1817,anearly“bicycle”wasmadeinGermany.Itsframe(車(chē)架)wasmadeofwood.Itdidn’thaveanypedals(踏板).Peoplehadtopushwiththeirfeet.Inthe1830s,thefirstbicyclewasinvented.Pedalsweremadeforthebicycle.Inthe1860,FrenchmanPierreMiehauxandhissongavethebicycleanewlook.In1867,theybroughtthebicycletotheworldExpo(世博會(huì)).Sincethen,thebicyclewasmoreandmorepopularinEurope.Inthe1870s,thefrontwheelwasmuchlargerthanthebackone.Thismadeitveryhardtoride.Itwasalsoveryexpensive.Inthe1890s,bicycleswithsame—sizedwheelscameoutinNorthAmericaandWesternEurope.Theyweremuchsafer,cheaperandmorecomfortable.InChinatherearesharedbikesontheroads.Theyhavesavedusalotoftimeduringemergencysituations,andonbeautiful,cleardays.However,bicyclingisnoteasyinourcity.Therearenobicyclelanes(車(chē)道),andbikershavetotravelnexttocarsincarlanes.1．Fromthepassage,weknowthatbicyclingisbecomingmoreandmore________.A．surprisingB．popularC．excitingD．Boring2．Whenyouareridingyourbicyclearound,youmay________.A．enjoysomebeautifultimeB．pollutetheenvironmentaroundC．goeverywhereandusealittleoilD．A,BandC3．Howdidpeopleusuallytravelintheeighteenthcentury?A．Onfoot.B．Bybicycle.C．Byhorseandwagon.D．Bybus4．Whendidthebicyclebecomesafer,cheaperandmorecomfortable?A．Inthe1830s.B．Inthe1870s.C．Inthe1890s.D．Inthe1810s.5．Fromthepassagewecanknowthat________.A．peopleinEuropeusemorebicyclesB．thebikesinChinatodayareextremelysimpleC．it’sdifficulttorideabikeinourcitywithoutbicyclelanesD．InChinatherearen’tsharedbikesontheroads參考答案：1．B2．A3．C4．C5．C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了自行車(chē)備受人們青睞的原因，以及騎自行車(chē)對(duì)我們有哪些益處。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Maybethat’swhytherearemoreandmorebicyclesonroadsworldwidetoday.”可知，越來(lái)越多的自行車(chē)出現(xiàn)在路上，所以自行車(chē)越來(lái)越受歡迎。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Bikescantakeyoualmostanywhere,andthereisnooilcost!”可知，騎自行車(chē)可以去任何地方，并且不需要油。故選A。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Intheeighteenthcentury,peopleusuallytraveledbyhorseandwagon.”可知，18世紀(jì)，人們都乘馬車(chē)去旅行。故選C。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Inthe1890s…Theyweremuchsafer,cheaperandmorecomfortable.”可知，在19世紀(jì)90年代，自行車(chē)變得更安全、便宜、舒適。故選C。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However,bicyclingisnoteasyinourcity.Therearenobicyclelanes,andbikershavetotravelnexttocarsincarlanes.”可知，在我們城市里沒(méi)有自行車(chē)道，騎自行車(chē)是很難的。故選C。二、閱讀理解（共5小題，滿分10分）閱讀短文，根據(jù)要求完成1-5小題。Itisaconvenientkindoftransportation.Itisalsogreatexercise.Anditmakesahealthylifestyle.Doyouknowwhatitis?Yes,wearetalkingaboutbiking.Mostofusknowthatbikingisacleanandcheapwaytogetaroundacity.Itnotonlyreducestrafficproblemsandpollution,butitisalsogoodforpeople’shealth.Inmanycountries,bike-friendlyfacilities(設(shè)施)aremakingpeople’slivesbetter.Intheworld’stopbike-friendlycity,Copenhagen,thecapitalcityofDenmark,trafficlightsinmaincrossingarealwaysgreenforbikeridersduringrushhours.Andwhenit’ssnowy,thesnowisclearedfromthebicycleroadsfirstandthencarroads.TheUShasaspecialdaytoencouragepeopletoridebikes.ItisBiketoWorkDayonMay20th.Tomakebikingeasy,thegovernmenthadbuiltover200bicycleroadsuntil2014.Now,inChina,youcanseesharedbikeseverywhere.Theyareplacedalloverthecountry.Moreandmoreyoungpeoplechoosetogotoworkbyridingsharedbikes.It’sveryconvenient,cheapandenvironmentallyfriendlyandlikedbymanypeople.1．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Trafficproblems.B．Abike-friendlycity.C．Biking.2．Whereistheworld’stopbike-friendlycity?A．InDenmark.B．InAmerica.C．InChina.3．Toprovideconvenienceforbikeriders,whatactiondoesCopenhagengovernmenttake?A．Cleaningthesnowonthebicycleroadsfirst.B．Namingthecitytheworld’stopbike-friendlycity.C．Keepingtrafficlightsinmaincrossinggreenallthetime.4．Whatdidn’ttheUSgovernmentdotoencouragepeopletoridebikes?A．Buildmorebicycleroads.B．Teachpeopletoridebikes.C．Create“BiketoWorkDay”.5．WhichofthestatementisTRUEaccordingthearticle?A．Bikeridingdoeshavelittlehelpforpollution.B．BikeridingisthemostpopulartransportationinChina,AmericaandDenmark.C．InChina,moreandmorepeoplelikeridingbikesbecauseit’sconvenient,cheapandenvironmentallyfriendly.參考答案：1．C2．A3．A4．B5．C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了自行車(chē)不僅是一種便利的交通工具，而且也能鍛煉身體。世界上許多國(guó)家已經(jīng)開(kāi)始為騎自行車(chē)的人提供許多便利條件。1．主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了自行車(chē)不僅是一種便利的交通工具，而且也能鍛煉身體。世界上許多國(guó)家已經(jīng)開(kāi)始為騎自行車(chē)的人提供許多便利條件。故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Intheworld’stopbike-friendlycity,Copenhagen,thecapitalcityofDenmark”可知世界頂尖自行車(chē)友好城市是丹麥的哥本哈根。故選A。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Intheworld’stopbike-friendlycity,Copenhagen,thecapitalcityofDenmark,trafficlightsinmaincrossingarealwaysgreenforbikeridersduringrushhours.Andwhenit’ssnowy,thesnowisclearedfromthebicycleroadsfirstandthencarroads.”可知為了給騎自行車(chē)的人提供便利，哥本哈根政府先清理自行車(chē)道上的積雪。故選A。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheUShasaspecialdaytoencouragepeopletoridebikes.ItisBiketoWorkDayonMay20th.Tomakebikingeasy,thegovernmenthadbuiltover200bicycleroadsuntil2014.”可知為鼓勵(lì)人們騎自行車(chē)，美國(guó)政府設(shè)立騎車(chē)上班日并建設(shè)更多自行車(chē)車(chē)道，并沒(méi)有教人們騎自行車(chē)。故選B。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Now,inChina,youcanseesharedbikeseverywhere....It’sveryconvenient,cheapandenvironmentallyfriendlyandlikedbymanypeople.”可知在中國(guó)，越來(lái)越多的人喜歡騎自行車(chē)，因?yàn)樗奖?、便宜和環(huán)保。故選C。三、閱讀理解（共5小題，滿分10分）閱讀短文，根據(jù)要求完成1-5小題。Peopleuselanguagestocommunicate.Anylanguagehasitswaystoexpresspeople’sminds.Oneofthewaysincommonistheuseofidioms(習(xí)語(yǔ)).Anidiomisagroupofwords.Ithasaspecialmeaningthatisdifferentfromtheusualmeaning.Forexample,undertheweatherisanidiommeaningill.Sowhenpeoplesay“I’mundertheweather”,theyaresayingthatthey’renotfeelingwell.Anotherexample,inallweathersmeansinallkindsofweather.So,“Therearehomelesspeoplesleepingonthestreetsinallweathers”tellsusthathomelesspeoplesleeponthestreetsnomatterwhetheritiscoldorhot.Differentlanguagesmayhavedifferentwaystomakeidioms.Forpeoplewhoarelearningaforeignlanguage,idiomscouldcausemisunderstandingandbringthemendlessheadaches.Ontheotherhand,ifthingsaredoneright,idiomscanalsobeafunwayoflookingintoanewcultureandunderstandinghowthepeoplethinkandtalk.Metaphorisoftenusedinidioms.Let’sreadthefollowingtwoexamples:?Itmakesmybloodboilwhenpeoplelitter.?Thenightwasdarkandquiet;mybloodrancoldwhenIheardastrangenoiseoutsideatdarknight.Inneithersituationabove,ourbloodcanreachthepointsohighorsolowintemperature.Yet,withthesituationsthetwosentencescreate,itisnotdifficulttoworkouttheunhappyfeelingsofreallyangryinthefirstexampleandveryafraidinthesecond.Ofcourse,notallidiomsarethiseasytounderstand.Whenwemeetidiomsofaforeignlanguage,agooddictionaryofidiomsisalwayssuggested.1．InParagraph1,thewritergivestwoexamplesundertheweatherandinallweatherstoshow____________.A．learningidiomsisfunnyB．idiomsmaybringheadachesC．unusualmeaningsofidioms2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Metaphor”meaninChinese?A．?dāng)M人B．比喻C．排比3．Ifyourbrotherbreaksyourcomputer,youcansaytohim,“___________”A．I’mundertheweather.B．I’mthereinallweathers.C．You’vemademybloodboil.4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．IdiomsareonlyusedinEnglish.B．Metaphorisalwaysusedinidioms.C．Idiomscanhelpuslookintoanewculture.5．Whatisthewriter’sadvicewhenyoumeetanexpressionlikeundertheweather?A．Wearenotsupposedtobeafraidofit.B．Weshouldlookitupinagoodidiomdictionary.C．Weareexpectedtoasktheforeignersforhelp.參考答案：1．C2．B3．C4．C5．B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文介紹了一些外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中可能會(huì)遇到的習(xí)語(yǔ)。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Ithasaspecialmeaningthatisdifferentfromtheusualmeaning.Forexample...Anotherexample...”可知在第一段中，作者給出這兩個(gè)習(xí)語(yǔ)的例子是為了說(shuō)明習(xí)語(yǔ)的特殊含義。故選C。2．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Inneithersituationabove,ourbloodcanreachthepointsohighorsolowintemperature.Yet,withthesituationsthetwosentencescreate,itisnotdifficulttoworkouttheunhappyfeelingsofreallyangryinthefirstexampleandveryafraidinthesecond.”可知洗浴中使用了比喻修辭，“Metaphor”意為“比喻”。故選B。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Itmakesmybloodboilwhenpeoplelitter.”及“itisnotdifficulttoworkouttheunhappyfeelingsofreallyangryinthefirstexample”可知makemybloodboil形容人在生氣時(shí)的不愉快情緒，所以當(dāng)你的哥哥弄壞你的電腦時(shí)，你一定是生氣的，可以用“You’vemademybloodboil.”。故選C。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ontheotherhand,ifthingsaredoneright,idiomscanalsobeafunwayoflookingintoanewcultureandunderstandinghowthepeoplethinkandtalk.”可知習(xí)語(yǔ)可以幫助我們了解一種新文化。故選C。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whenwemeetidiomsofaforeignlanguage,agooddictionaryofidiomsisalwayssuggested.”可知當(dāng)你遇到像“undertheweather”這樣的表達(dá)時(shí)，作者的建議是查一本好的成語(yǔ)詞典。故選B。四、閱讀理解（共4小題，滿分8分）閱讀短文，根據(jù)要求完成1-4小題。Animalsareourfriends.Sometimestheymaketrouble,butsometimestheycanhelpus.Andtheyhopetoliveahappylife,too.Herearetworealstoriesfromourreaders.ThefirststoryisfromRay.“Mycat,Tiger,hatesitwhenIusemyiPadbecauseittakesmyattentionawayfromhim.Oneyear,Ihadafallathomeandwasonthefloorfor16hours.Duringthistime,Iwasunabletomoveandcouldn’tgettothephonetocallforhelp.Tigerstayedbymysideuntilhedisappearedundermybed.‘What’sheupto?’Iwondered.Tomysurprise,hestartedtopushsomethingtowardsme.ItwasmyiPad,whichIdidn’trealizehadfallenoffthebedandontothefloor.Heprobablydidn’tknowwhatitwas,butheknewthatitmademehappy.ThankstoTiger,Iwasabletocommunicatewithmyfriend,Becky,whothentoldmydoctor.”ThesecondstoryisfromColin.“Yearsago,myfriendJuliussavedabird—awild‘Mom’cockatoo（鸚鵡）fromthesideoftheroadandkeptitasapetinabigcage(籠子).Itlostoneofherwings,soshewasunabletoreturntothewild.Soon,twowildcockatooscamevisitingandone‘Dad’birdwantedtofindhiswayintothecage.The‘Mom’cockatoointhecagewassoonexpecting.Butasshecouldn’tfly,‘Dad’cockatoobuiltahomeinthetree,keepingoffeveryonewhogotcloseto‘Mom’cockatoo.‘Baby’cockatoowouldspendhisdaysflyingoffwithhisdad,leavinghismombehind.Shewouldsitandwaituntiltheyreturnedhomeeachafternoon.Thefamilystayedtogetherhappily.”Afterreadingthestories,don’tyouthinkweshouldgetalongwellwithanimals?Nomattertheyareourpetsorliveinthewild,theyhavetheirfeelings.Weshouldrespecteverylifeintheworld.1．________istheownerofthecat.A．BeckyB．JuliusC．ColinD．Ray2．Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referstothe________.A．phoneB．catC．iPadD．Bed3．“Mom”cockatoodidn’treturntothewildbecause________.A．JuliuscaughtitasapetB．shewasbadlyhurtandcouldn’tflyC．shepreferredthelifeinthecageD．”Dad”cockatoobuiltahomeinthetree4．Themainideaofthepassageisthat________.A．Ray,BeckyandColinareanimalloversB．weshouldn’tuseiPadtoomuchC．friendsshouldhelpeachotherD．weshouldrespecteverylifeintheworld參考答案：1．D2．C3．B4．D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文講述了兩個(gè)有關(guān)動(dòng)物的故事，告訴我們：動(dòng)物是人類(lèi)的朋友，要和動(dòng)物和平相處，尊重每一個(gè)生命。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“ThefirststoryisfromRay.‘Mycat,Tiger,hatesitwhenIusemyiPadbecauseittakesmyattentionawayfromhim…’”可知，Ray是貓的主人。故選D。2．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中“ItwasmyiPad,whichIdidn’trealizehadfallenoffthebedandontothefloor.Heprobablydidn’tknowwhatitwas,butheknewthatitmademehappy.”可推測(cè)此處“it”指的是“平板電腦”。故選C。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Itlostoneofherwings,soshewasunabletoreturntothewild.”可知，因?yàn)槭チ艘恢怀岚?，受傷而不能飛，所以她無(wú)法回到野外。故選B。4．主旨大意題。分析全文內(nèi)容可知，本文講述了兩個(gè)有關(guān)動(dòng)物的故事，告訴我們：動(dòng)物是人類(lèi)的朋友，要和動(dòng)物和平相處，尊重每一個(gè)生命。故選D。五、閱讀理解（共4小題，滿分8分）閱讀短文，根據(jù)要求完成1-4小題。Haveyoueverheardaboutorreadabout“WHO”,shortfor“WorldHealthOrganization”,whichissettoprotectinternationalpublichealth.Theorganizationisgivenmoneymainlybyits194memberstates.Somebigcountriespaymore.TheUSisitsgreatestsupporterinmoneyandChinaisthesecondlargest.However,onApril14,USPresidentDonaldTrumpsaidhewouldendsupportingtheWHO.Hesaidit“missedthecall”,meaningthattoomanymonthshaspassedbeforeittookanyaction.HeaddedthatWHOwastoo“China-centric”ToanswerwhattheUSpresidentsaid,UNSecretaryGeneralAntonioGuterrestalkedabouttheimportanceoftheWHOduringtheCOVID-19pandemic（疫情）.HepointedoutthatthousandsofWHOworkersarefightingtheillnessonthefrontlines.Infact,theWHOleadstheworldinallareasinfightingCOVID-19.Forexample,ithassent55milliontestkits（試劑盒）to120countries.Andunderitslead,groupsofscientistsareworkingontheresearchingofvaccines（疫苗）.TheWHOalsocontinuestoletpeopleknowthenewestsituationaboutthepandemic.Mostimportantly,theWHOneverstopstocallonallthecountriestofighttogether.“Nowitisthetimeforteamwork,forallthecountriestoworkasonetostopthisvirus,”Guterressaidtotheintentionalsociety.1．Trumpused“missedthecall”tosaythat________.A．WHOdidn’tanswerthecallfromthepresidentB．thepresidentmissedacallfromWHOC．WHOneverstopstocallonallthecountriestofighttogetherD．WHOdidn’ttakeactionearlyenough2．WhichofthefollowingisdonebyWHO?a.ThousandsofWHOworkersarefightingtheillness.b.Ithassent1.5thousandtestkitstoseveralcountries.c.ScientistsledbyWHOaredoingresearchingworkonvaccines.d.Itcontinuestoletpeopleknowthenewestsituationofthepandemic.e.Ithasalreadymadepeoplefromallovertheworldworktogetherinthepandemic.A．a(chǎn)cdB．AdeC．bedD．Bde3．Inwhichpartofanewspapercanweprobablyreadthepassage?A．EducationalIdeasB．ScientificDiscoveryC．ForeignBusinessD．InternationalSociety4．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．TheinfluenceoftheUSonWHO.B．WHO’sroleinthepandemic.C．Theimportanceofworkingtogether.D．ThesupportWHOhasreceived.參考答案：1．D2．A3．D4．B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文講述特朗普宣布美國(guó)不再支持世衛(wèi)組織，原因是他認(rèn)為世衛(wèi)組織沒(méi)有及時(shí)采取行動(dòng)。事實(shí)上，世衛(wèi)組織一直致力于合作對(duì)抗新型冠狀病毒，告訴我們要共同合作，共同抗擊病毒。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Hesaidit‘missedthecall’meaningthattoomanymonthshaspassedbeforeittookanyaction”可知，特朗普這樣說(shuō)是因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為世衛(wèi)組織沒(méi)有及時(shí)采取行動(dòng)。故選D。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“HepointedoutthatthousandsofWHOworkersarefightingtheillnessonthefrontlines”，第五段“Andunderitslead,groupsofscientistsareworkingontheresearchingofvaccines”和最后一段“TheWHOalsocontinuestoletpeopleknowthenewestsituationaboutthepandemic”可知，世衛(wèi)組織的數(shù)千名工作人員正在第一線與疾病作斗爭(zhēng)，在它的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下科學(xué)家正在研究疫苗，并且世衛(wèi)組織還繼續(xù)讓人們了解疫情的最新情況。acd符合。故選A。3．推理判斷題。文章講述特朗普宣布美國(guó)不再支持世衛(wèi)組織，介紹事實(shí)上世衛(wèi)組織一直致力于合作對(duì)抗新型冠狀病毒?？赏茰y(cè)最有可能在國(guó)際社會(huì)版面讀到這篇文章。故選D。4．主旨大意題。文章主要講述世衛(wèi)組織一直致力于合作對(duì)抗新型冠狀病毒，告訴我們要共同合作，共同抗擊病毒。B項(xiàng)“世衛(wèi)組織在疫情中的作用”符合主題。故選B。六、閱讀理解（共4小題，滿分8分）閱讀短文，根據(jù)要求完成1-4小題。Tomostpeople,soilisjustdirt.Butsoilismuchmorethanthis.Therearefourmainthingsthatmakeupsoil—air,water,organicmaterialandinorganicmaterial.Soilisalsohometomanydifferentanimalsanditiswhereplantsgrow.Organicmaterialareplantandanimalmatterthathasdecayed(腐壞)andbecomeshumus.Inorganicmaterialdoesnotcomefromplantoranimalmatter.Itincludesthingssuchassand,clayandminerals(礦物質(zhì)).Allthesethingsarenecessarytomakesoil.Youcanlearnwhatsoilismadeoffromthefollowingpicture.Thereisoneotherthingthatsoilmusthave.Soilmusthavebacteria(細(xì)菌).Bacteriaaretinylivingthingsthathelptobreakdownorganicmatter.Theyturntheorganicmatterintousefulmaterialsthathelpmakethesoilrich.Besidesbacteria,soil’sbesthelpersareearthworms.Wormsmakestunnelsthathelpwaterandairgetintothesoil.Theyalsobreakuphardsoilandmixorganicmaterialandmineralsaroundinit.Animalssuchasbeetlesandsnailsmayliveinthesoil,too,Differentareashavesoilindifferentcolors.Thecolorofsoildependsonthreethings:Theamountofironinit;theamountofhumus;and