20242025學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)單元閱讀提升（通用版）主題04人與自然：災(zāi)害預(yù)防主題語(yǔ)境解讀在高中英語(yǔ)閱讀中，災(zāi)害預(yù)防是一個(gè)常見且重要的話題。這類文章通常涉及自然災(zāi)害、人為災(zāi)害以及相應(yīng)的預(yù)防措施和應(yīng)對(duì)策略。通過學(xué)習(xí)和分析高中英語(yǔ)閱讀中的災(zāi)害預(yù)防話題，學(xué)生可以增強(qiáng)對(duì)災(zāi)害的認(rèn)識(shí)和了解，提高災(zāi)害預(yù)防意識(shí)和應(yīng)對(duì)能力。同時(shí)，學(xué)生還可以掌握一些常見的詞匯和短語(yǔ)，提高英語(yǔ)閱讀能力和語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。相關(guān)詞句積累閱讀中常見詞匯舉例1.naturaldisaster自然災(zāi)害2.preventionofdisaster防災(zāi)3.reductionofdisaster減災(zāi)4.geologicaldisaster地質(zhì)災(zāi)害5.environment環(huán)境6.land土地7.resource資源8.history歷史9.status現(xiàn)狀10.waterandsoil水土11.washingaway流失12.floodwater洪水13.breakingout爆發(fā)14.mountaincoast山體滑坡15.vegetation植被16.soilfertility土壤肥力17.climate氣候18.EINinophenomenon厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象19.marsh濕地沼澤20.droughtdisaster旱災(zāi)21.waterlog澇災(zāi)22.hail冰雹23.frost霜凍24.gale大風(fēng)25.coldwave寒潮26.plantdiseasesandinsectpests病蟲害27.earthquake地震28.plague瘟疫29.firedisaster火災(zāi)30.heavysnowdisaster大雪災(zāi)31.lightningstrike雷擊32.ecology生態(tài)33.balance平衡34.originalfrost初霜35.endfrost終霜36.springfrost春霜37.winterfrost冬霜38.geologicaldisaster地質(zhì)災(zāi)39.heavyfog大霧40.animaldisaster獸害災(zāi)41.lawofdroughtdisaster旱災(zāi)規(guī)律42.lawofwaterlogdisaster澇災(zāi)規(guī)律43.changetendency變化趨勢(shì)44.changelaw變化規(guī)律45.territorialdisaster區(qū)域性災(zāi)害46.globedisaster全球性災(zāi)害47.environment環(huán)境48.protection保護(hù)49.surfacewater地表水50.groundwater地下水51.pollution污染52.tropicrainforest熱帶雨林53.typhoon臺(tái)風(fēng)54.cyclone颶風(fēng)55.tornado龍卷風(fēng)56.crypt地穴;57.landform地形58.physiognomy地貌59.geogeny地球成因?qū)W60.landsurface地面61.doingdown下沉62.waterresource水資源63.seriouspinch嚴(yán)重匱乏64.grasshopperdisaster蝗蟲災(zāi)65.heavydrought大旱66.heavywaterlog大澇67.famine饑荒68.visitationofProvidence天災(zāi)69.manmadedisaster人禍70.surfaceofsea海平面71.movingup上升72.mankind人類73.facing面臨74.breathe生存;75.challenge挑戰(zhàn)76.volcano火山77.crater火山口78.eruption火山灰79.seadisaster海洋災(zāi)害80.stormtide風(fēng)暴潮81.groundsea海嘯82.redtide赤潮83.biologicdisaster生物災(zāi)害84.insectpest蟲害85.ratpest鼠害86.greenhousegas溫室氣體87.greenhouseeffect溫室效應(yīng)88.heavyfirefromforest森林大火89.forestation森林管理90.deforestation森林開發(fā)91.silvics森林生態(tài)學(xué)92.disaster災(zāi)害93.measure措施94.strategy策略95.preventionandcontrol防治96.countermeasureofreducingdisaster減災(zāi)對(duì)策97.countermeasureofpreventingdisaster防災(zāi)對(duì)策98.riskanalysisofnaturaldisaster自然災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析99.riskassessmentofnaturaldisaster自然災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)100.factorofleadingtodisaster致災(zāi)因子時(shí)文拓展閱讀Naturaldisastersareextremesuddeneventscausedbyenvironmentalfactorsthatinjurepeopleanddamageproperty.Examplesofnaturaldisastersincludewildtornadoes,whiteoutblizzards,ragingwildfires,andpowerfulhurricanes.TheseeventscanstrikeanywhereonEarth,oftenwithoutwarning.Inordertocopewithnaturaldisasters,it'sessentialtotakeproactivemeasurestoprepareandminimizetheimpacttheycanhaveonourlives.Firstandforemost,it'scrucialtocreateemergencyresponseplansforourfamilies,munities,andorganizations.Thisincludesdesignatingsafespacesandestablishingevacuationroutes.Strengtheningearlywarningsystemsisalsovital.Thesesystemscanhelpalertpeopletotheimminentdangerofanaturaldisaster,allowingthemtotakenecessaryprecautions.Additionally,conductingdisasterpreventiontrainingandlearningemergencyskillscanhelpindividualsandmunitiesbetterrespondtoemergencies.Anotherimportantaspectisensuringclearmunication.Duringadisaster,accurateandtimelyinformationcansavelives.Therefore,it'scrucialtohaveaplanformaintainingmunicationbetweenfamilymembers,neighbors,andemergencyresponders.Buildingsafetyisanothercriticalfactortoconsider.Ensuringthatbuildings,especiallyhomesandschools,arebuilttowithstandnaturaldisasterscanminimizetheriskofinjuryanddamage.Furthermore,settingupsheltersandstockpilingemergencysuppliescanprovideessentialsupportforthoseaffectedbydisasters.Followingguidancefromthegovernmentandrelevantdepartmentsisalsoessential.Authoritieshavetheexpertiseandresourcestoprovideaccurateinformationandsupportduringadisaster.Finally,promotingdisasterpreventionawarenessiscrucialtopreparingourselvesandourmunitiesfortheinevitablenaturaldisastersthatwilloccur.Bytakingthesesteps,wecanbetterprotectourselvesandourlovedonesfromthedevastatingeffectsofnaturaldisasters.It'simportanttorememberthatwhilewemaynotbeabletopreventtheseeventsfromoccurring,wecancertainlyprepareourselvesandminimizetheimpacttheyhaveonourlives.【參考譯文】自然災(zāi)害是由環(huán)境因素引起的極端突發(fā)事件，造成人員傷亡和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。自然災(zāi)害的例子包括野生龍卷風(fēng)、白色暴風(fēng)雪、肆虐的野火和強(qiáng)大的颶風(fēng)。這些事件可能會(huì)襲擊地球上的任何地方，通常沒有任何預(yù)警。為了應(yīng)對(duì)自然災(zāi)害，必須采取積極措施，做好準(zhǔn)備，盡量減少它們對(duì)我們生活的影響。首先，為我們的家庭、社區(qū)和組織制定應(yīng)急響應(yīng)計(jì)劃至關(guān)重要。這包括指定安全空間和建立疏散路線。加強(qiáng)預(yù)警系統(tǒng)也至關(guān)重要。這些系統(tǒng)可以幫助人們警惕自然災(zāi)害迫在眉睫的危險(xiǎn)，使他們能夠采取必要的預(yù)防措施。此外，開展防災(zāi)培訓(xùn)和學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)急技能可以幫助個(gè)人和社區(qū)更好地應(yīng)對(duì)緊急情況。另一個(gè)重要方面是確保清晰的溝通。在災(zāi)難發(fā)生時(shí)，準(zhǔn)確及時(shí)的信息可以挽救生命。因此，制定一個(gè)計(jì)劃來保持家庭成員、鄰居和應(yīng)急響應(yīng)人員之間的溝通至關(guān)重要。建筑安全是另一個(gè)需要考慮的關(guān)鍵因素。確保建筑物，特別是房屋和學(xué)校，能夠抵御自然災(zāi)害，可以最大限度地降低受傷和損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。此外，建立避難所和儲(chǔ)存應(yīng)急物資可以為受災(zāi)者提供必要的支持。遵循政府和相關(guān)部門的指導(dǎo)也是至關(guān)重要的。當(dāng)局擁有專業(yè)知識(shí)和資源，可以在災(zāi)難期間提供準(zhǔn)確的信息和支持。最后，提高防災(zāi)意識(shí)對(duì)于我們自己和我們的社區(qū)為不可避免的自然災(zāi)害做好準(zhǔn)備至關(guān)重要。通過采取這些措施，我們可以更好地保護(hù)自己和親人免受自然災(zāi)害的破壞性影響。重要的是要記住，雖然我們可能無法阻止這些事件的發(fā)生，但我們當(dāng)然可以做好準(zhǔn)備，盡量減少它們對(duì)我們生活的影響?！緟⒖荚~匯】naturaldisasters自然災(zāi)害environmentalfactors環(huán)境因素withoutwarning毫無征兆proactivemeasures積極主動(dòng)的措施；預(yù)防性措施evacuationroutes疏散路線earlywarning預(yù)先警報(bào)imminentdanger迫在眉睫的危險(xiǎn)；迫近的危險(xiǎn)disasterprevention防災(zāi)綜合實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練1Thenumberofweatherrelateddisastershasincreasedbyfivetimesoverthepast50years,thelatestreportbytheWorldMeteorological(氣象)Organization(WMO)saidonSeptember.However,thankstoimprovedearlywarningsystemsanddisastermanagement,thenumberofdeathfromthesehazards(危險(xiǎn))hasbeenalmostthreetimesless.AccordingtotheWMO,from1970to2019,weather,climateandwaterhazardsaccountedfor50percentofalldisasters.Amongthetop10hazardsthatledtothelargestlossofhumanlifeduringthisperiodweredroughts,storms,floodsandextremetemperatures.However,deathsfellfromover50,000inthe1970stolessthan20,000inthe2010s.“Weather,climateandwaterextremesareincreasingandwillbeemorefrequentandsevereinmanypartsoftheworldasaresultofclimatechange,”saysWMOSecretaryGeneralPetteriTaalas.“Thatmeansmoreheatwaves,droughtandforestfiressuchasthosewehaveobservedrecentlyinEuropeandNorthAmerica.Wehavemorewatervaporintheatmosphere,whichisworseningextremerainfallanddeadlyflooding.Thewarmingoftheoceanshasaffectedthefrequencyandareaofexistenceofthemostintensetropicalstorms.”“Economiclossesareincreasingasexposureincreases.Butbehindthestatisticsliesamessageofhope.Improvedmultihazardearlywarningsystemshaveledtoasignificantreductionindeaths.Quitesimply,wearebetterthaneverbeforeatsavinglives,”Taalassaid.1．Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph?A．Disastersconnectedwithweatherhavegoneup.B．Thenumberofweatherrelateddisastershasdecreased.C．Thenumberofdeathsfromhazardshasbeenincreasing.D．Earlywarningsystemshavemadedisastersdeclinemuch.2．WhatwillhappenaccordingtoPetteriTaalas?A．Therewillbemoreextremeweather.B．Extremerainfallwillnolongerexist.C．Watervaporintheatmospherewillgodown.D．Humanswilldefeatextremeweatherintheend.3．Whatishopefulbehindthebadnews?A．Improvedwarningsystemswillsaveeconomiclosses.B．Economiclossesaregoingdownasexposureincreases.C．Moreliveswillbesavedthankstoearlywarningsystems.D．Improvedearlywarningsystemswillcontrolextremeweather4．Wheremaythetextbetakenfrom?A．Anovel. B．Abrochure. C．Amagazine. D．Aguideline.2TwoEarthquakesinTwoMonths:paringtheQuakesinHaiti(海地)andChile(智利)Overview(概要)HowdotheearthquakesinChileandHaitipare?Here,studentsperformagallerywalktolearnmoreabouttheearthquakesfromaspecificpoint,andthendoaspecificresearchandpresentationprojectorresponseactivity.Finally,theyseekanswerstotheirunansweredquestions.MaterialsPrintcopiesofphotographs,charts,documentsandothervisualstodisplay,asdescribedbelow;puter(s)withInternetaccess(optional),researchmaterials,handouts.WarmupChooseandpreparea“gallery”ofphotographs,graphics,newsreportsandothermaterialstodisplayaroundtheroomtoenablestudentstoconsiderthe2010earthquakeinChile.Dependingoncourseprogram,choosematerialsforthegallerythatprovideawindowonthetwoquakes,throughoneofthefollowingspecificpoints,orthefocusofyourchoice:EarthquakesthroughHistoryPuttingthe2010ChileanandHaitianquakesintohistoricalviewrelatedtootherearthquakes,includingthe1960Chileanquakeandthe2004Asianearthquakeandtsunami.RescueandAidConsideringdomesticandinternationalresponsetothedisastersbymilitaries,governmentsandaidorganizations,includingrescueandrecoveryaswellaseffortstoprovidefood,water,healthcareandsheltertothoseaffected.RelatedThearticleUnderwaterPlateCuts400MileGashparesseveralearthquakes:Mr.LinfiguredthatthequakeonSaturdaywas250to350timesmorepowerfulthantheHaitianquake.ButPaulCarusonotedthatatleastonland,theeffectsoftheChileantremor(震動(dòng))mightnotbeasbad.Foronething,hesaid,thequalityofbuildingconstructionisgenerallybetterinChilethaninHaiti.Andthefactthatthequakeoccurredoffshoreshouldalsohelplimitthedestruction.InHaiti,therupture(斷裂)occurredonlyafewmilesfromthecapital,PortauPrince.TheruptureonSaturdaywascenteredabout60milesfromthenearesttown,Chillan,and70milesfromthecountry’ssecondlargestcity,Concepción.Readthearticleusingthefollowingquestions.1．WhichofthefollowingshowsoneofthereasonsforslighterlossesinChilethaninHaiti?A．Position:B．Power:C．Building:D．Rescue:2．WecaninferthatthearticleUnderwaterPlateCuts400MileGashincludes________.A．thecausesofthe2010Chileanearthquakeandthe1960ChileanearthquakeB．theparisonbetweenthe2010Haitianandthe2004IndonesianearthquakesC．thereasonforthe2010ChileanquakebeingmorepowerfulthanJanuary’sHaitianearthquakeD．thereasonforlessdamageinthe2010Chileanquakethaninthe2004Indonesianearthquake3．Whatthepassagemostlikelytobe?A．Aprogramforresearch. B．Aguidetoearthquakestudy.C．Anadvertisementforstudents. D．Anintroductiontoquakes.3p.m.nix,Arizona,theUSAwasstruckbyabigsandstorm(沙塵暴)recently.ItwasahugeduststormthatstruckPhoenixalittleafter7:00p.m.localtime.Arizonahassandstormsparticularlyduringthemonsoon(季風(fēng))seasonwhichusuallystartsfrommidJuneuntiltheendofSeptember.However,thiswasthebiggest.Thecloudofdustturneddayintonight.Sometreesweredownedandgardensweredestroyedanditcutoffthepowerofthousandsoflocalpeopleinthearea,butluckilynodeathhappened.Anumberofpeople’spoolsbecamedirtywithdust.PeoplewholivedinPhoenixformorethan40yearssaidthatthiswasthefirsttimetheyhadexperiencedthishugeduststorm.Itcouldgreatlyinfluencepeople’shealth.ThebigdustcloudstartedinTucsontravelingnorthacrossthedesert.Thehugestormranupto60milesperhour.Itwasmorethan100mileswideandamilehigh.BesidesPhoenixandnearbycities,thestormalsoreachedYumaCountyinsouthwesternArizona.Itreducedthevisibility(能見度)intheseareas,puttingofftheflightsatPhoenixSkyHarborInternationalAirport.ThestormonlytakesplaceinArizona,theSaharaDesertandareasoftheMiddleEast,becauseofthedryenvironmentandlargeamountsofsand.Becauseoftheseriousshortageofrain,there’salargepossibilitythatthewaterispollutedbecauseofthestorm.1．InwhatseasondosandstormsusuallytakeplaceinArizona?A．Infallandwinter. B．Insummerandfall.C．Inwinterandspring. D．Inspringandsummer.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph2referto?A．Thestorm. B．Thewind.C．Thedesert. D．Thestate.3．Whywaslocalpeopleluckyafterthebigsandstormhappened?A．People’shealthwasnotinfluenced.B．Itdidn’tdoharmtopeople’sgardens.C．Allthelocalpeopleintheareasurvived.D．Theelectricitywasnotaffectedatall.4．Whatcanprobablybethetitleofthepassage?A．Phoenix,ArizonahasmoresandstormsB．SandstormsdoagreatdealofharmtopeopleC．WemustdosomethingtopreventsandstormsD．Phoenix,Arizonaexperiencedahugesandstorm4Asashiftinthepolarvortex(極地渦旋)sweptacrossmuchoftheUS,manypeopleinthecountrywerehitwithasuddensnapofcold.Heavyiceandsnowcoupledwithfallentreescausedtheoutagesinmajorcities,withpaniesunabletotelltheircustomerswhenpowerwillberestored.Polarvortexeswerenoticedlongago.Butthefirstknownuseoftheterm“polarvortex”wasinamagazinein1853.Polarvortexesarepresentyearround,butwedon’thearaboutthemuntiltheycauseproblems.TheymaintainfreezingtemperaturesattheNorthandSouthpolesbymovingintightcounterclockwisepatterns.Polarvortexesgrowstrongerinwinterandweakeninsummer.Theyarekeptinplaceatthepolesbyanotheratmosphericcurrentcalledthejetstream.However,whenthejetstreamsweaken,thecoldwindsofthepolarvortexarepushedsouthwardsanditisduringthistimethatpeoplebegintopayattention!InTexas,roadsfrozeover,causingsixtrafficdeaths,andmanyschoolswereshutdown.PeoplearenottheonlyEarthlingstostrugglewiththecold.Cropsandanimalsarealsofreezing.Thiscouldhavemajorconsequences,especiallyifherdsofcattledie.Ifsnowblockscattle,theanimalscan’treachbasicnecessitieslikefoodandfreshwater.Onabrighternote,someTexascitiesweremorepreparedthanothers.Forinstance,Amarillo,whichislocatedinNorthTexas,sotheyaremoreaccustomedtocoldertemperatures.Amarilloisnotablebecausethecitywasredesignedtostanduptoseverewinterstorms.Officialshavespreadoutfirestationstoincreasecoverageoffirstresponders,employedmodifieddumptrucksforclearingice,andupgradedciviccenterstoprovideshelterduringstorms.Hopefully,otherTexascitieswillfollowthegoodexamplesetbyAmarillo!1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“outages”referto?A．Trafficjams. B．Possessionslosses.C．Powercuts. D．Trafficaccidents.2．Whatcanwelearnaboutpolarvortexes?A．Theygrowstrongerinsummer. B．Theyareaffectedbyjetstreams.C．Theywerefirstobservedin1853. D．Theymoveinaclockwisedirection.3．WhatmightbetheattitudeofthepeopleinTexastowardsthePolarvortex?A．Pleased. B．Worried.C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.4．WhyisAmarillostriking?A．BecauseitislocatedinthenorthofTexas.B．Becauseithasbeenupgradedandmodernized.C．Becauseithasbeenregardedasanexampletoothercities.D．Becauseithastakeneffectivemeasurestoresistwinterstorms.5TsunamiwarningsystemistestedU.S.e,thefounderoftheHawaiianVolcanoObservatory,werealive,ThomasJaggarwouldbeproudoftheU.S.tsunamiwarningsystemafterFriday’sdevastatingearthquakeinJapansentasurge(大浪，洶涌)ofoceanwaterdashingtowardtheWestCoast.U.S.SHINGTON—SomanypeoplesurgedtotheWestCoastandAlaskaTsunamiWarningCenterwebsitethatitslowedtoacrawlearlyFriday,unabletoprovidecriticalinformationtothepublicaboutthecoastalimpactintheU.S.ofamassiveearthquakeinJapan.p.m.atchyWashingtonBureau—Mar1106:09p.m.●CHICAGO—AtsunamiwarninghasbeenissuedforthecentralandnorthernCaliforniacoastandOregon,theNationalWeatherServiceannouncedearlyFriday.ChicagoTribune—Mar1106:07a.m.●HONOLULU—AtsunamiwarningwasissuedlateonThursdayforHawaiiafteran8.9magnitudeearthquakestruckinthePacificnearJapan,promptingstatecivildefenseofficialstoorderallcoastalareasevacuated(把……撤出……)by2a.m.localtime.Tsunamisirens(警報(bào))begansoundingat9:59p.m.onThursday.Theyhavesoundedeveryhoursince11:15p.m.AlaskaTsunamiWarningCenteralsoissuedawarningformuchofthecoastsofAlaska,Washington,OregonandCalifornia.ReutersviaYahoo!News—Mar1101:22a.m.●LOMPOC—Tsunamiwarning‘a(chǎn)wakeupcall’AtsunamiwarningthatledtoevacuationsforcoastalmunitiesandcampgroundsinSantaBarbaraandSanLuisObispocountiesFridayservedasasuccessfultrialforamoreseriousemergency,officialssaidafterthedangerpassed.TheLompocRecord—Mar1111:29p.m.●WELLINGTON—ThePacificTsunamiWarningCentreissuedawarningafteran8.9magnitudeearthquakestruckinthePacificnearJapan,anditsaidthesealevelreadingsconfirmthatatsunamihasbeengeneratedandwasineffectforsomePacificislands—Hawaii,China’sTaiwan,thePhilippinesandIndonesiaetc.NewStraitsTimes—Mar1107:48a.m.—ReproducedbyYahooGreenwichMeantime1．AtsunamiwarningwasissuedforallthefollowingstatesintheU.S.exceptfor_____.A．Ohio B．California C．Oregon D．Alaska2．Theunderlinedword“prompting”(inthefourthparagraph)mostprobablymeans_____.A．promoting B．a(chǎn)dvocating C．urging D．a(chǎn)ppealing3．Accordingtothepassage,thePacificTsunamiwarningwasfirstreportedby_____.A．NewStraitsTimes B．ReutersviaYahoo!NewsC．McClatchyWashingtonBureau D．ChicagoTribune4．InwhichcitydidthenewsagencyissueatsunamiaffectingforsomeotherplacesapartfromJapanandHawaii?A．LOMPOC． B．WASHINGTON. C．HONOLULU. D．WELLINGTON.6NEWYORKCITY—AhurricanewarninghasbeengivenforNewYorkCity.ForecasterssayHurricaneIrenecouldcausewidespreadflooding,powerfailureandbillionsofdollarsindamage.About65millionAmericansliveinHurricaneIrene’sprojectedpath—manyofwhomhavebeenevacuated.InNewYorkCity,MayorMichaelBloomberghasorderedthecity’sfirsteverevacuation.Roughly250,000peoplehavebeentoldtoleavetheirhomesinlowlyingareas,includingtheWallStreetfinancialdistrict.WASHINGTOND．C．—OnAug.24,2011,AppleannouncedthatMr.SteveJobs,whohasbattledcancerforseveralyears,wassteppingdownastheCEObutwouldserveaschairman.InJanuary,hehadannouncedthathewastakingamedicalleaveofabsencefromApple.Inannouncinghisleave,heturneddailyoversightofthepanyovertothechiefoperatingofficer,TimothyD．Cook,anditwasMr.CookwhomApplenamedtosucceedhimasthenextCEOofthepany.TRIPOLI—OppositionforcesinLibyasaytheycontrolmorethan90percentofthecountry.ItisstillnotclearwhereMoammarGadhafiis.Theoppositionhasofferedmorethan1,600,000dollarsforhiscapture(逮捕).Theheadoftheoppositionforcessaidhisgroupsupportsadecisionbylocalbusinessmentoprovidethemoneyinanefforttospeedupthecapture.EarlierWednesday,governmentforcesfiredontotheformerheadquarters(總部)ofMr.Gadhafi,whichisnowcontrolledbyoppositionforces.HeavyfightingalsocontinuednearTripoli’sairportandinatownofZuara.1．Theunderlinedword“evacuated”probablymeans________.A．sentawaytosaferplaces B．gatheredaroundtohigherpositionsC．floodedofftolowerreaches D．leftbehindtodangeroussituations2．WhohasbeenappointedasthenewCEOofApple?A．SteveJobs. B．MichaelBloomberg.C．MoammarGadhafi. D．TimothyD．Cook.3．Fromthenewsabove,weknowthatinLibya_______.A．thelocalbusinessmenhaveofferedmoneytocatchholdofGadhafiB．theoppositionforcessufferedathoroughdefeatnearTripoli’sairportC．thegovernmentforcesaredefendingtheheadquartersofMr.GadhafiD．thetownofZuaraistheplacewhereMoammarGadhafiprobablyhides7InternationalShakeOutDayThisYearThisyear’sInternationalShakeOutDayisOctober17,whenmillionsofpeopleworldwidewilltakepartinearthquakedrills(演習(xí))atwork,school,orhome!Itisagreatwayforyourfamilyororganizationtobeebetterpreparedtosurviveandrecoverquicklyfrombigearthquakes.At10:17am(localtime)on10/17,youcanjoinmillionsofpeopleacrosstheworldinpracticingearthquakesafety.Whileweencourageeveryonetotakepart,youcansignupforyourShakeOutdrillforanydayoftheyear,anddrillatatimeofyourchoice,Youcanalsoincludepeopleindifferentlocationsthroughvideos.FINDYOURREGIONMostparticipants(參與者)areinoneoftheofficialShakeOutRegionslistedbelowthepage(withcurrentsignuptotals).Peopleandorganizationsinothercountriescanalsosignup.AllregionstakepartinitonOctober17,2024,unlessspecified.（Asof

Today）GlobalTotalsUStotalsoct.17,2024DrillsOver270,000Over260,000All2024DrillsOver1.10millionOver950,000All2023DrillsOver57.3millionOver19.3millionhttps://..niaandhasalsobeenorganizedinmanyotherstatesandcountries.OfficialShakeOutRegionsrequirespeciallocalorregionalcooperation,typicallybyanemergency(緊急情況)managementagencyoraunionofmanyorganizations.IfyouareinterestedinestablishingShakeOutforyourregion,pleasecontactusathttps://..Ifyourstate,province,orcountryisnotyettakingpart,youcansignupforyourselforyourorganizationaspartoftheglobalparticipationtotal.1．Whatisthepurposeoftheactivity?A．Toraisepeople’ssafetyawareness.B．Tostressthechallengesofearthquakes.C．Tohelppeoplegetreadyforanearthquake.D．Towarnpeopleofthedangerofearthquakes.2．Howmanypeopleworldwidetookpartinthedrillsin2023?A．Over270,000. B．Over950,000. C．Over57.3million. D．Over19.3million.3．Whereisthetextfrom?A．Awebsite. B．Abookreview. C．Aguidebook. D．Adiaryentry.8Thecold,wetweatherofwinteroftenputsoutanywildfiresthatarestillburning,butnotinthefarNorthareas,suchasAlaska,Canada,andotherpartsofNorthAmerica.Someforestfiresjustdon’tdieintheseplaces.Thinkofthefiresas“zombies”(僵尸):Scientistsdo.Whensummersarewarmerthannormal,somefirescanhidethroughthewinter.Theyburndeadplantmatterandsoilsundersnow.InMay2021,scientistsreportedtheirworktoascientificjournal.Thescientistssawthatzombiefiresarerarebuttheycouldbeemoremonastheworldwarms,thestudywarns.“Someyears,newfireswerestartingveryclosetothepreviousyear’sfire,”explainsRebeccaScholten.ShestudiesEarthandenvironmentalsciencesatVrijeUniversityAmsterdamintheNetherlands.Thenewfiresmadescientistswonderhowoftenfiresmightsurvivethewinter.Thescientistsstartedbybingthroughfirefighterreports.ThentheyparedthesewithsatelliteimagesofAlaskaandnorthernCanada.Thescientistslookedforfiresthatbeganclosetofiresfromtheyearbefore.Theyalsofocusedonblazesstartingbeforethemiddleofsummer.Randomlightningorhumanactionssparkmostfiresinthearea,Scholtensays.Butthosefireshappenlaterintheyear.Zombiefiresaccountedforlessthan1percentofthetotalareaburnedbyfiresfrom2002to2018.Butitchangedfromyeartoyear.Take2008,forexample.AzombiefireburnedAlaskathatyear.Itcausedalmostonethirdoffiredamagethatyear.Oneclearpatternemerged:Zombiefiresweremorelikelytohappenafterverywarmsummers.Hightemperaturesmayallowfirestoreachmoredeeplyintothesoil.Suchdeepburnsaremorelikelytosurvivetospring.Thezombiefirethreatcouldgrow.Theclimateiswarming.ForestsinthefarNorthalreadyarewarmingfaster.“We’reseeingmorehotsummersandmorelargefiresandintenseburning,”Scholtensays.Plus,zombiefirescouldcausemoreissues.Thefiresreleasehugeamountsofgreenhousegases.ThesetrapheatintheEarth’satmosphere.TheatmosphereisalayerofgasesthatsurroundtheEarth.Scholten’sresearchcouldhelpfiremanagement.Firefighterswouldknowtocheckforthemafterwarmsummers.1．Whatmayleadtozombiefiresaccordingtothepassage?A．wetweather B．hottersummersC．lowtemperatures D．coldwinters2．WhatcanwelearnaboutzombiefiresfromParagraph2?A．Whereflamesbrokeoutprovidedtheclue.B．Changingclimateplaysaroleinthezombiefirethreat.C．Zombiefiresarelesslikelytohappenafterverywarmsummers.D．Itisoflittleuseparingfirefighterreportswithsatelliteimages.3．Whatconclusionwillbepossiblymadebasedonthelastparagraph?A．Itisimportanttounderstandzombiefires.B．Zombiefiresarelikelytobeundercontrolsoon.C．Firefighterscannotdomuchtostopthezombiefires.D．Westillhavemuchtolearnaboutthewarmingclimate.4．Whichofthefollowingcouldbethesuitabletitleofthepassage?A．“Zombie“wildfiresdogreatdamagetolandB．“Zombie”wildfiresreleasegreenhousegasesC．“Zombie“wildfiressparkedbyhumanactionsD．“Zombie”wildfiresreappearafterwinteringunderground9Drylightning(雷電)canstillbeharmfulevenwhenconditionsaren’tsodry,saidastudypublishedinGeophysicalResearchLetterslastmonth.Drylightningduringlittletonorainfallwaspreviouslythoughttocausewildfiredangeronlywithlessthan2.5mmofraininaday.AWashingtonStateUniversityledstudyofwildfiresintheUSWestfounddrylightningcausedwildfiresdespiteupto7.7mmofrain.“Therainfallamountswerecordedshouldhelpprovideabetterunderstandingofjusthowmuchraincancauseafirerisk,”saidDmitriKalashnikov,leadauthorofthestudy.Theresearchersanalyzed(分析)casesonmorethan4,600naturallycausedfiresfrom2015to2020.Theymatched3,726ofthosetothelightningstrikesthatlikelystartedthemwiththehelpofNationalLightningDetectionNetwork.Thestudyfoundthat15.3%ofthosewereholdoverfireswhichburnwithoutsmoke,bringingaboutoverahundredfireseachyear.Analyzingtherainfallamountsaroundthetimeofthelightningstrikesshowedgreaterrainfallthanpreviouslythoughtamongtheearlierfoundfiresrangingfrom1.7mmto4.6mm.Whilehumansstillcausemostfireseitherbyaccidentoronpurpose,lightningcausedwildfiresburnthemostareas.Nearly70%ofthewildfireburnedlandintheWestwasfromlightningcausedfiresaccordingtothestudy.Forexample,thelargestwildfireburnareainCaliforniahistorytookplaceinAugust2020afterdrylightningcausedmanywildfiresatonce.Drylightningcanalsostartwildfiresinplacesthatarehardforfirefighterstoreach.ThisstudyfoundtheplaceswhereholdoverfireshappenedrepeatedlywereintheforestedmountainsoftheSouthwestaswellasthemiddleandsouthernRockyMountains.Holdoverfirescausetheproblembecausetheyaresohardtonotice.1．Thenewstudyfounddrylightningcanstillcausewildfireswithadailyrainfallof__________.A．7.7mm B．8.0mm C．9.4mm D．10.2mm2．Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thefindingoftheresearch. B．Thenumberofthecases.C．Theprocessofthestudy. D．Thedesignersofthetest.3．Whydidholdoverfireshappenrepeatedlyintheforestedmountains?A．Theyaredifficulttonotice. B．Thefireservicei