2025年英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)考試閱讀理解詞匯記憶與長(zhǎng)難句訓(xùn)練試卷考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartIReadingComprehensionDirections:Readthefollowingpassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswerforeachquestionbasedonwhatisstatedorimpliedinthepassage.PassageOneThedigitalagehasirrevocablytransformedhowweconsumeinformation,communicate,andevenperceivereality.Whiletheconvenienceofinstantaccesstoavastrepositoryofknowledgeisundeniable,ithassimultaneouslyfosteredacultureofsuperficialengagementandfragmentedattention.Therelentlessstreamofnotificationsandthecuratedechochambersofsocialmediaplatformsoftenprioritizebrevityandviralityoverdepthandnuance.Asaresult,criticalthinkingskills,whichrequiresustainedconcentrationandcarefulanalysis,arearguablyunderthreat.Youngergenerations,inparticular,aregrowingupinanenvironmentwhereinformationisfrequentlyconsumedinbite-sizedformats,potentiallyshorteningtheattentionspansnecessaryforcomplexproblem-solvingandnuancedunderstanding.Thisshiftraisesprofoundquestionsaboutthelong-termcognitiveimpactsofour日益數(shù)字化的生活方式(rìyuèshùzìhuàdeshēnghuófāngshì-increasinglydigitallifestyles)andthefutureofmeaningfuldiscourseinaworldsaturatedwithfleetingbytesofinformation.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisasignificantconsequenceofthedigitalage?2.Thephrase"curatedechochambers"mostlikelyrefersto:3.Whatspecificskilldoestheauthorsuggestmightbenegativelyaffectedbytheprevalenceofbite-sizedinformation?4.Basedonthepassage,whatistheauthor'sprimaryconcernregardingthegrowthofdigitaltechnology?5.Theword"irrevocably"inthefirstsentenceisbestunderstoodas:PassageTwoBiodiversity,theintricateweboflifeencompassingallvarietiesofflora,fauna,andecosystemsonEarth,isfundamentaltothestabilityandresilienceofourplanet'senvironment.Eachspecies,nomatterhowsmallorseeminglyinsignificant,playsaroleinmaintainingecologicalbalance.Forinstance,pollinatorslikebeesarecrucialforthereproductionofmanyplantspecies,includingthoseessentialforhumanagriculture.Similarly,decomposersbreakdownorganicmatter,recyclingnutrientsbackintothesoil.Humanactivities,however,poseaseverethreattothisdelicateequilibrium.Habitatdestructionthroughdeforestationandurbanization,pollutionofairandwater,climatechange,andtheintroductionofinvasivespecieshaveledtoanunprecedentedrateofextinction.Thislossnotonlydiminishesthenaturalbeautyoftheworldbutalsoweakenstheecologicalservicesthatsupportalllife,includinghumanwell-being.Conservationefforts,therefore,arenotmerelyanactofaltruismbutanecessaryinvestmentinthefuturesustainabilityofourplanet.6.Whatisthefundamentalimportanceofbiodiversityaccordingtothepassage?7.Theauthorusestheexamplesofbeesanddecomposerstoillustrate:8.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTlistedasathreattobiodiversity?9.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestarethepotentialconsequencesofbiodiversitylossforhumanity?10.Theword"delicate"inthesecondparagraphisusedtodescribetheecologicalbalancebecause:PassageThreeEffectiveleadershipinthemodernworkplacerequiresanuancedblendoftraditionalauthorityandcontemporaryempathy.Whiletheabilitytosetcleargoals,makestrategicdecisions,andmaintaindisciplineremainsessential,themostsuccessfulleadersincreasinglyrecognizetheimportanceofunderstandingandvaluingtheirteammembers'perspectivesandwell-being.Thisshifttowardsamorehuman-centricapproachstemsfromtheunderstandingthatmotivated,engagedemployeesarefarmoreproductiveandinnovativethanthosewhofeelundervaluedordisengaged.Leaderswhofosteropencommunicationchannels,encouragecollaboration,andprovidepsychologicalsafetyallowtheirteamstotakecalculatedrisksandlearnfromfailures,whicharecrucialcomponentsofadynamicandadaptiveorganization.Furthermore,suchleadersoftenbuildstronger,moreresilientteamscapableofnavigatingtheinherentcomplexitiesanduncertaintiesofthecontemporarybusinessenvironment.Ultimately,effectiveleadershipisaboutcreatingapositiveecosystemwhereindividualsfeelempoweredtocontributetheirbestwork.11.Whatkeycharacteristicdifferentiatesmoderneffectiveleadershipfromperhapstraditionalmodels?12.Accordingtothepassage,whyisfocusingonemployeewell-beingimportantforproductivity?13.Thephrase"psychologicalsafety"mostlikelyrefersto:14.Whatadvantagedoesthepassagesuggestcomesfromallowingemployeestotakecalculatedrisks?15.Theword"resilient"inthefinalparagraphisbestunderstoodas:PartIIVocabularyDirections:Choosethewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentencebasedonitsmeaninginthecontextprovided.Donotrefertoanyoutsidesources.16.Despitetheproject'sinherent______,theteammanagedtocompleteitonschedule.(A)complications(B)simplicity(C)approval(D)initiation17.Thenovel'scentralthemerevolvesaroundthecomplex______betweenloveandambition.(A)indifference(B)contradiction(C)exacerbation(D)correlation18.Itwouldbe______toassumethateconomicgrowthautomaticallyleadstoimprovedlivingstandards.(A)prudent(B)naive(C)ambiguous(D)contingent19.Thearchaeologist'sfindings______along-standingdebateabouttheoriginsofthecivilization.(A)substantiated(B)complicated(C)ignored(D)postponed20.Theactor'sperformancewasso______thattheaudiencewasmovedtosilenceforamomentafterthecurtainfell.(A)tepid(B)convoluted(C)profound(D)nominal21.Hisexplanationforthediscrepancywassomewhat______,failingtofullyaddressthecoreissues.(A)convoluted(B)plausible(C)succinct(D)definitive22.Thegovernmentimplementedstrictregulationsto______thespreadoftheinfectiousdisease.(A)mitigate(B)augment(C)curtail(D)exacerbate23.Shehasa______knowledgeofinternationalrelations,builtuponyearsofdedicatedstudyandtravel.(A)superficial(B)encyclopedic(C)marginal(D)preliminary24.Theoldphotographprovideda______glimpseintothefamily'shistoryfromdecadesago.(A)tenuous(B)fleeting(C)vivid(D)ambiguous25.Theconferencewas______duetooverwhelminginterestandrapidticketsales.(A)underwhelming(B)ill-conceived(C)oversubscribed(D)prematurelyendedPartIIISentenceAnalysisDirections:Eachofthefollowingsentencescontainsanunderlinedpart.Identifytheunderlinedpartthatisincorrectorrequiresmodificationtomakethesentencegrammaticallycorrect.Explaininonesentencewhyitisincorrectandwhatcorrectionwouldmakeitcorrect.26.Despitetheheavyrain,theycontinueto__________theirjourneyonfootalthoughitwasalreadydark.(A)continue(B)tocontinue(C)continueto(D)continued*(Yourexplanationhere)*27.Thecommittee,includingthechairpersonand__________members,allvotedinfavoroftheproposal.(A)some(B)few(C)several(D)many*(Yourexplanationhere)*28.Notonly__________butalsothesurroundingvillageswereaffectedbythepoweroutagelastnight.(A)thecitycenterwas(B)wasthecitycenter(C)thecitycenter(D)thecitycenterwere*(Yourexplanationhere)*29.IfIhadknownyouwerecoming,I__________youearlier.(A)wouldmeet(B)havemet(C)met(D)meet*(Yourexplanationhere)*30.Thebook,which__________hasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages,waspublishedfiftyyearsago.(A)itissaidthat(B)itissaid(C)issaid(D)sayingthat*(Yourexplanationhere)*---試卷答案PartIReadingComprehension1.(C)Acultureofsuperficialengagementandfragmentedattention.**解析思路：*文章首段明確指出，數(shù)字時(shí)代帶來(lái)了“acultureofsuperficialengagementandfragmentedattention”（表面化的參與和碎片化的注意力文化），這與C選項(xiàng)的“acultureofsuperficialengagementandfragmentedattention”完全一致。A選項(xiàng)“convenienceofinstantaccess”是數(shù)字時(shí)代的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，但不是核心“consequence”（后果）。B選項(xiàng)“curatedechochambers”是導(dǎo)致碎片化注意力的原因之一，而非后果。D選項(xiàng)“l(fā)ong-termcognitiveimpacts”是文章提出的擔(dān)憂，但更寬泛，而C選項(xiàng)是更直接的后果。2.(B)Controlledenvironmentsthatreinforceexistingbeliefs.**解析思路：*“Curatedechochambers”字面意思是“編輯過(guò)的回聲室”。結(jié)合文章語(yǔ)境，它描述了社交媒體平臺(tái)等環(huán)境，這些環(huán)境會(huì)篩選信息，使得用戶主要接觸到與其原有觀點(diǎn)相似的內(nèi)容，從而強(qiáng)化這些觀點(diǎn)。B選項(xiàng)“Controlledenvironmentsthatreinforceexistingbeliefs”（強(qiáng)化現(xiàn)有信念的控制性環(huán)境）捕捉到了這種信息過(guò)濾和觀點(diǎn)同化的核心含義。A選項(xiàng)“Isolatedphysicalspaces”過(guò)于字面化，且非重點(diǎn)。C選項(xiàng)“Narrowinformationstreams”部分正確，但未突出“echo”即觀點(diǎn)回響的特點(diǎn)。D選項(xiàng)“Personalizeddatafeeds”可能是實(shí)現(xiàn)手段，但不是定義本身。3.(A)Criticalthinkingskills.**解析思路：*文章第二段明確指出，“criticalthinkingskills,whichrequiresustainedconcentrationandcarefulanalysis,arearguablyunderthreat”（需要持續(xù)專注和仔細(xì)分析批判性思維能力，無(wú)疑正受到威脅）。這與A選項(xiàng)“Criticalthinkingskills”完全吻合。B選項(xiàng)“Readingcomprehension”是閱讀的一部分，但文章強(qiáng)調(diào)的是更深層次的思考能力。C選項(xiàng)“Informationretention”是記憶力，雖然重要，但不是此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的核心能力。D選項(xiàng)“Vocabularyacquisition”是詞匯習(xí)得，是基礎(chǔ)能力，但文章問(wèn)題是綜合理解能力，受詞匯和長(zhǎng)難句影響。4.(D)Thepotentialnegativelong-termcognitiveimpactsofincreasinglydigitallifestyles.**解析思路：*文章最后一句提出“thisshiftraisesprofoundquestionsaboutthelong-termcognitiveimpactsofourincreasinglydigitallifestylesandthefutureofmeaningfuldiscourse”（這種轉(zhuǎn)變引發(fā)了關(guān)于我們?nèi)找鏀?shù)字化的生活方式的長(zhǎng)期認(rèn)知影響的深刻問(wèn)題，以及有意義對(duì)話未來(lái)的問(wèn)題）。D選項(xiàng)概括了這一點(diǎn)，即“thepotentialnegativelong-termcognitiveimpactsofincreasinglydigitallifestyles”（日益數(shù)字化的生活方式的潛在負(fù)面影響）。A選項(xiàng)“Decreasedreadingspeed”是可能的現(xiàn)象，但非核心問(wèn)題。B選項(xiàng)“Increasedscreentime”是事實(shí)，但非作者主要擔(dān)憂。C選項(xiàng)“Lossofprivacy”也是數(shù)字時(shí)代問(wèn)題，但非本文重點(diǎn)。5.(A)Unabletobechangedorreversed.**解析思路：*“Irrevocablytransformed”意為“無(wú)法撤銷地轉(zhuǎn)變了”。A選項(xiàng)“Unabletobechangedorreversed”（無(wú)法改變或撤銷的）準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)了此意。B選項(xiàng)“Temporarilyaltered”意為暫時(shí)改變，與“irrevocably”矛盾。C選項(xiàng)“Partiallymodified”意為部分修改，也與“irrevocable”的絕對(duì)性不符。D選項(xiàng)“Subjecttoreversal”意為可能被撤銷，與詞義相反。6.(A)Itisfundamentaltothestabilityandresilienceofourplanet'senvironment.**解析思路：*文章首段明確指出，“Biodiversity,theintricateweboflife...isfundamentaltothestabilityandresilienceofourplanet'senvironment”（生物多樣性...是地球環(huán)境穩(wěn)定性和彈性的基礎(chǔ)）。這與A選項(xiàng)的表述完全一致。B選項(xiàng)“Providesaestheticvalue”是生物多樣性的一種作用，但“fundamentalimportance”指向更核心的作用。C選項(xiàng)“Isessentialforagriculture”只提到了一個(gè)例子（傳粉者），并非生物多樣性的全部基礎(chǔ)。D選項(xiàng)“Supportshumanwell-being”也是其作用之一，但基礎(chǔ)性更體現(xiàn)在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定上。7.(B)Therolesdifferentspeciesplaywithinecosystems.**解析思路：*文章第二段解釋了生物多樣性的重要性時(shí)，通過(guò)“Eachspecies,nomatterhowsmall...playsaroleinmaintainingecologicalbalance”（每個(gè)物種...在維持生態(tài)平衡中發(fā)揮作用）以及蜜蜂和分解者的例子，是為了說(shuō)明不同物種在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的具體功能和相互關(guān)系。B選項(xiàng)“therolesdifferentspeciesplaywithinecosystems”（不同物種在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的作用）概括了這一點(diǎn)。A選項(xiàng)“Humandependenceonspecies”是因果關(guān)系，非舉例說(shuō)明的重點(diǎn)。C選項(xiàng)“Thevarietyofspeciesinanarea”是生物多樣性的定義，非舉例說(shuō)明的目的。D選項(xiàng)“Thebenefitsofpollination”僅是其中一個(gè)例子。8.(B)Increasedleisuretime.**解析思路：*文章第二段列舉了對(duì)生物多樣性構(gòu)成威脅的活動(dòng)時(shí)，明確提到了“habitatdestructionthroughdeforestationandurbanization,pollutionofairandwater,climatechange,andtheintroductionofinvasivespecies”（通過(guò)森林砍伐和城市化導(dǎo)致的棲息地破壞、空氣和水污染、氣候變化以及外來(lái)物種的引入）。B選項(xiàng)“Increasedleisuretime”與這些威脅完全無(wú)關(guān)。A選項(xiàng)“Resourcedepletion”可視為氣候變化或人類活動(dòng)的一部分后果，但并非原文列出的直接威脅。C選項(xiàng)“Technologicaladvancement”是人類活動(dòng)，但文章強(qiáng)調(diào)的是其負(fù)面影響（污染、改變環(huán)境等），而非技術(shù)本身。D選項(xiàng)“Globalization”也是人類活動(dòng)，但原文列出的具體威脅是更直接的。9.(D)Itweakenstheecologicalservicesthatsupportalllife,includinghumanwell-being.**解析思路：*文章第二段末尾指出，“Thislossnotonlydiminishesthenaturalbeautyoftheworldbutalsoweakenstheecologicalservicesthatsupportalllife,includinghumanwell-being”（這種損失不僅減少了世界的自然美景，還削弱了支持所有生命（包括人類福祉）的生態(tài)服務(wù)）。這與D選項(xiàng)的表述一致。A選項(xiàng)“Reducesaestheticvalue”是“diminishesthenaturalbeauty”的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，但不如D選項(xiàng)全面。B選項(xiàng)“Increasesresourcescarcity”可能是間接后果，但文章強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)“ecologicalservices”的削弱。C選項(xiàng)“Disruptslocalclimates”也是可能的生態(tài)后果，但“weakensecologicalservices”是更直接的概括。10.(C)Becauseitiseasilydisturbedandsusceptibletoimbalance.**解析思路：*文章第二段描述生態(tài)平衡是“delicate”時(shí)，解釋了其因人類活動(dòng)（棲息地破壞、污染等）而受到嚴(yán)重威脅，這暗示了這種平衡是脆弱的、容易被破壞的，一旦擾動(dòng)就難以恢復(fù)。C選項(xiàng)“Becauseitiseasilydisturbedandsusceptibletoimbalance”（因?yàn)樗菀妆淮驍_且容易失衡）準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)了這種脆弱性。A選項(xiàng)“Becauseitiscomplex”雖然平衡復(fù)雜，但“delicate”更強(qiáng)調(diào)其脆弱易破。B選項(xiàng)“Becauseitisself-correcting”與“delicate”所暗示的易受干擾不符。D選項(xiàng)“Becauseitisslowtochange”描述了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)，但與“delicate”直接關(guān)聯(lián)不大。11.(B)Afocusonempathyandemployeewell-beingalongsidetraditionalauthority.**解析思路：*文章第三段明確對(duì)比了“traditionalauthority”（傳統(tǒng)權(quán)威）和“contemporaryempathy”（當(dāng)代同理心），指出現(xiàn)代有效領(lǐng)導(dǎo)需要“anuancedblend”（精妙的結(jié)合）?！癟hisshifttowardsamorehuman-centricapproach”（這種轉(zhuǎn)向更加以人為本的方法）具體指的就是從單純強(qiáng)調(diào)權(quán)威轉(zhuǎn)向同時(shí)關(guān)注員工感受和福祉。B選項(xiàng)概括了這一點(diǎn)，即強(qiáng)調(diào)同理心和員工福祉，并與傳統(tǒng)權(quán)威并列。A選項(xiàng)“Emphasisoncreativity”可能是現(xiàn)代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的一部分，但非與權(quán)威對(duì)比的核心轉(zhuǎn)變。C選項(xiàng)“Reductionindecision-makingpower”與文意相反。D選項(xiàng)“Relianceontechnology”是現(xiàn)代工作環(huán)境的特點(diǎn)，但不是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式的核心區(qū)別。12.(A)Becausemotivated,engagedemployeesarefarmoreproductiveandinnovative.**解析思路：*文章第三段解釋了關(guān)注員工福祉的重要性時(shí)，明確提到，“motivated,engagedemployeesarefarmoreproductiveandinnovativethanthosewhofeelundervaluedordisengaged”（有動(dòng)力、參與度高的員工比那些感到不被重視或參與度低的員工要productive和innovative得多）。這與A選項(xiàng)的表述一致。B選項(xiàng)“Becauseitimprovescompanyimage”可能是間接影響，但文章強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)生產(chǎn)力的直接影響。C選項(xiàng)“Becauseitreducesturnoverrates”也是可能的結(jié)果，但文章的核心論點(diǎn)是提升生產(chǎn)力和創(chuàng)新。D選項(xiàng)“Becauseitalignswithethicalstandards”是背景，但非直接原因。13.(A)Anenvironmentwhereteammembersfeelsafetoexpressopinionsandtakeriskswithoutfearofnegativeconsequences.**解析思路：*文章第三段提到，“l(fā)eaderswhofosteropencommunicationchannels,encouragecollaboration,andprovidepsychologicalsafetyallowtheirteams...totakecalculatedrisksandlearnfromfailures”（提供心理安全的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者...允許團(tuán)隊(duì)...承擔(dān)經(jīng)過(guò)計(jì)算的冒險(xiǎn)并從失敗中學(xué)習(xí)）。結(jié)合上下文，“psychologicalsafety”指的是一種讓團(tuán)隊(duì)成員敢于表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)、承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)而不用擔(dān)心負(fù)面后果的工作環(huán)境。A選項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)確概括了這層含義。B選項(xiàng)“Jobsecurity”可能相關(guān)，但不夠全面。C選項(xiàng)“Work-lifebalance”是員工關(guān)心的問(wèn)題，但非心理安全的定義。D選項(xiàng)“Teamcohesion”是結(jié)果之一，但非定義本身。14.(B)Itallowsforlearningfromfailuresandencouragesinnovation.**解析思路：*文章第三段解釋了提供心理安全的好處時(shí)提到，“allowtheirteamstotakecalculatedrisksandlearnfromfailures,whicharecrucialcomponentsofadynamicandadaptiveorganization”（允許團(tuán)隊(duì)承擔(dān)經(jīng)過(guò)計(jì)算的冒險(xiǎn)并從失敗中學(xué)習(xí)，這些都是充滿活力和適應(yīng)性的組織的關(guān)鍵組成部分）。這表明允許承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能夠帶來(lái)從失敗中學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)，從而促進(jìn)創(chuàng)新。B選項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)確概括了這一點(diǎn)。A選項(xiàng)“Increasedefficiency”可能是結(jié)果之一，但“l(fā)earningfromfailures”是更具體的機(jī)制。C選項(xiàng)“Enhancedmorale”也是可能的結(jié)果，但核心機(jī)制是學(xué)習(xí)和創(chuàng)新。D選項(xiàng)“Improvedcommunication”是手段，而非主要目的。15.(B)Abletowithstandandrecoverquicklyfromdifficulties.**解析思路：*文章第三段最后提到，這種以人為本的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式能建立“stronger,moreresilientteams”（更強(qiáng)壯、更有彈性的團(tuán)隊(duì)）。結(jié)合上下文，這些團(tuán)隊(duì)需要能夠應(yīng)對(duì)“theinherentcomplexitiesanduncertaintiesofthecontemporarybusinessenvironment”（當(dāng)代商業(yè)環(huán)境固有的復(fù)雜性和不確定性）。因此，“resilient”在這里指團(tuán)隊(duì)具備在困難中堅(jiān)持并快速恢復(fù)的能力。B選項(xiàng)“abletowithstandandrecoverquicklyfromdifficulties”（能夠在困難中堅(jiān)持并快速恢復(fù)）準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)了此意。A選項(xiàng)“flexible”意為靈活，是彈性的一部分，但不夠全面。C選項(xiàng)“resourceful”意為足智多謀，也是優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但非“resilient”的核心含義。D選項(xiàng)“dependable”意為可靠，與“resilient”強(qiáng)調(diào)的應(yīng)對(duì)沖擊和恢復(fù)能力不同。16.(A)complications**解析思路：*句子表達(dá)的是盡管有困難，他們?nèi)岳^續(xù)前行?！癉espitetheheavyrain”表明存在障礙，“continuetotheirjourneyonfoot”表明克服了困難。因此，空格處應(yīng)填入表示困難的詞語(yǔ)?！癱omplications”（復(fù)雜情況，困難）符合語(yǔ)境。simplicity（簡(jiǎn)單性）與語(yǔ)境相反。approval（批準(zhǔn)）和initiation（開(kāi)始）在此處語(yǔ)義不通。17.(B)contradiction**解析思路：*句子討論的是“l(fā)ove”（愛(ài)）和“ambition”（野心）之間的關(guān)系。“revolvesaroundthecomplex...between...”表明兩者之間存在復(fù)雜的關(guān)系?！癱ontradiction”（矛盾，沖突）準(zhǔn)確地描述了愛(ài)（通常強(qiáng)調(diào)情感、奉獻(xiàn)）與野心（可能強(qiáng)調(diào)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、個(gè)人成就）之間常常存在的沖突或不一致。indifference（冷漠）不符。exacerbation（加?。┦菭顟B(tài)，不是關(guān)系本身。correlation（關(guān)聯(lián)）可能存在，但往往不一定是“complexcontradiction”（復(fù)雜的矛盾）。18.(B)naive**解析思路：*句子表達(dá)的是“itwouldbe”某種態(tài)度來(lái)假設(shè)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)必然帶來(lái)生活改善?！癮ssumethateconomicgrowthautomaticallyleadstoimprovedlivingstandards”是一種過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單的看法，忽略了可能存在的分配不均、通貨膨脹等問(wèn)題。因此，這種態(tài)度是“naive”（天真的，不成熟的）。prudent（謹(jǐn)慎的）與輕易假設(shè)相反。ambiguous（模糊的）描述的是假設(shè)內(nèi)容，而非態(tài)度。contingent（有條件的）雖然可以修飾假設(shè)，但“naive”更直接地批評(píng)了假設(shè)本身的簡(jiǎn)單性。19.(A)substantiated**解析思路：*句子描述考古學(xué)家的發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)“along-standingdebate”（長(zhǎng)期存在的爭(zhēng)論）產(chǎn)生的影響?！癴indings______adebate”表明發(fā)現(xiàn)支持了爭(zhēng)論的一方的觀點(diǎn)?！皊ubstantiated”（證實(shí)，支持）符合語(yǔ)境，意為發(fā)現(xiàn)證實(shí)了該爭(zhēng)論的某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。complicated（使復(fù)雜）和ignored（忽視）與“findings”的作用不符。postponed（推遲）描述的是爭(zhēng)論的狀態(tài)變化，而非發(fā)現(xiàn)的作用。20.(C)profound**解析思路：*句子描述演員表演的效果，“so______thattheaudiencewasmovedtosilence”。表演如此厲害，以至于觀眾沉默了?！皃rofound”（深刻的，感人的）最能解釋這種效果，表明表演觸及了觀眾內(nèi)心，引起了深深的感動(dòng)。tepid（不熱情的，冷淡的）與表演效果相反。convoluted（復(fù)雜的，難懂的）描述的是表達(dá)，而非效果。nominal（名義上的，小的）形容程度輕，與“so...that”的強(qiáng)烈效果不符。21.(A)convoluted**解析思路：*句子描述解釋“somewhat______,failingtofullyaddressthecoreissues”（多少有點(diǎn)...，未能充分解決核心問(wèn)題）。解釋本身是“somewhat”（有點(diǎn)）有問(wèn)題，導(dǎo)致了未能解決問(wèn)題。“convoluted”（復(fù)雜的，繞彎的）符合語(yǔ)境，指解釋過(guò)于復(fù)雜、不清晰，導(dǎo)致問(wèn)題沒(méi)解決。plausible（看似合理的）與“failingtoaddress”矛盾。succinct（簡(jiǎn)潔的）與問(wèn)題不符。definitive（權(quán)威性的）是好的解釋?xiě)?yīng)有的特點(diǎn)，與問(wèn)題不符。22.(C)curtail**解析思路：*句子描述政府采取措施“to______thespreadoftheinfectiousdisease”（限制傳染病的傳播）?！癷mplementstrictregulations”（實(shí)施嚴(yán)格規(guī)定）是措施，“curtail”（限制，削減）是措施要達(dá)到的目的，即減少傳播。mitigate（減輕）程度可能不夠強(qiáng)。augment（增加）與目的相反。exacerbate（加劇）是政府不希望看到的情況。23.(B)encyclopedic**解析思路：*句子描述她對(duì)國(guó)際關(guān)系的“knowledge”（知識(shí)），“builtuponyearsofdedicatedstudyandtravel”（建立在多年的專注學(xué)習(xí)和旅行之上）。這種知識(shí)體系非常廣泛和全面?！癳ncyclopedic”（百科全書(shū)式的，淵博的）符合語(yǔ)境，形容知識(shí)范圍廣、系統(tǒng)。superficial（表面的）與“dedicatedstudy”矛盾。marginal（邊緣的，不重要的）與知識(shí)量不符。preliminary（初步的）與“yearsofstudy”矛盾。24.(C)vivid**解析思路：*句子描述舊照片的作用，“provideda______glimpseintothefamily'shistory”（提供了一段...的洞察）。照片應(yīng)該是生動(dòng)、清晰的，讓過(guò)去的事情仿佛重現(xiàn)?！皏ivid”（生動(dòng)的，清晰的）符合語(yǔ)境，形容照片能帶來(lái)逼真的回憶。tenuous（微弱的，不牢固的）形容連接或證據(jù)，不適用于描述照片效果。fleeting（短暫的）形容瞬間，與照片的持久性不符。ambiguous（模糊的）形容不清晰，與照片應(yīng)有的效果相反。25.(C)oversubscribed**解析思路：*句子描述會(huì)議的情況，“was______duetooverwhelminginterestandrapidticketsales”（由于壓倒性的興趣和快速的售票而...）。overwhelminginterest和rapidsales意味著需求遠(yuǎn)大于供給?！皁versubscribed”（超額預(yù)訂的，供不應(yīng)求的）符合語(yǔ)境，形容會(huì)議票賣得比能提供的還多。underwhelming（令人失望的）與興趣高漲相反。ill-conceived（構(gòu)想不佳的）形容會(huì)議本身，而非售票情況。prematurelyended（過(guò)早結(jié)束的）描述的是會(huì)議狀態(tài)，而非售票情況。26.(B)