一.Wha[isthethemeofBeowulf?

Thematicallythepoempresentsavividpictureofhowtheprimitivepeople

wageheroicstrugglesagainstthehostiIeforcesofthenaturaIworIdunder

awiseandmightyleader0ThepoemisanexampIeofthemingIingofnature

mythsandheroiclegends.

二。WiIIiamShakespeare(i)Namehisfourgreatesttracedies。⑵Whatare

thecharacteristicsofthefourtragediesircommon?(3)Brieflysummarize

eachhero'sweaknessofnature。

1.Shakespeare'sfourgreatesttragediesare:Hamlet,OtheIIo,Kinglear,and

Macbeth.2OEachportrayssomenobIehero,whofacestheinjusticeofhuman

IifeandiscaughtinadifficultsituationandwhosefateiscIoseIy

connectedwiththefateofthewholenation.3.Eachherohashisweakness

ofnature;theoldkingLearwhoisunwiIIingtototaIlygiveuphispower;and

MacbethJsIustforpowerstirsuphisambitionandIeadshimtoincessant

crimes

三.trytodiscussWilliamShakespeare'sartofcreations。

1oShakespeare?smajorcharactersareneithermereIyindividuaIonesnor

typeones;theyareindividuaIsrepresentingcertaintypesoeachcharacter

hashisorherownpersonaIities;meanwhiIe,theymaysharefeatureswith

otherso2.Byapplyingapsycho-anaIyticaIapproach,Shakespearesucceeds

,

inexploringthecharactersinnermind。3OShakespeareseldominventshis

ownplots;instead,heborrowsthemfromsomeoIdpIaysorstorybooks,orfrom

ancientGreekandRomansourceso40Inhiswritings,disguiseisaIsoan

importantdevicetocreatedramaticirony,usuallywithwomandisguisedas

mano5.Heoftenwroteskillfullyindifferentpoeticforms,Iikethe

sonnet,thebIankverse,andtherhymedcouplet.

四。BrieflydiscusswhyHamletiss。impressiveinShakespeare'sHamlet.

1oTheheroHamletinShakespesareispIayHamletisnotedforhishesition

totakehisrevenge,hismeIanchoIynatureofactiononlytodeny

possibiIitiestodoanythingo2OHecametoknowthathisfatherwasmurdered

byhisuncIewhobecameking.HehatedhimsodeepIythathewantedtokill

himoButhelovedhiswidowedmotherwhoIatermarriedhisuncle.Thismade

himdeepintroubIe.

3.WhenhepIannedtokillhisuncIe,hewasafraidtohurthismothero

AndaIso,wheneverythingwasreadyforhimtokillhisuncIe,heforgave

himforhisuncIewasprayingtoGodforhiscrime0ThusheIostgoodchance.4O

Hamletrepresentedhumanismofhistime。

五。WhyisJohnMiltonthegreatestwriterofhistime?

Inhislife,MiItonshowshimseIfareaIrevoIutionary,amasterpoetand

agreatprosewriter.HefoughtforfreedominaIIaspectsasaChristian

humanist,whilehisachievementsinIiteraturemakehimtoweroveraIIthe

otherEngIishwritersofhistimeandexertagreatinfIuenceoverIater

oneso

六Accordingtothesettingofthepoem“ParadiseLost,“discussthe

theme,theauthor'sintensiontocreateitandtheimpIicationthatthepoem

expresses.

1.Thethemeofthepoem“ParadiseLost“isthe"FaIIofMan,"i.e。mans

disobedienceandtheIossofParadise,withitsprime

cause---------Satan.2.Theathor'sintentiontowritethispoemistoexpose

thewaysofSatanto“justifythewaysofGodtomen."3。Inthispoem,the

authorimpIicitlyexpresseshisfundamentaIconcernwithfreedomandchoice

andhisbeIiefthattheunquestionabIetruthofbibIicalrevelationmeans

thatanaII-knowingGodwasjustinallowingAdamandevetobetempted

andoftheirfreewiIItochoosesinanditsinevitablepunishmento

一.DiscussCrusoe,theprotagonistofthenovel,asanembodimentofthe

risingmiddle-classvirtuesinthemid?—eighteenthcenturyEngland。

A.SociaIbackground:TheEighteenthCenturyEnglandwitnessedthegrowing

importanceofthebourgeoisormiddlecIass.a。TheIndustriaI

Revolution;b.Theexpansionofinternationalmarkets;coVaIuesdifferent

fromthoseofthefeudaIaristocraticcIass-courageous,fuIIofenergy,

hardworking,practicaI,resourceful,selfreIiant,etc.d.Literatureshould

giveareaIisticpresentationoftheIifeofthecommonpeopIe;itshouId

meettheinterestofthemiddlecIasspeopIe.B.RobinsonCrusoeembodiesthe

virtuesofthemiddleclasspeople.aoCrusoeasanadventurousmanfuIIof

energyandcourageb.Crusoeasapracticalmanc.CrusoeasaresourcefuI

mandoCrusoeasapatientmano

DiscusswhyRobinsonCrusebecamesosuccessfulwhenitwaspublished?

(DanielDefoe)

1oRobisonCrusoeissupposedIybasedonthereaIadventureofanAlexander

SelkirkwhooncestayedaIoneontheuninhabitedisIandforfive

years.ActuaIIy,thestoryisanimagination.2OInRobisonCrusoe,Defoetraces

thegrowthofRobisonfromanaiveandartIessyouthintoashrewdand

hardenedman,temperedbynumeroustrialsinhiseventfuIIife.3.Inthe

noveI,RobisonisareaIheroandheisanembodimentoftherising

middle—cIassvirtuesinthemid—eighteenthcenturyEngIando4.Robison

Crusoeisanadventurestoryverymuchinthespiritofthetime。Because

oftheabovereasons,whenitwaspubIished,peopleaIIIikedthatstory,and

itbecameanimmediatesuccess.

一.Explainwhyheclenchedhisfingerssohardthathebrokethefragile

cup。(JohnGaIsworthy,ThemarofProperty)

1ohehadneverknown,wouIdneverknowwhatshewasthinking.thesightof

herinscrutabIeface,thethoughtofaIIthehundredsofeveningshehadseen

hersittingthereIikethatsoftandpassive,butso

unreadable,unknown,enragedhimbeyondmeasure.

一。ByanalyzingthepoemsbyPercyByssheSheIley,discusshisartofpoems.

1oPercyByssheSheIIyisanintenseandoriginaIlyricalpoetintheEngIish

language。2.HispoemsarefuIIofcIassicaIandmythologicalallusions.3。

Hisstyleaboundsinpersonificationandmetaphorandotherfiguresof

speech.4oHedescribesvividlywhatweseeandfeeI,orexpresswhat

parsionateIymovesuso

Basedonherwritings,discussJaneAustenisgreatestcontribution

toEnglishliterature。

1.JaneAustenisoneofthemostimportantRomanticnoveIistsinEnglish

IiteratureoShecreatessixinfIuentiaInovelso2OHermainIitearyconcern

isabouthumanbeingsintheirpersonaIrelationships,whichmakehernoveIs

haveauniver—saIsignificanceo3.JaneAustenhasbroughttheEnglishnoveI,

asanartofform,toismaturitybecauseofhersensitivitytouniversal

pat-ternsofhumanbehaviorandheraccurateportrayaIofhumanindividualso

4OShedescribestheworIdfromawomanispointofview,anddepictsagroup

ofauthenticandcommonwomeno

一.HowdoyouunderstandthatDicKensisthegreatestcriticalreaIistwriter

oftheVictorianAge?

1.Inhisworks,DickenssetsoutafuIImapandaIarge-scaIecriticism

ofthenineteenthcenturyEnglandoItishisseriousintensiontoexpose

andcriticizeinhisworksaIIthepoverty,injustice,hypocrisyand

corruptnessheseesaroundhim2.Withhisfirstsentence,Dickensengagesthe

readersattentionandhoIdsittotheendo3.Thesettingsofhishavean

extraordinaryvividnesso4.InIanguage,HeisoftencomparedwithShakespeare

forhisadeptnesswiththevernacuIarandlargevocabuIary.5。

Character-portravaIisthemostdistinguishingfeatureofhis

works.6.DickensworksareaIsocharacterizedbyamingIingofhumorand

pathoso

一，DiscussDickensisartofnovels:thesetting,thelanguage,andthe

characters,etc,basedorhisnovelOliverTwist。

1oHeusesamixtureofthecontemporaryandrecollectedpastashisfictional

settingSo2.Withhisfirstsentence,heengagesthereaderisattentionand

holdsittotheend.3。Hisbest—depicts

charactersarethoseinnocent.virtuous,persecuted,helplesschildcharacterssuchas01iverTwist.4.Thefigures

thathedepicted,markedoutbysomepeculiarityinphysical,speechor

manner,arebothtypesandindi-viduaIs.5oDickenisworksareaiso

characterizedbyamingIingofhumorandpathoso6OAdeptwiththevernacuaIar

andlargevocabuIary,hebringsoutmanyawonderfuIverbaIpictureofman

andscene

一\Explairwhytheboy[01iverTwist]startedfirst,thentrembledviolentIy

andburstintotearswhenthewordswerekindlysaid.?,(Charles

Dickens,01iveTwist)

1oTheboystartedatthewordsbecausekindwordswerenotexpected;itis

(was)thefirsttimeinaIIhisIifethattheboy(0IiverTwist)hadever

beenkindlygreeted;Yet,tohimstrangesoundsmaypredictsufferingo

一。DoyouthinkHeathciff'saboveaccusationofCatherine'sbetrayalcan

bejustified?Ifyouthinkso,whatreasonsdoesCatherinehavetobetray

heathcliffandtheirlove?

AoHeathcIiff'saccusationcanbejustified0BoThereasonsofherbetrayaI

maybe:(1)ThefancyshefeltforIinton,spleasantpersonality,hisrich

knowIedge,andhiseIegantmanners。(2)HervaingIorymadeherdesireakind

ofuppercIassIifeandsociaIstatus.(3)Shewasafraidthatshemightsuffer

povertyandbedegradedifshehadgotmarriedtoHeathecIiff0(4)Shefaneied

ifshegotmarriedtoIinton,shemighthavethemeanstoheIpheathecIiff

ingettingagoodeducationandbecomingagentIemansothattheycouIdbe

unitedwithoutbeingdegradedo

一\WhyisJaneEyrebyCharlotteBronteasuccessfulnovel?

.1.Thestoryopenswiththetitularheroine,JaneEyre,aplainIittIe

orphano2oThisnoveIsharpIycriticizetheexistingsociety,e.gothe

religioushypocrisyofcharityinstitutions,thesociaIdiscrimi——nation

JaneexperiencesandthefaIsesocialconventionasconcerningloveand

marriageo

3.ThesuccessofthenoveIisaIsoduetoitsintroductiontotheEngIish

noveIthefirstgovernessheroineJaneEyreo4.11isanintensemoraIfabIe

atthesametime.Jans,IikeMroRochester,hastoundergoaseriesofphysical

andmor-aIteststogrowupandachieveherfinalhappinesso

一.BasedonJaneEyrebyCharlotteBronte,discussthethemeofherworks,

theimageofwomanprotagonistsardthecomprehensivesenseforcontemporary

society。

1oCharlotte'sworksareaIIaboutthestruggleofanindividual

consciousnesstowardsseIf-reaIization,aboutsomeIoneIyandneglected

youngwomenwithafiercelongingforIove,understandingandafuII,happy

Iife.2.AlIherheroines,highestjoysarisesfromsomesacrificeofseIf

orsomehumanweaknessovercome。3.Theimageofwomanprotagonistsinher

worksaremostIythatofthemiddle——cIassworkingwomen,particuIarIy

governesseswithstrongfeelings,fierypassionsandsomeextraordinary

personaIities.4.HerworkspresentavividreaIisticpictureoftheEnglish

societybyexposingthecruelty,hypocrisyandotherevilsoftheupper

cIasses,andbyshowingthemiseryandsufferingofthepoor.EspeciaIIyin

JaneEyre,shesharpIycriticizestheexistingsociety,eogoreligious

hypocrisyofcharityinstitutions.

一.AnalyzethecharacterofJaneEyrebasedortheselectiontakenfrom

chapterxx3ofJaneeyre.

1oJaneEyre,anorphanchildwithafieryspiritandalongingtolove

andbeloved,apoor,plain,IittIegovernesswhodarestolovehermastero

20InChapterXX3,JanefindsherseIfhopeIessIyinIovewithMr.Rochester

batsheisawarethatherIoveisoutofthequestion.Whenforcedtoconfront

MroRochester,shedesperateIdandopenIydecIaresherequaIitywithhim

andIoveforhim.

\HowarenaturalismardcriticismreflectedinHardy'snovels?

1.Inhisworks,manisshowninevitablyboundbyhisowninherentnatureand

hereditarytraitswhichprompthimtogoandsearchforsomespecific

happinessorsuccessandsethiminconfIictwiththeenvironment.Theoutside

naturethenaturaIenvironmentornatureherseIf------isshownassome

mysterioussupernaturaIforce,verypowerfuIbuthaIf-bIind,impuIsiveand

J

uncaringtorheindividualswill,hope,passionorsufferingo2.Though

naturaIismseemstohavepIayedanimportantpartinHary'sworks,there

isalsobitterandsharpcriticismandevenopenchaIIengeofthe

irrationaI,hypocriticaIandunfairVictorianinstitutions,conventionsand

moraIswhichstrangletheindividualwiIIanddestroynaturaIhumanemotions

andrelationshipso

一TrytodiscussthefateofTessinthiswork。ThomasHardy

Tessisabeautiful,innocentpeasantgirIothepovertyofthefamilyforces

hertocIaimkinshipwiththeshambutrichUrberviIIesoAlec,theyoungmaster

oftheUrberviIIes,adandy,seducesTessandimpregnatesher.Tessreturns

homeandIatergivesbirthtoababy,whodiessoonopeople'sopinionforces

TesstoIeavehometoworkonadairyfarm,thereshemeetsAngeIClare,son

ofaclergyman.ThetwofalIinlovewitheachotheroOntheirweddingnight,

AnglemakesaconfessionabouthispastdissipationandreadiIyforgiven

byTess,butwhenTessreveaIsherownpast,AngeIjustwouldn,tforgive

heranddesertsherthatverynightoheIpIessandhopeIess,Tesshastowander

frompIacetopIace,doingthehardestworkandbearingtheharshestinsulto

whenherfatherysdeathtransfersthewholeburdenofthefamiIyonher,

sheisforcedtogobacktoAlec,nowapreacherobeforeIong,therepentant

AngeIreturnsfromabroad,Tess,puttingaIIthebIamesofherunhappiness

onAlec,killshimoshefleeswithAngeIbutiscaughtbythepoliceand

hanged.HardycreatedtheheroineTessinTessoftheDurberviIIesjustto

criticizethesocietyinhistime.Tessisatragicpersonsimplybecause

sheisnotacceptedbythesocietyinwhichagricuItureismenacedbythe

forcesofinvadingcapitaIismosoinaway,wesay,Tess'sfateisdecided

byhersociety

一.ItissaidthatB。Shaw'splay,Mrs.Warren'sProfession,hasastrong

realistictheme,whichfullyreflectsthedramatist'sFabianistidea。

Trytosummarizethisthemebriefly.

AoAsoneoftheinfIuentiaImembersoftheFabianSociety,Shawregarded

theestabIishmentofsociaIismbytheemancipationofIandandindustriaI

capitaIfromindividualandcIassownershipasthefinalgoaIoBoAsa

realisticdramatist,hetookthemodernsocialissuesashissubjectso

MostofhispIaysareconcernedwithpolitical,economic,moraI,orreIigious

J

probIems.C.MrsoWarrensprofessionisapIayabouttheeconomicoppression

ofwomen.

一。BriefthefeaturesofBernardshaw飛works.

1oHisplaywrightshaveavarietyofsubjects.Hisearlyplaysweremainly

concernedwitthsociaIprobIemsanddirect-edtowardsthecritcismofthe

contemporarysociaI,economic,moraIandreIigiouseviIs.2.Stucturallyand

thematicaIIy,ShawfoIIowedthegreattraditionsofreaIism.AsareaIistic

dramatist,hetookthemod-ernsocialissuesashissubjectswiththeaim

ofdirectingsociaIreforms.3.OnefeatureofShawischaracterizationis

thatmakesthetrickofshowinguponecharactervividlyattheexpenseof

another.AnotherfeatureisthatShawischaractersaretherepresentatives

ofideasandpointsofviewo4OMuchofShaviandramaisconstrucedaround

theinversionofaconventionaItheatricaIsituation。

一\BasedonHawthorneisworkTheScarletLetter,discussthecharacters

ofhiswritings。

1.ThestructureandtheformofhiswritingsarealwayscarefuIIyworked

outtocaterforthethematicconcerno20HeisgoodatexpIoringthe

compIexityofhumanpsychoiogyo3.Thereisntmuchaction,orphysicaI

movementgoingoninhisworks.4.Heemphasizespsychologicalaspectofhuman

beings.5OThesymbolCanbefoundeverywhereinhiswritingo6OHiswriting

isusuaIIyambiguousfortheindrniteinterpretationofsymboIs.

whatisthethemeof"the“YoungGoodmanBrown"？Giveexamplesfrom

thestorytoshowhawthorne'smasterfuluseofsymbolism。

Thethemeofthestoryistheconcernofguitandevil.Takethenameof

thehero,brownforexampIe.itstandsforeverymaminthesocietyo

一oTrytodiscussthethemeofYoungGoodmanBrowno(NathanielHawthorne)

1oYoungGoodmanBrownisessentiallyanallegory0Itisconcernedwith

ayoungpuritanwhoattendsawitches'Sabbathinthewoods.2.Browning?s

poetryisnoteasytoread.Hisrhythmsareoftentoofast,tooroughand

unmusicaI.ThesyntaxisususIIycIippedandhighlycompressedoThesimiles

andiIIustrationsappeartooprofuseIy.3.ThealIusionsandimpIications

aresometimesoddandfarfetched.AlIthismakesuphisobscurity.4OThere

areabundantmetaphorsinhispoems.0Whitisagiantofamericanletters。

discusswhitman'sartofpoem;thelanguage,thecharacters,etc。

1.Whitman'spoeticstyIeismarkedbytheuseofthepoeticT'2.Whathe

prefersforhisnewsubjectandnewpoeticfeeIingsis”freeverse,"that

is,poetrywithoutafixedbeatorreguIarrhymescheme.3OWhitman'spoetry

isrelativelysimpleandevenrathercrude。4。Mostofthepictureshepainted

withwordsarehonest,undistortedimagesofdifferentaspectsofamerica

oftheday.

一.。whatarethefeaturesofwhitman'spoetry?

1oHispoeticstyIeismarkedbytheuseofthepoetic"I”2.Headopted

“freeverse”,poetry,withoutafixedbeatorreguIarrhymeschemeo3OThe

imageinhispoemsareunconventiona1.4.HeusesoraIEnglisho5.His

vocabuIaryisamazing.6OParaIIeIismandphoneticrecurrenceareusedat

thebeginningoflines。

一\TrytodiscussthesymbolisminMoby——Dickbook.(Melville)

1o11isamixtureoffantasyandreaIismbasedupontheSouthPacificwhaIing

industry.11mightbereadasaninitia-yionstoryaboutIshmaeI,theoutcast,

findinghimselfinareaIwordofhardworkanddangerandunreaIworIdof

speculationandmystery。2OItisafabulousdramatizationofAhabisobsessed

determinationtorevengehimselfinthepursuitofoneparticularwhaIewho

haspreviousIydestroyedhisboatandhumiIiatedhimbyrippingoffoneof

hisIegSoThebookhassooftenbeeninterpretedinsomanyways,aIIegoricaIIy

andsymboIicaIIyo3OMaIviIIeisamasterofaIIegoryandsymboIism.Instead

ofputtingthebattlebetweenAhabandthebigwhaIeintosim-pIe

statements,usedsymbols,thatis,objectsorpersonswhorepresentsomething

eIseoDifferentpropIeonboardtheshiparerepresentationsofdifferent

ideasanddifferentsociaIandethnicgroups;factsbecomesymbolsand

incidentsac-quireuniversaImeanings;thePequodisthemicrocosmofhuman

societyandthevoyagebecomesasearchfortruthoThewhitewhaIe,Moby

Dick,symbolizesnaturenforMeIviIIe,foritiscompIex,unfathomabIe,

maIignant,andbeautifuIasweI1.4OForthecharacterAhab,however,thewhaIe

onIyrepresentseviIoMobyDickisIikeawall,hidingsomeunknown,

mys—teriousthingsbehind.FortheauthorasweIIasforthereaderand

IshmeIthenarrator,MobyDickisamystery,anu11i-matemysteryofthe

universe,andthevoyageofthemindwiIIforeverremainasearch,nota

discovery,ofthetruthoThewholestoryturnsouttobeasymbolicvoyage

ofthemindinquestoftruthandknowledgeoftheuniverse,aspirituaI

expIorationintomanisdeepreaIityandpsychoIogy.

\DiscussthewaysymbolismisusedinMelville'sMoby-Dick.

1oToAhab,thewhaIeiseitheraneviIcreatureitselfortheagentofan

eviIforcethatcontroIstheuniverse,orperhapsbothothechaseofthewhite

whaIesymbolizesAhab'spursuitoftruthandfightingagainsttheeviI

power.2OToIshmael,thewhaIeisanastonishingforce,animmensepower,

whichdefiesrationalexpIanationduetoasenseofmysteryitcarries.3.It

aIsorepresentsthetremendousorganicvitalityoftheuniverse.4OTothe

readers,thewhaIecanbeviewedasasymboIofthephysicaIIimitsthat

Iifeimposesuponmano5。11mayaIsoberegardedasasymboIofnature。

Attheendofthechapter,theauthorsays”------thegreatshroudofthe

searoIledonasitrolledfivethousandyearsago?！盚eretheseasymboIizes

naturethatremainsmovingbutunmoved.

一.WhatmakesMarkTwain'stheadventuresofHuckleberryFirnmorethan

achiId'sadventurestory?BriefIydiscussthequestionfromthreeofthe

followingaspects:thesetting,thelanguage,thecharacter,thethemeandthe

styIe.

A.Setting:InthenoveIMarkTwainrecreatesasmaIItownworIdofAmerica

andpresentstheIocaIcolor°B.Language;Heusessimple,directIanguage

faithfuItothecoIIoquiaIspeech,thevernacularIanguageoftheIocaIpeopIe.

C,Characters:TheauthorrecreatestworebeIsandfugitivesrunningaway

fromcivilization,especiallyHuckIeberryFinn,aninnocentboywhorefuses

toaccepttheconventionalviIIagemoraIity0E.Style;thenoveIempIoys

ahumorousstyIeofnarrationandisaIsohighlysymboIicwiththecentraI

symboloD;Theme;ThenoveIisacriticismofsociaIinjustice,hypocrisy,

conservativenessandnarrow-mindednessoftheAmericansmaIItownsociety。

IrAmericanliteraturewhatisthesignificanceofAdventuresof

HuckleberryFinnbyMarkTwain?

1.ThenoveIiswritteninaIanguagethatistotaIIydifferentfromthe

rhetoricaIlanguageusedbyEmerson,poeandMelvilleoItisnot

grand,pompous,butsimple,direct,lucid,andfaithfultothecolloquial

speecho2OThegreatstrenghthofthebookaIsocomesfromtheshapegive

toitbythecourseoftheraftisjourneydowntheMis—sissippiasHuck

andJimseektheirdifferentkindsoffreedom.3OTheprofoundportraitof

HuckIeberryFinnisanothergreatcontributionofthebooktotheIegacy

ofAmericanliterature。

一。DiscusstheheroHuckleberryFinn(MarkTwain)

ThAdventureofHuckIeberryFinnisbestknownforMarkTwainI'swonderfuI

characterizationof“Huck"，atypicaIAmericanboy.Theauthordescribes

himasaboywith“asoundheartandadeformedconscience,“andthenoveI

isremarkabIefortheraft'sjourneydowntheMississippiriver,whichTwain

usedbothreaIisticaIlyandsymboIicallyoThenoveIbeginswithadescription

ofhowWidowDouglasattrmptstociviIizeHuckandendswithhimdeciding

nottoIetsuchcivilizationhappenagainatthehandsofauntSalIyoThe

cIimaxariseawithHuck'sinnerstruggIeontheMississippi,whenHuckis

polarizedbythetwoopposingforcesbetweenhisheartandhishead,between

hisaffectionforJimandtheIawsofhesocietyagainstthosewhoheIpsIaves

,

escapeoHucksfinaldecision—tofollowhisowngood-heartedmoraI

impuIseratherthanconventionaIviIIagemoraIity-amountstoavindication

ofwhatMarkTwaincaIIedrthedamnedhumanrace,"damnedforitscomfortabIe

hypocrisies,itsthoroughgoingdishonesties,anditspervasive

cruelties,itsthoroughgoingdishonesties,anditspervasivecrueltieso

withtheeventuaIvictoryofhismoralconscienceoverhiscociaIawareness,

Huckgrows.HuckisnotonlyalovelyboyinthenoveI,butaIsoaportrait

standingfortheyoungAmericao

一。.BasedonhisworkDaisyMiIIer,briefIydicusswhy,HerryJamesachieved

thisglory.

1.JamessfamegeneraIIyrestsuponhisnoveIsandstorieswiththe

internationaItheme.2OHenryJamesIiterarycriticismisanjndispensabIe

partofhiscontributiontoIiterature.Itisbothconcernedwithformand

devotedtohumanvaIues.3.Jamesemphasisonpsychologyandonthehuman

consciousnessprovestobeabigbreakthroughinnoveIwritingandhasgreat

infIuenceonthecominggenerationso4.HenryJamesisnotonIyoneofthe

mostimportantreaIistsoftheperiodbeforetheFirstWorIdWar,butaIso

themostexpertstyIistofhistimes。

一\WhatisthemostfamousthemeinHenryJames'sfiction?andwhatishis

favouriteapproachincharacterization,whichmakeshimdifferentfromMark

TwainandW.D,Howe