【英語(yǔ)】高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解(教育文化)技巧(很有用)及練習(xí)題一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解教育文化類1．閱讀理解

Bynowyou'veprobablyheardaboutthe"you'renotspecial"speech,whenEnglishteacherDavidMcCulloughtoldgraduatingseniorsatWellesleyHighSchool:"Donotgettheideayou'reanythingspecial,becauseyou'renot."Mothersandfatherspresentattheceremony一andawholelotofotherparentsacrosstheInternet—tookissuewithMcCullough'sego-puncturing(傷自尊的)words.Butlostintheuproar(喧囂)wassomethingwereallyshouldbetakingtoheart:ouryoungpeopleactuallyhavenoideawhetherthey'reparticularlytalentedoraccomplishedornot.Inoureagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesstheirownabilities,acrucialrequirementforgettingbetteratanythingfrommathtomusictosports.Infact,it'snotjustprivilegedhigh-schoolstudents:wealltendtoviewourselvesasaboveaverage.

Suchinflatedself-judgmentshavebeenfoundinstudyafterstudyandit'softenexactlywhenwe'releastcompetentatagiventaskthatwerateourperformancemostgenerously,ina2006studypublishedinthejournalMedicalEducation,forexample,medicalstudentswhoscoredthelowestonanessaytestwerethemostcharitableintheirselfevaluations,whilehigh-scoringstudentsjudgedthemselvesmuchmorestrictly.Poorstudents,theauthorsnote,"lackinsight"intotheirowninadequacy.Whyshouldthisbe?Anotherstudy,ledbyCornellUniversitypsychologistDavidDunning,offersanenlighteningexplanation.Peoplewhoareincompetent,hewriteswithcoauthorJustinKruger,sufferfroma“dualburden":they'renotgoodatwhattheydo,andtheirveryclumsinesspreventsthemfromrecognizinghowbadtheyare.

InDunningandKruger'sstudy,subjectsscoringatthebottomontestsoflogic,grammarandhumor-extremelyoverestimated''theirtalents.Althoughtheirtestscoresputtheminthe12thpercentile(百分位數(shù))theyguessedtheywereinthe62nd.Whattheseindividualslacked(inaddition9clearlogic,propergrammarandasenseofhumor)was"metacognitiveskill"thecapacitytomonitorhowwellthey'reperforming.Intheabsenceofthatcapacity,thesubjectsarrivedatanoverlyhopefulviewoftheirownabilities.There'saparadoxhere,theauthorsnote:Theskillsthatleadtocompetenceinaparticulardomainareoftentheverysameskillsnecessarytoevaluatecompetenceinthatfield?Inotherwords,togetbetteratjudginghowwellwe'redoingatanactivity,wehavetogetbetterattheactivityitself.

Thereareacoupleofwaysoutofthisdoublebind.First,wecanlearntomakehonestcomparisonswithothers.Trainyourselftorecognizeexcellence,evenwhenyouyourselfdon'tpossessit,andcomparewhatyoucandoagainstwhattrulyexcellentindividualsareabletoaccomplish.Second,seekoutfeedbackthatisfrequent,accurateandspecific.Findacriticwhowilltellyounotonlyhowpoorlyyou'redoing,butjustwhatitisthatyou'redoingwrong.AsDunningandKrugernote,successindicatestousthateverythingwentright,butfailureismoreambiguous:anynumberofthingscouldhavegonewrong.Usethisexternalfeedbacktofigureoutexactlywhereandwhenyouscrewedup.

Ifweadoptthesestrategies—andmostimportantly,teachthemtoourchildren—theywon'tneedparents,oracommencement(畢業(yè)典禮)speaker,totellthemthatthey'respecial.They'llalreadyknowthattheyare,orhaveaplantogetthatway.（1）Theauthorthinkstherealproblemisthat

.A.norequirementissetupforyoungpeopletogetbetterB.wealwaystendtoconsiderourselvestobeprivilegedC.wedon'tknowwhetherouryoungpeoplearetalentedornotD.youngpeopledon'tknowhowtoassesstheirabilitiesrealistically（2）Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthosehigh-scoringstudents

A.knowhowtocultivateclearlogicandpropergrammarB.tendtobeverycompetentintheirhigh-scoringfieldsC.don'tviewthemselvesascompetentbecausetheyknowtheirlimitsD.don'tknowhowwelltheyperformduetotheirstrictself-judgement（3）Thestrategiesofbecomingspecialsuggestthat

.A.weneedinternalhonestywithourselvesandexternalhonestyfromothersB.thebestwaytogetbetteristocarefullystudypastsuccessandfailureC.throughcomparisonwithothers,onewillknowwhereandwhenhefailsD.neitherparentsnoracommencementspeakercantellwhetheroneisspecial（4）Whichcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.TipOnMakingOurselvesMoreSpecialB.Let'sAdmitThatWeAreNotThatSpecialC.SpecialorNot?TeachKidsToFigureItOutD.TellTheTruth:KidsOverestimatetheirTalents【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，是特殊或者不是？我們要教會(huì)孩子理解它。作者認(rèn)為真正的問(wèn)題是年輕人不知道如何現(xiàn)實(shí)地評(píng)估自己的能力。想要變得特別，我們需要對(duì)自己誠(chéng)實(shí)和他人對(duì)我們的誠(chéng)實(shí)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Butlostintheuproar（喧囂）wassomethingwereallyshouldbetakingtoheart:ouryoungpeopleactuallyhavenoideawhetherthey'reparticularlytalentedoraccomplishedornot.Inoureagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesstheirownabilities”,可知作者認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)該在喧囂之后記住：現(xiàn)在的年輕人不知道他們究竟有沒(méi)有天賦，其根本原因是他們不知道如何實(shí)際地評(píng)估自己的能力。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“sufferfroma“dualburden":they'renotgoodatwhattheydo,andtheirveryclumsinesspreventsthemfromrecognizinghowbadtheyare.”得低分的學(xué)生遭受著雙重負(fù)擔(dān)，即他們不擅長(zhǎng)自己所做的，并且他們的笨拙讓他們無(wú)法意識(shí)到自己有多差。由此可推斷，得高分的學(xué)生擅長(zhǎng)自己所作的。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“First,wecanlearntomakehonestcomparisonswithothers.和Findacriticwhowilltellyounotonlyhowpoorlyyou'redoing,butjustwhatitisthatyou'redoingwrong.”可知我們要學(xué)會(huì)誠(chéng)實(shí)地將自己和他人進(jìn)行比較，也需要一個(gè)人將我們做的不好的，以及做錯(cuò)了什么如實(shí)相告。由此可推測(cè)變得特別的策略表明我們需要對(duì)自己誠(chéng)實(shí)，也需要?jiǎng)e人對(duì)我們誠(chéng)實(shí)。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段“Ifweadoptthesestrategies—andmostimportantly,teachthemtoourchildren—theywon'tneedparents,oracommencement(畢業(yè)典禮)speaker,totellthemthatthey'respecial.They'llalreadyknowthattheyare,orhaveaplantogetthatway.”可知教會(huì)了孩子文中提到的策略，孩子就可以知道他們自己是否特別，或者已經(jīng)在變得特別的路上。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Whenachildistoldheis"uncool",itcanbeverypainful.Hemaysayhedoesn'tcare,andevenactinwaysthatareoppositeofcoolonpurpose(故意地).Butthesearesimplewaystodealwithsadnessbypretendingit'snotthere.

Helpingachildfeelbetterinschoolhastobecareful.Ifyousay,"Whyareyouworriedaboutwhatotherchildrenthinkaboutyou?Itdoesn'tmatter!"Childrenknowthatitdoesmatter.Instead,anactivewaymaybebest.Youcouldsay,"I'mgoingtodoacoupleofthingsforyoutohelpyoufeelbetterinschool."

Ifaboyishavingtroublemakingfriends,theteachercanhelphim.Theteachercanarrangethingssothathehaschancestousehisabilitiestocontributetoclassprojects.Thisishowtheotherchildrenlearnhowtovaluehisgoodqualitiesandtolikehim.Ateachercanalsoraiseachild'spopularityinthegroupbyshowingthathevaluesthatchild.Itevenhelpstoputhiminaseatnexttoaverypopularchild,orlethimbeapartnerwiththatchildinactivities,etc.

Therearethingsthatparentscandoathome,too.Befriendlywhenyourchildbringsothershometoplay.Encouragehimtoinvitefriendstomealsandthenservethedishestheyconsider"super".Whenyouplantrips,picnics,movies,andothershows,inviteanotherchildwithwhomyourchildwantstobefriends.

Whatyoucandoisgivehimachancetojoinagroupthatmaybeshuttinghimout.Then,ifhehasgoodqualities,hecanstarttobuildrealfriendshipofhisown.（1）Achildwhohasbeeninformedofbeing"uncool"may

.A.carenothingaboutitB.dosomethinguncoolonpurposeC.developasenseofangerD.pretendtogethurtverymuch（2）Ateachercanhelpanunpopularchildby

.A.seeingthechildastheteacher'sfavouriteB.askingthechildtodosomethingforpartnersC.forcingotherchildrentomakefriendswiththechildD.offeringthechildchancestoshowhisgoodqualities（3）Howcanparentshelptheirchildfitinbetter?A.Bytakinghimtohavepicnicsinthepark.B.Bybeingkindtohisschoolmates.C.Byforcinghimtoinvitefriendshome.D.Bycookingdeliciousfoodforhim.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，論述了在學(xué)校里的老師及在家里的父母都可以做很多事情來(lái)讓不受歡迎的孩子受到歡迎。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Hemaysayhedoesn'tcare,andevenactinwaysthatareoppositeofcoolonpurpose(故意地).”可知一個(gè)被說(shuō)成“不酷”的孩子,可能會(huì)故意做一些“不酷”的事情,故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theteachercanarrangethingssothathehaschancestousehisabilitiestocontributetoclassprojects.”可知老師可以給孩子提供表現(xiàn)他長(zhǎng)處的機(jī)會(huì),來(lái)幫助一個(gè)不受歡迎的孩子,故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Therearethingsthatparentscandoathome,too.Befriendlywhenyourchildbringsothershometoplay.”可知父母可以通過(guò)對(duì)孩子的同學(xué)和藹,讓孩子更好地與他人相處,故選B。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Hobbiesingeneralarebecomingsomethingofthepast.Ourlivesarealreadyfilledwithclasses,homework,working,relationshipsandsleeping.Whenwedohaveasparemoment,itisalltooeasytospenditontheendlessentertainmentandmediathatarerightatourfingertips.

Idonotdoubtthattherearesomepeoplewhocouldbecomeagreatwriterormusician.Ionlyfearthatsomanypeoplearebusypursuingtheireducationandtheircareers,buttheyneverevenseethepotential(潛能)theyhave.Thenextgreatphotographerorsingercouldbegoingtocollegerightnow.Buttheymightnotevenknowtheyhaveagiftforphotographingorsingingifthey'veneverpickedupacameraoraguitar.

Ofcourse,thefinalgoalofpursuinganewhobbyshouldn'tbetobecomerichandfamous.Formostpeople,ahobbyisjustsomethingtheyenjoydoingforthepurposeofthethingitself.Suchhobbiesarestillveryuseful.Studieshaveshownthatpeoplewhohaveahobbyarelesslikelytohavestressandmorelikelytohavemoremeaningfullives.

Mostimportantly,ahobbyisjustsomethingyoudotomakeyouhappy.Ihatetobreakittoyou,butweallhavealonglifetimeofworkandstressaheadofus.Itwillmakethingsmucheasierifwecanpracticethepianoormakesomecollectionsafterwork.

Sure,it'snoteasytostartanewhobbywhilegoingtoschool,butitwilllikelynevergeteasierthanitisrightnow.Sothinkaboutthethingthatyouhavealwayswantedtotrybutweretooembarrassedorbusyorwhatever.Youneverknow,youmightbecometheworld'snextgreatpeople.Ifnot,you'llatleastbealittlemorewell-rounded,moreinterestingandlessstressed.（1）WhatdoesParagraph1mainlyshow?A.

Allpeopleshouldlearntorelax.B.

Today'speoplehavelittletimeforhobbies.C.

Peopleinthepasttooktheirhobbiesseriously.D.

People'sliveshavebeennegativelyaffectedbymedia.（2）Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhobbies?A.

Theymaytakeuptoomuchtime.B.

Theycanhelpusenjoyabetterlife.C.

Theysometimescanbringusstress.D.

Theyshouldmakeusfamousoneday.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmean?A.

Weshouldstartahobbynow.B.

Startinganewhobbyisn'teasy.C.

We'dbetterdevelopahobbyatschool.D.

Developingahobbywillgeteasierastimegoesby.（4）What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.

Tointroducesomehelpfulhobbies.B.

Toencourageustohaveahobby.C.

Totellushowtocreateahappylife.D.

Totellushowtofindourpotential.【答案】（1）B（2）B（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的人沒(méi)什么時(shí)間來(lái)培養(yǎng)興趣愛(ài)好，但有一個(gè)興趣愛(ài)好非常重要。（1）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，本段主要是講現(xiàn)在的人太忙，沒(méi)什么時(shí)間培養(yǎng)興趣愛(ài)好，故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“"Studieshaveshownthatpeoplewhohaveahobbyarelesslikelytohavestressandmorelikelytohavemoremeaningfullives."可知，擁有興趣愛(ài)好可以讓我們的生活變得更好，故選B。（3）考查句義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)劃線句子以及"Sothinkaboutthethingthatyouhavealwayswantedtotrybutweretooembarrassedorbusyorwhatever."可知，這里是講現(xiàn)在就是培養(yǎng)興趣愛(ài)好的最好時(shí)機(jī)。故選A。（4）考查寫(xiě)作意圖。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是講培養(yǎng)興趣愛(ài)好非常重要，我們應(yīng)該有興趣愛(ài)好，故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷，句義猜測(cè)，寫(xiě)作意圖和段落大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Askanynewcollegegraduateabouthisimmediategoals,anditislikelythathewilltellyouhewantsajob.Butitturnsoutthattoday'sstudentsarenotgoingtobesatisfiedwithanyjob.Accordingtothelatestsurvey,makingadifferencethroughtheirworkisessential(必要的)toyoungpeople'shappiness.

Thesurveyfoundthat72percentofgraduatingcollegeseniorsbelievebeingabletohaveapositivesocialinfluencethroughtheirworkisessentialtotheirhappiness.Makingadifferenceissoimportanttothemthat45percentsaytheywouldtakea15-percentpaycuttoworkatanorganizationthathasasocialorenvironmentalinfluence,and58percentsaytheywouldtakeapaycuttoworkforanorganizationwhosevaluesarethesameastheirown.

Besidesthis,thesurveyfoundthatfemalestudentsarefarmorelikelytoputsocialinfluenceinfirstplacethantheirmaleclassmates,echoingtheresultsofaformerstudyshowingthatfemalemathsandsciencemajorsaremorelikelytosaytheygointothosefieldstomakeadifference.

Onereasonfortheemphasis(強(qiáng)調(diào))onimprovingtheworldprobablyhastodowiththecultureofcolleges,whichencouragesstudentstoconnecttheirstudiesbacktoreal-worldproblems.Studentsareusedtodiscussingimportantsocialissues(問(wèn)題)withtheirfriendsandprofessors,anddoingsomethingabouttheminclassorthroughvolunteeractivities.Oncestudentsdevelopthosehabits,theydon'tshutthemoffwhengraduationrollsaround.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"echoing"inparagraph3probablymean?A.Learning.B.Repeating.C.Believing.D.Creating.（2）Whatisoneofthereasonsfortheemphasisonstudentswantingtoimprovetheworld?A.Thehabitsstudentsdevelopinsociety.B.Theappearanceofimportantsocialissues.C.Theencouragementofthecultureofcolleges.D.Theeffectparents'educationhasontheirchildren.（3）Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?A.Youngpeoplewillsurelygainhappinessiftheycanmakeadifferenceintheirwork.B.Lessthanhalfofthecollegeseniorswilltakeapaycuttoworkwiththesamevalues.C.Mostcollegegraduatesbelieveitimportanttohaveapositivesocialinfluenceinwork.D.Femalegraduatesareallputtingmoresocialinfluenceinfirstplacethanmalegraduates.（4）Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.FemaleStudentsAreConcernedaboutSocietyB.YoungPeople'sHappinessDoesn'tDependonMoneyC.GraduatesBecomeMoreInterestedinChallengingJobsD.ManyGraduatesWouldTakeaPayCuttoMakeaDifference【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了通過(guò)工作能有一個(gè)積極的社會(huì)影響對(duì)年輕人的幸福至關(guān)重要。（1）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的“Besidesthis,thesurveyfoundthatfemalestudentsarefarmorelikelytoputsocialinfluenceinfirstplacethantheirmaleclassmates，”除此之外，調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)女生比男生更有可能把社會(huì)影響放在第一位；以及“theresultsofaformerstudyshowingthatfemalemathsandsciencemajorsaremorelikelytosaytheygointothosefieldstomakeadifference.”以前的一項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果顯示，女性數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生更有可能說(shuō)她們進(jìn)入這些領(lǐng)域是為了有所作為?？梢酝茢喑鰞身?xiàng)調(diào)查的結(jié)果是一致的。都說(shuō)明了女性更愿意在工作中做出影響。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Onereasonfortheemphasis(強(qiáng)調(diào))onimprovingtheworldprobablyhastodowiththecultureofcolleges,whichencouragesstudentstoconnecttheirstudiesbacktoreal-worldproblems.”強(qiáng)調(diào)改善世界的一個(gè)原因可能與大學(xué)文化有關(guān)，大學(xué)文化鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生將他們的學(xué)習(xí)與現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的問(wèn)題聯(lián)系起來(lái)。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thesurveyfoundthat72percentofgraduatingcollegeseniorsbelievebeingabletohaveapositivesocialinfluencethroughtheirworkisessentialtotheirhappiness.”調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，72%的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生認(rèn)為通過(guò)工作產(chǎn)生積極的社會(huì)影響對(duì)他們的幸福至關(guān)重要?？梢缘贸鼋Y(jié)論：多數(shù)的畢業(yè)生都認(rèn)可工作產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)影響對(duì)他們而言是重要的。故選C。（4）考查主旨大意。通過(guò)第一段的調(diào)查結(jié)論得出：對(duì)年輕人的幸福，通過(guò)工作改變世界是至關(guān)重要的。所以，文章主要闡述年輕人的幸福取決于在工作中改變世界（makeadifference）,結(jié)合第二段中的“Makingadifferenceissoimportanttothemthat45percentsaytheywouldtakea15-percentpaycuttoworkatanorganizationthathasasocialorenvironmentalinfluence,and58percentsaytheywouldtakeapaycuttoworkforanorganizationwhosevaluesarethesameastheirown.”對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，做出改變是如此重要，以至于45%的人說(shuō)他們?cè)敢饨邮?5%的減薪去一個(gè)對(duì)社會(huì)或環(huán)境有影響的組織工作，58%的人說(shuō)他們?cè)敢饨邮軠p薪去一個(gè)與他們價(jià)值觀相同的組織工作?？梢钥闯?減薪是makeadifference的重要性。綜上所述，選項(xiàng)D：ManyGraduatesWouldTakeaPayCuttoMakeaDifference和文章的主旨是一致的。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Stepinachasbecomeoneofthefirsthighschoolsinthecountrytodropalltextbooksandreplacethemwitha"digitallibrary".WhenstudentsstartedclassesonMonday,theywerezippingtoanappontheirtabletsorlaptopsandbadinstantaccesstoall40textsintheStepinaccurriculum(課程).

DennisLauro,directorofaninformationcenterwhichprovidestechnicalsupporttopublicschoolsinNewYork,saidneitherhenorhiscolleagueswereawareofasimilardigitaleffortinapublicschoolsetting."Thisisthewaveofthefuture."Laurosaid."I'mnotsurprisedthataprivateschoolwouldbeatthepublicschoolstoit.Theyhavetheabilitytojustdoit.Thereissomuchpoliticsinvolvedinpublicschools,whenitcomestoamovelikethat,needingapprovalfromboardsandcommittees."

ForTomCollins,Stepinac'spresident,thecommitmenttodigitalsourcematerialwasnotsodifficultadecision.Inthepast,students'familieshadtospendupto$700ayearontextbooks.Thisyear—aftertheone-timepurchaseofatabletorlaptop—familiesonlyneedtopay$150.Usingthedigitallibraryisalmostaseasyasopeninganewbook.AstudentcaninstantlylapintoadigitalbookandopenamapofEgyptoraspeechbyPresidentJohnF.Kennedy.Ateachercanshowapagefromadigitalbookonawhiteboardatthefrontoftheclassorsendstudentsalinktoaparticularmathproblemwithnotesaddedin.

Thefirstfewweeksmaybringsomechallenges.Stepinacofficialsexpectsomeparentaldiscomfortoverdroppingconcretebooks.Theyrecognizetheremaybetechnicalfaultsatfirst.Andtheywillhavetoencouragestudentstoleavespace-eatingphotosandmusicofftheirtablets—andtokeeptheirtabletscharged.（1）WhatisgoingoninStepinac?A.

It'sbuildinganewlibrary.

B.

It'sreformingitstextbooks.C.

It'supdatingitsdigitalresources.

D.

It'schangingitsmanagementpattern.（2）Bysayingtheunderlinedsentence.Laurobelieves

.A.

publicschoolsfacegreatchallenges

B.

privateschoolshavetheiradvantagesC.

theeffortistocauseinstantchanges

D.

it'satrendforschoolstogodigital（3）WhomayworryaboutthemoveinStepinac?A.

Officials.

B.

Technicians.

C.

Parents.

D.

Teachers.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C【解析】【分析】本文主要講了Stepinac是第一個(gè)放棄了傳統(tǒng)意義上的教科書(shū)，改用數(shù)字圖書(shū)館的學(xué)校。這是未來(lái)學(xué)校向數(shù)字化發(fā)展的一種趨勢(shì)，但是家長(zhǎng)們對(duì)這一進(jìn)程心存疑慮。（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段Stepinachasbecomeoneofthefirsthighschoolsinthecountrytodropalltextbooksandreplacethemwitha"digitallibrary"可知Stepinac把textbook變成了digital

library，應(yīng)該是改革了教科書(shū)，故選B。（2）推理判斷題。由第二段

Laurosaid."I'mnotsurprisedthataprivateschoolwouldbeatthepublicschoolstoit.Theyhavetheabilitytojustdoit.Thereissomuchpoliticsinvolvedinpublicschools,whenitcomestoamovelikethat,needingapprovalfromboardsandcommittees.可知Lauro認(rèn)為在學(xué)校發(fā)展數(shù)字化并不是一件令人吃驚的事，私立學(xué)校在政策決定上比公立學(xué)校更有優(yōu)勢(shì)，如果在公立學(xué)校推行，需要得到很多人的同意。從中可以看出Lauro認(rèn)為未來(lái)學(xué)校向數(shù)字化發(fā)展是一種趨勢(shì)，故選D。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段Thefirstfewweeksmaybringsomechallenges.Stepinacofficialsexpectsomeparentaldiscomfortoverdroppingconcretebooks.可知在Stepinac，父母?jìng)儗?duì)這一進(jìn)程很擔(dān)心，故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解?？忌婕凹?xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題，細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確的選擇。推理判斷題不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí)，要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷。6．閱讀理解

Stressisoneofthemostcommoncausesofhealthproblemsinmodernlife.Toomuchstressresultsinphysical,emotional,andmentalhealthproblems.

Therearenumerousphysicaleffectsofstress.Stresscanaffecttheheart.Itcanincreasethepulserate,maketheheartmissbeats,andcancausehighbloodpressure.Stresscanaffecttherespiratory(呼吸的)system.Itcanleadtoasthmaandcauseapersontobreathetoofast,resultinginalossofimportantcarbondioxide.Stresscanaffectthestomach.Itcancausestomachachesandproblemsofdigestingfood.Theseareonlyafewexamplesofthewiderangeofillnessesandsymptomsresultingfromstress.

Emotionsarealsoeasilyaffectedbystress.Peoplesufferingfromstressoftenfeelanxious.Theymayhavepanicattacksandfeeltiredallthetime.Whenpeopleareunderstress,theyoftenoverreacttolittleproblems.Forexample,anormallygentleparentunderalotofstressatworkmayyellatachildfordroppingaglassofjuice.Stresscanmakepeopleangry,moody,ornervous.

Long-termstresscanleadtoavarietyofseriousmentalillnesses.Depression,anextremefeelingofsadnessandhopelessness,canbetheresultofcontinuedandincreasingstress.Alcoholismandotheraddictionsoftendevelopasaresultofoveruseofalcoholordrugstotrytorelieve(釋放)stress.Ifstressisallowedtocontinue,thenone'smentalhealthisputatrisk.

Itisobviousthatstressisaseriousproblem.Itattacksthebody.Itaffectstheemotions.Untreated,itmayeventuallyresultinmentalillness.Stresshasagreatinfluenceonthehealth,ourfeelingsandourminds.So,reducestress:stoptheworldandrestforawhile.（1）Whatphysicaleffectsdoesstressresultin?A.Overreactingtolittleproblems.B.Makingbloodpressurelow.C.Sufferingfromdepression.D.Increasingthepulserate.（2）Whichonebelongstotheemotionalproblem?A.Alcoholabuse.B.Drugaddiction.C.MuchAnxiety.D.Heartbeatmissing.（3）Whatdoesthefourthparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Stresscausingmentalproblems.B.Stresscausingphysicalproblems.C.Stresscausingemotionalproblems.D.Stresscausingpanicattacks.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中，壓力是很多健康問(wèn)題的原因之一。作者分析了壓力可能會(huì)給大家?guī)?lái)的身體方面的問(wèn)題、情緒方面以及精神方面的問(wèn)題。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Therearenumerousphysicaleffectsofstress.”壓力對(duì)身體有很多影響?？芍@一段主要將壓力對(duì)身體可能帶來(lái)的影響；以及“Itcanincreasethepulserate,maketheheartmissbeats,andcancausehighbloodpressure.”它能加速脈率，使心臟停止跳動(dòng)以及能造成高血壓，可知，加速脈率是壓力可能對(duì)身體造成的影響之一。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Peoplesufferingfromstressoftenfeelanxious.”壓力大的人常常感到焦慮?？芍箲]是壓力可能對(duì)人的情緒帶來(lái)的影響之一。所以焦慮屬于情感問(wèn)題。故選C。（3）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第四段中的“Long-termstresscanleadtoavarietyofseriousmentalillnesses.”長(zhǎng)期壓力能帶來(lái)很多嚴(yán)重的精神疾病，可知，本段主要討論壓力可能帶來(lái)的精神問(wèn)題。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Fordecades,doctorshavewarnedpatientsthattoomuchsaltcanbebadfortheheart.Heatattackhaslongbeenconsideredagrown-upproblem,butanewresearchsuggeststhatsaltisstartingtoaffectchildren.Eatingtoomuchsaltyfoodwhenyou'reyoungcanleadtohealthproblemslater.

Saltismadeupoftwoelements:sodiumandchlorine.Dietaryguidelinesrecommendthatadultsandkidsaged9—13shouldn'tconsumemorethanaboutateaspoonofsaltdaily.TheaverageAmericaneatstwicethisamount.Thisworriesdoctorsbecausetoomuchsodiumresultsinthebodyproducingmoreblood.Topumptheextrablood,thehearthastoworkharder.Thiscausesariseinbloodpressureameasurementofhowstressedtheheartis.Highbloodpressureoftenleadstoheartdisease.

Akidwithhighbloodpressureismorelikelytobecomeagrown-upwithhighbloodpressure.Reducingsaltmightalsohelpstopchildhoodobesity(肥胖).Britishresearchersrecentlyfoundthatkidswhoeatlesssaltalsodrinkfewersugarysoftdrinks.Drinkingfewerfizzydrinksmakeskidslesslikelytogainweight,becomeobeseanddevelophighbloodpressure.

Saltcanaffectmorethanjustyourheartandweight.ArecentstudyfoundthatagrowingnumberofkidsintheUSaresufferingfromkidneystones.Thispainfulconditionusuallyaffectspeopleagedover40.Now,kidsasyoungasfivearegettingit.

Cuttingdownonsaltcanbehard,butyoucanretrainyourselftopreferlesssaltyfood.Thebestwaytoreducetheamountofsodiumyoueatistomakechangesgradually.Startbyaddinghalfasmuchsalttoyourdinnerasyounormallydo.Switchtofreshfoodsinsteadofcannedandbottledversions.Andgoeasyonthecondiments(調(diào)味品).Youmightalsowanttostartreadingnutritionlabels.Youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatthereare1,150mgofsodiuminadoublecheeseburger,andover2,000mginmanyfrozenmeals.（1）Whatistheauthor'smajorconcern?A.Childreneattoomuchsaltyfood.B.Manyadultssufferfromheartattack.C.Americansconsumetoomuchsalt.D.Heartattackisnowayouthproblem.（2）Whatdoestheauthorrefertoasthecauseofchildhoodobesity?A.Eatingmoresaltyfood.B.Lackofphysicalexercise.C.Drinkingmanysugarysoftdrinks.D.Eatingthesamefoodastheadults.（3）WhatisanotherdiseasetendingtobeyoungeraccordingtoParagraph4?A.Obesity.B.Kidneystone.C.Blooddisease.D.Heartattack.（4）WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Thelawsofhealth.B.Howtocutdownonsalt.C.Healthydiet.D.Theamountofsaltweneed.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了鹽對(duì)心臟有影響的原因，以及人們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪斜３值望}的生活方式。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Heatattackhaslongbeenconsideredagrown-upproblem,butanewresearchsuggeststhatsaltisstartingtoaffectchildren.Eatingtoomuchsaltyfoodwhenyou'reyoungcanleadtohealthproblemslater.”長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，心臟病被認(rèn)為是成年人的問(wèn)題，但一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，鹽開(kāi)始影響兒童。年輕時(shí)吃太多咸的食物會(huì)導(dǎo)致以后的健康問(wèn)題；以及第三段中的“Akidwithhighbloodpressureismorelikelytobecomeagrown-upwithhighbloodpressure.”一個(gè)有高血壓的孩子更有可能成為一個(gè)有高血壓的成年人，可知，文章作者特別擔(dān)心孩子食用過(guò)咸的食物導(dǎo)致心臟病和高血壓。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Reducingsaltmightalsohelpstopchildhoodobesity(肥胖).Britishresearchersrecentlyfoundthatkidswhoeatlesssaltalsodrinkfewersugarysoftdrinks.”減少鹽可能有助于阻止兒童長(zhǎng)胖。英國(guó)的研究人員最近發(fā)現(xiàn)吃鹽少的孩子喝的含糖飲料也更少，可知，作者認(rèn)為吃多鹽食品和喝過(guò)多含糖的軟飲料也會(huì)使孩子長(zhǎng)胖。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“ArecentstudyfoundthatagrowingnumberofkidsintheUSaresufferingfromkidneystones.Thispainfulconditionusuallyaffectspeopleagedover40.Now,kidsasyoungasfivearegettingit.”最近一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)越來(lái)越多的美國(guó)孩子正在患腎結(jié)石。這種痛苦的病通常只在40歲以上的人才患，現(xiàn)在五歲的孩子也在遭受這種疾病，可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在腎結(jié)石這種病正在變得年輕化。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第五段中的“Thebestwaytoreducetheamountofsodiumyoueatistomakechangesgradually.Startbyaddinghalfasmuchsalttoyourdinnerasyounormallydo.Switchtofreshfoodsinsteadofcannedandbottledversions.Andgoeasyonthecondiments(調(diào)味品).Youmightalsowanttostartreadingnutritionlabels.”減少鈉攝入量的最好方法是逐漸改變。先在晚餐中加入平時(shí)一半的食鹽。食用新鮮食品而非罐裝或者瓶裝食品。少放些調(diào)味品。你可能也要閱讀營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽?？芍径翁峁┝艘恍┛梢詼p少食鹽攝入量的方法。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇健