又稱主從復(fù)合句,由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成。主句為句子的主體,從句不能獨立,只用作句子的一個成分,如主語、表語、賓語、定語、同位語、狀語（包括地點、條件、時間、原因、讓步、比較、結(jié)果等狀語）。從句擔(dān)任什么句子成分,這個從句就叫該成分的從句,如賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句等。復(fù)合句賓語從句在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句可以做動詞的賓語，也可以做介詞的賓語連接詞語序時態(tài)1、HetellsusthatTomisagoodstudent.2、Tomsaidthathewasreadingabook.3、SheasksifTomoftencomeshere.4、Heaskswhetheryoulivethere.5、TheywonderedwhereTomlived.6、Heaskshowtheycangohome.賓語從句thatif/whether特殊疑問詞：連接代詞what,whom,whose,which,what連接副詞when,where,how,why結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+謂語+連接詞+賓語從句主句1.HetellsusthatTomisagoodstudent.2.Tomsaidthathewasreadingabook.3.SheasksifTomoftencomeshere.4.Heaskswhetheryoulivethere.5.TheywonderedwhereTomlived.6.Heasksherhowtheycangohome.結(jié)構(gòu)連接詞連接詞的作用例句that連詞，本身無意義，只起連接作用，不作句子成分，可省略HesaidthatKatewasgoodatswimming.if

/whether連詞，“是否”，不作句子成分，不可省略HeaskedifMissGaowasateacher.who,whose,what,which代詞，在從句中做一定的成分，如主、賓、表、定等Idon’tknowwhattheyaregoingtodo.Idon’tknowwho

we

aregoing

to

meet.when,where,how,why副詞，在從句中做狀語Couldyoutellmewhereyoulive?連接詞陳述句連接詞that引導(dǎo)陳述句1、Hesays,“Tomisagoodstudent”.HesaysthatTomisagoodstudent.2、Tomsays,“Iamreadingabook.”Tomsaysthatheisreadingabook.一般可省略that連接詞that不可省略的情況（1）當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是that時Hesaysthatthatisausefulbook.（2）當(dāng)賓語從句為主從復(fù)合句時I’mafraidthatifyou’velostit,youmustpayforit.（3）當(dāng)兩個或多個賓語從句由并列連詞連接時，第一個從句中的that可省，其余從句中的that不可省Hesaid(that)thefilmwasinterestingandthatheenjoyedit.（4）當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞與that賓語從句之間有插入語時JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisgreencoat.（5）當(dāng)that從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時Ican’ttellhimthathismotherdied.一般疑問句連接詞if/whether引導(dǎo)一般疑問句3、Sheasks,“DoesTomoftencomehere?”SheasksifTomoftencomeshere.4、Heasks,“Doyoulivethere?”.Heaskswhetheryoulivethere.（1）與ornot連用時HeaskedmewhetherIlikewatchingTVornot.（2）用在介詞之后時IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.（3）用在不定式之前時Wehaven’tdecidedwhethertogothere.（4）在及物動詞discuss后的賓語從句中,只能用whether,不能用if。Wediscussedwhetherweshouldmakeachangeinourplan.我們討論了是否應(yīng)該對計劃進行變動。只用whether不用if的情況5、Heasks,“WheredoesTomlive?”HeaskswhereTomlives.6、Heasks,“Howcanwegohome?”Heaskshowtheycangohome.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞：see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,findout,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,discover,understand,inform,advise等。賓語從句用陳述句語序即：連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?語序1.Willhegototheparkwithus?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow

.2.Who

are

we

going

to

meet

?Can

you

tell

me?Canyoutellme

?3.WhatisTom’saddress?Couldyoutellme?Couldyoutellme

?if/whetherhewillgototheparkwithuswho

we

aregoing

to

meetwhatTom’saddressisExercises主句是現(xiàn)在的某種時態(tài)主句是過去的某種時態(tài)當(dāng)從句描述的是事實、真理或格言、諺語時時態(tài)賓語從句的時態(tài)在一定程度上受到主句時態(tài)的制約，這種現(xiàn)象被稱為前后時態(tài)的一致性。賓語從句的時態(tài)有以下幾種情況:Shesays(that)heplaysfootballeveryday.heisplayingfootballnow.hewillplayfootballtomorrow.hehasplayedfootballfor3years.hewasplayingfootballfrom6to7yesterday.heplayedfootballlastweek.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.HehastoldmethathewillleaveforNewYorktomorrow.1、主句是現(xiàn)在的某種時態(tài)（如一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時），從句根據(jù)實際情況使用任何時態(tài)。Shesaid(that)heplayedfootballeveryday.hewasplayingfootballthen.hewouldplayfootballthenextday.hehadplayedfootballfor3years.hewasplayingfootballfrom6to7yesterday.heplayedfootballlastweek.Hesaidthathewouldhavearestthisweekend.2、主句是過去的某種時態(tài)，從句須用過去時態(tài)的某種形式（包括一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時、過去完成時）。Shesays/said(that)theearthgoesaroundthesun.Shesays/said(that)knowledgeispower.3、當(dāng)從句描述的是事實、真理或格言、諺語時，從句時態(tài)不受主句限制，使用一般現(xiàn)在時。考點速查在含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句中，若主句的主語是第一人稱且為一般現(xiàn)在時，謂語動詞是think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等詞時，如果賓語從句中的謂語動詞要用否定形式,則其否定式要前移到主句，即“否定前移”。Idon’tthinkhewillacceptourinvitation.我認為他不會接受我們的邀請。否定前移考點速查當(dāng)賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同,且主句的謂語動詞是know,remember,forget,learn等時,賓語從句?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換為“特殊疑問詞+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)的簡單句。Idon’tknowwhatIshouldsay.→Idon’tknowwhattosay.我不知道要說什么。賓語從句的簡化→Jacktoldmethat

heoften

went

shoppingonholiday.

Jacktoldme...Heoftengoesshoppingonholiday.Thestudentswondered...WillTomgotoschool?→

Thestudentswonderedif

Tom

would

gotoschool.Weknew…Theyarehavingapartynow.→Weknewthat

theywerehavingapartyatthattime.Didyouknow…?Hashefinishedhomework?→

Didyouknowif

he

hadfinishedhomework?Exercises總結(jié)定義結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+連接詞+賓語從句連接詞：三類語序：陳述語序時態(tài)在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。定語從句

定語：即用來修飾、限定、說明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的成分。比如 agoodbook afamousuniversity Tom'spen Hisname分為關(guān)系代詞that、which、who、whose、whom和關(guān)系副詞when、where、why。關(guān)系詞位于先行詞和定語從句之間，即起連接作用，又充當(dāng)從句的一個成分。如：HeisthemanwhoIsawyesterday.Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞在句中作主語、賓語或定語who作主語，whom作賓語，that既可作主語又可作賓語（作賓語可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。whose用來指人或物，只用作定語。Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?Heisthemanwhom/who/thatIsawyesterday.

Themanwhom/whoyouspoketojustnowisourteacher.Themanwhosesonisadoctorisourprofessor.先行詞是人時，由who,whom,that，whose引導(dǎo)關(guān)系代詞在句中作主語、賓語或定語在從句中可作主語、賓語等，作賓語時可以省略Thisisthenovelwhich/thatiswritteninEnglish.（作主語）這是那本用英語寫的小說。Prosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which/that在從句中作主語）Thebag(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿那個包快要散開了。(which/that在從句中作賓語）先行詞是物時，由which,that引導(dǎo)[拓展]

1.定語從句中關(guān)系詞只能使用that的情況:①當(dāng)先行詞為all,any,much,many,anything,everything,nothing等不定代詞時,只能使用that。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?②當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時ThisisthemostwonderfultimethatIhaveeverhad.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.③當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時,只能使用that。Thatwasthefirstbookthatthelittleboyread.④先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時Thiswillbethelastchancethathecanget.Thatistheonlyfilmthathasgotaprize.⑤先行詞里同時含有人或物時,只能使用that。Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpeoplethattheyrememberedintheschool.⑥當(dāng)主句是以who,which開頭的特殊疑問句或先行詞是who時,只能使用that。Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?Whichisthebookthatheborrowedfromthelibraryyesterday?2.先行詞指物時,只能用which的情況:①關(guān)系代詞放在介詞之后,只能用which。Thisisthefactoryinwhichweonceworked.②that,those作主語時,只能用which。ThosewhichareonthedeskareEnglishbooks.關(guān)系副詞1、when指時間，在定語從句中作狀語。如：I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.2、where指地點，在定語從句中作狀語。如：Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.3、why表示原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語，其先行詞只有表示原因的reason一詞。如：Wedon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool.指起副詞作用的關(guān)系詞，在引導(dǎo)定語從句的同時，還在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語等，比較常用的關(guān)系副詞有when,where和why。狀語從句在復(fù)合句中修飾主句、主句中的動詞等。分為地點狀語從句、時間狀語從句、原因狀語從句、條件狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、讓步狀語從句和方式狀語從句等。1.地點狀語從句,連詞為where,wherever。Juststaywhereyouareanddon’tmove.待在你現(xiàn)在待的地方別動。We’llgowhereveryousay.你說的任何地方,我們都會去。狀語從句連詞為when,while,after,before,since,till,until,as,assoonas,whenever,eversince。Ifeelhappywhenyoucome.WhileIwasdoinghishomework,hecamein.when引導(dǎo)的從句謂語可以是延續(xù)性，也可以是短暫性while引導(dǎo)的從句謂語動詞必須延續(xù)性，或者表示狀態(tài)的動詞注意：when和while引導(dǎo)的從句中，主從句主語一致，且從句有be動詞時，可以省略主語和be動詞，構(gòu)成when/whiledoing結(jié)構(gòu)。時間狀語從句時間狀語從句Wegetwiseraswegetolder.Lilyheardthestoryasshewashedclothes.as“一邊、、一邊、、”“隨著、、”正當(dāng)“。

從句謂語可以是延續(xù)性，也可以是短暫性ItbegantorainassoonasIleftthehouse.Assoonashearrives，Iwilltellhim.assoonas、、一、、就、、。表示從句動作一發(fā)生，主句動作隨即發(fā)生。注意：在時間狀語從句里，通常不用將來時態(tài)。當(dāng)主句為祈使句或一般將來時，時間狀語從句一般用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來的動作或狀態(tài)。如：I’llringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesback.Hewon’tbelieveituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes.在復(fù)合句中表示主句動作發(fā)生的條件。常用if或unless引導(dǎo)if如果。表示在某種條件下某事很可能發(fā)生。If引導(dǎo)的條件狀從可以在主句前和后，在前時，需逗號隔開。I’llhelpyouifIamfreetomorrow.unless除非，如果不，相當(dāng)于ifnotYouwillnotrealizeyourdreamunlessyoutryyourbest.時態(tài)：在含有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，主句是一般將來時態(tài)，祈使句或情態(tài)動詞，從句要用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)【主將從現(xiàn)原則】條件狀語從句用來說明主句中謂語動詞發(fā)生的目的的從句?？捎?/p>

that/sothat/inorderthat(為了;以便)等詞引導(dǎo)。目的狀語從句的謂語常含有may,might,can,could,should,would等情態(tài)動詞。Youmustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.IgotupearlysothatIcouldcatchthefirstbus.目的狀語從句linorderthat與inordertoinorderthat+從句inorderto+動詞原形如：Hegotupearlyinordertotakethefirstbus.=Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldtakethefirstbus.lsothat可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，也可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句1.sothat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時，sothat翻譯為“以至于...”，經(jīng)常可以和so/such...that...轉(zhuǎn)換，且從句只能放在主句之后。如：Hegotuplatesothathewaslateforschool.=Hegotupsolatethathewaslateforschool.2.sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時，從句只能放在主句之后，此時可以和inorderthat換用。如：Hegotupearlysothathecouldtakethefirstbus.=Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldtakethefirstbus.主要由so…that,such…that,sothat,等引導(dǎo)。lso...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，so是副詞，+形容詞。Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.Hewassogladthathecouldn’tsayaword.Thisissointerestingabookthatweallenjoyreadingit.IhavesolittlemoneythatIcannotaffordacar.HehassomanybooksthatIcan’tcountthem.lsuch…that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，such是形容詞，+名詞。Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.結(jié)果狀語從句常由because,since,as引導(dǎo)，語氣漸弱IdidnotgotoschoolyesterdaybecauseIwasill.Sinceyouarefree,you’dbetter