Livingwell，livinglongU4evaluatefactorscontributingtoalongerhealthspananalyzethecausesandimpactsofsleepdisordersemploypassivestructuresinacademicwritingdesignapostertocallforhealthysleepLearningobjectivesA.ExcessiveuseofelectronicdevicesB.ProlongedsittingC.UnhealthyeatinghabitsLead-in

Whatbadhabitsareshowninthepictures?D.IntensestressandoverwhelminganxietyF.IrregularsleepscheduleE.HabitualtobaccouseandexcessivealcoholconsumptionExaminethefollowingimagesthatdepictvariouselementsofahealthylifestyleanddescribeeachbehaviorinyourownwords.1.TextStructureAnalysisIntroductiontotheproblemandtheconceptofhealthspanPartIII(Para.3-5)PartIV(Para.6-8)PartV(Para.9)ScientificresearchonhealthspanandagingPracticalstrategiestoimprovehealthspanThesignificanceofextendinghealthspan

PartI(Para.1-2)PartI(Paras.1-2)Itintroducestheconceptthatwhilepeoplelivelongernow,manyfacehealthissuesinlaterlife.Italsodefines“healthspan”astheyearslivedwithoutdisablingphysicalormentalimpairments,notingitsevolutiontoemphasizeboththequalityandthequantityoflateryears.PartII(Paras.3-5)Itconcludesthatit’spossibletolivehealthieraswelivelongerdespitethecomplexitiesofsuchstudy.ItalsodiscussescentenariansstudiedbyNirBarzilai,whohave“compressionofmorbidity”.Barzilai’sresearchfocusesongenes(likeCETP)thataidhealthspan,withemulatingsuchgenesasaresearchtargettoimprovehealthspan.PartIV(Paras.6-8)Ithighlightspreventivemeasures(diet,exercise,braingames,etc.)forhealthspan.Socialconnectivityalsomattersasitcombatslonelinessandkeepsmindssharpaspeopleage.Proactivehealthmonitoringcanoptimizelongevitybyprovidingearlyinsightstoenabletimelyinterventions.PartV(Para.9)Thesecrettoalong,healthylife(throughgenetics,lifestyle,earlydetection)canmakehealthspanextensionpractical.Alongerhealthspanallowsagingtobeaphaseofgrowthfilledwithvitalityandmeaning,turninglongevityintoasocietalasset.2.IntensivereadingUnlockingthesecretsforlivingmoreyearsdisease-freePara.1Wearelivingmuchlonger

thanourancestors,butisthatalwaysagoodthing?Whilemodernmedicineandimprovedlivingconditionshaveextendedourlifeexpectancy,manyofusarealsospendingagreatportionofourlaterlives–sometimesoveradecade–saddledwithphysicalandmentalhealthconditionsthatcanmakedailylifechallenging.

Para.1Tomakesurewe

aregettingthemostoutofourentirelifespan,biologistsandlongevityresearchersarefocusingmoreandmoreonwaystoboostournumberofdisease-freeandactiveyears.

Languagepoints1expectancyn.thestateofexpectingorhopingthatsth.,esp.sth.goodorexciting,willhappen預料；預期

2Thedoctordiscussedthepatient’slifeexpectancywiththefamily.醫(yī)生與家屬討論了患者的預期壽命。3Thereisanexpectancyofslowrecoveryforthistypeofinjury.對于這種類型的損傷，預期恢復會比較緩慢。LanguagepointsThesmallhospitalwassaddledwithtreatingasuddeninfluxofemergencypatients.這家小型醫(yī)院被迫承擔起救治突然涌入的急診患者的重任。v.

(~with)tomakesb.haveajoborproblemthatisdifficultorboringandthattheydonotwant

使承擔（苦差事）Theoverworkednursewassaddledwithextranightshifts.這位勞累過度的護士被安排承擔額外的夜班。

020103saddleLanguagepoints01

n.

longlife;thefactoflastingalongtime長壽；長命Geneticfactorsplayasignificantroleindetermininghumanlongevity.遺傳因素在決定人類長壽方面起重要作用。Abalanceddietandregularexercisearecloselylinkedtoincreasedlongevity.均衡飲食和規(guī)律運動與延長壽命密切相關。0203longevityPara.2Thisconcept,formallyknownashealthspan,referstotheyearslivedwithoutdisablingphysicalormentalimpairments.Althoughitfirstappearedinmedicaljournals

morethan30yearsago,theconcepthasbecomeincreasinglymainstreamamongcliniciansandpatientsalike.Para.2Itsdefinitionhasalsoevolvedtoemphasizenotjustlivinglongerbutalsoaddingmorequalitytimetoourlateryears,whencertainhealthconditionscouldseverelyimpederoutineactivities.Treatedhypertension,forexample,wouldn’tsignificantlyaffectyourhealthspan,butastrokeordementiawould,saysSharonInouye,aphysician-scientistatHarvardMedicalSchoolwhospecializesinaging.Languagepointsdisablinga.relatingtoaconditionorinjurythataffectsyourbodyoryourbrainandmakesyouunabletouseitproperly殘疾的；傷殘的Adisablinginjurycanchangeaperson’sdailylife.致殘性損傷會改變一個人的日常生活。Earlytreatmentcanreducedisablingeffectsofthecondition.早期治療能減輕這種疾病的致殘影響。Languagepointsimpairmentn.

thestateofhavingaphysicalormentalconditionwhichmeansthatpartofyourbodyorbraindoesnotworkcorrectly(身體或智力方面的)損傷，障礙Long-termsmokingmayleadtolungfunctionimpairment.長期吸煙可能導致肺功能受損。Thedoctornotedanimpairmentinthepatient’svision.醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn)患者的視力存在受損情況。Languagepointsv.

todelayorstoptheprogressofsth.阻礙；阻止Excessivemucusproductionintheairwayscanimpedegasexchangeinthelungs.氣道中過多的黏液分泌會阻礙肺部的氣體交換。Scartissuemayimpedethenormalmovementofjoints.瘢痕組織可能會阻礙關節(jié)的正?；顒?。010203impedeLanguagepointsUntreatedhypertensionmayleadtostroke.未經(jīng)治療的高血壓可能導致中風。n.

aconditioninwhichyourbloodpressureisextremelyhigh高血壓Controllingsaltintakehelpsmanagehypertension.控制鹽分攝入有助于管理高血壓。020103hypertensionLanguagepointsdementian.

aseriousmentaldisordercausedbybraindiseaseorinjury,thataffectstheabilitytothink,remember,andbehavenormally癡呆Memorylossisacommonsignofdementia.記憶力減退是癡呆的常見癥狀。Exercisemayhelpslowtheprogressofdementia.運動可能有助于減緩癡呆的發(fā)展。Para.3Withtheconceptofhealthspannowfirmlyestablished,researcherslikeInouyearedivingdeeperintothescienceofaging.Para.3Theireffortsspanmultiplefronts:understanding

theunderlyingmechanismsofaging,identifyinghealth-promotinggenes,andzeroinginonstepstotakeinourdailylivestoimprovehealthspan.Despitethecomplexityofthesestudies,theconclusionissimple:Itisabsolutelypossibletolivehealthierevenaswelivelonger.Languagepointsmechanismn.

asystemofpartsinalivingthingthattogetherperformaparticularfunction（生物體內(nèi)的）機制Scientistsstudythemechanismofhowcellsrepairthemselves.科學家們研究細胞自我修復的機制。Thebodyhasanaturalmechanismtofightinfections.人體有一種對抗感染的天然機制。Languagepointszerov.

(~inonsb./sth.)tofixallyourattentiononthepersonorthingmentioned集中全部注意力于Thesurgicalteamzeroedinonthedamagedbloodvesselduringtheoperation.手術中，團隊將全部注意力集中在受損的血管上。Expertsarezeroinginonthelinkbetweensleepqualityandlong-termwellness.專家們正專注于研究睡眠質(zhì)量與長期健康之間的聯(lián)系。Para.4JustlookatthecentenariansthatresearcherNirBarzilaiworkswithattheAlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicineintheBronx,NewYork.Inacademicparlance,hishealthystudyparticipantshaveaphenomenoncalled

compressionofmorbidity,wherepeopleexperienceillnessforonlyaverysmallportionoftheirlives.Para.4“Theydon’tjustlivelonger;theylivemuchhealthier,”saysBarzilai.“Theygotdiseases50yearsaftertheirfriendsand30yearsaftertheirchildren’sfriends.”Whilesomecentenarians

thrivethroughsheergoodluck:bornwithexceptionalgenetics,pinpointingwhichgenesarelinkedtoage-relateddisorderscouldleadtodrugsthatmimictheireffectsforpeoplewhoweren’tasluckyinthegeneticlottery.LanguagepointsThecentenarian’smedicalrecordsshowfewchronicillnesses.這位百歲老人的病歷顯示幾乎沒有慢性病。n.

apersonwhois100yearsoldormore

百歲老人

Doctorsstudiedthecentenarian’slifestyletounderstandfactorsinhealthyaging.醫(yī)生研究了這位百歲老人的生活方式，以了解健康衰老的因素。020103centenarianLanguagepointsparlancen.

aparticularwayofusingwordsorexpressingyourself,forexampleoneusedbyaparticulargroup說法；術語

Inmedicalparlance,“URI”standsforupperrespiratoryinfection.在醫(yī)學術語中，“URI”代表上呼吸道感染。Thedoctortranslatedthediagnosisintoeverydayparlanceforthepatient.醫(yī)生把診斷結(jié)果用日常說法解釋給患者聽。Languagepoints01compressionn.

theprocessofpressingorsqueezingsth.sothatitissmaller壓緊；壓縮02Compressionofthenervecancausearmpain.神經(jīng)受壓可能導致手臂疼痛。03Thismachineusesgentlecompressiontoaidmusclerecovery.這臺機器通過溫和的壓縮幫助肌肉恢復。Languagepointsmobidity

n.

thepresenceofillness,disease,orhealthconditionsthatnegativelyimpactanindividual’squalityoflife

病態(tài)；不健康

Chronicstresssignificantlyelevatesmorbidityriskinadults.慢性壓力顯著增加成年人的病態(tài)風險。Regularhealthscreeningscanhelpreducepreventablemorbidity.定期健康篩查有助于降低可預防疾病的發(fā)病幾率。Languagepointsv.tolocateordescribeexactlyorprecisely準確指出Thereportpinpointedalackofexerciseasakeyriskfactor.報告指出缺乏運動是一個關鍵風險因素。

Thedoctorpinpointedstressasthemaincauseofhersymptoms.醫(yī)生指出壓力是她癥狀的主要原因。pinpointLanguagepointsmimicv.

tobehaveorworkinthesamewayassth.else模仿Certainvirusesmimicthebody’sownproteinstoavoiddetection.某些病毒模仿人體自身蛋白質(zhì)以逃避檢測。Thissyntheticdrugcanmimictheeffectsofnaturalhormones.這種合成藥物能模仿天然激素的作用。Languagepoints1lotteryn.

asituationwhosesuccessorresultisbasedonluckratherthanoneffortorcarefulorganization碰運氣的事2Accesstoexperimentaltreatmentscansometimesseemlikealotteryforterminallyillpatients.對于絕癥患者，獲得實驗性治療有時就像碰運氣。3Findingamatchingorgandonorcanfeellikealottery.找到匹配的器官捐獻者有時就像碰運氣的事。Para.5Barzilai’sresearchhasconcentratedonthegenesthatmodulateour“good”cholesteroltohelpusstayhealthierinavarietyofways.Hisstudyparticipantsaremuchmorelikelytohaveaspecific

variantofthecholesterol-controllingCETPgene.Thosepatientstendtolivelongerwithbetterbrainfunction,hesays.Emulatingthatgene’seffectsisnowatargetofongoingresearch.Para.5Withsuchdrugsinourarsenalinthefuture,Barzilaisays,humanscanandwillimprovetheirhealthspan–particularlyiftheyfollowcurrentrecommendationsformodifyingdiet,exercise,andsocialinteractions.Languagepointsmodulatev.

tochangesth.,esp.inordertoachieveaparticulareffect調(diào)整；改變Thebraincanmodulatepainsignalstoreducediscomfort.大腦能夠改變疼痛信號以減輕不適感。Exercisemaymodulatebloodsugarlevelsindiabeticpatients.運動可能調(diào)整糖尿病患者的血糖水平。Languagepointscholesteroln.

asubstanceinyourbloodthatcancauseheartdiseaseifyouhavetoomuchofit膽固醇Highcholesterolcanincreasetheriskofheartdisease.高膽固醇會增加患心臟病的風險。Exerciseiseffectiveinmanaginghealthycholesterollevels.運動對維持健康的膽固醇水平很有效。Languagepointsemulatev.

totrytobelikesb.orsth.else,usu.becauseyouadmirethem（通常由于羨慕而）仿效Youngdoctorsoftenemulateskilledsurgeonsintheoperatingroom.年輕醫(yī)生常在手術室里仿效技術精湛的外科醫(yī)生。Shetriestoemulatethenurse’sgentlewaywithanxiouspatients.她努力仿效那位護士安撫焦慮患者的溫柔方式。Languagepointsarsenaln.

theequipment,methods,etc.thatsb.canusetohelpthemachievesth.寶庫；珍藏Medicalsciencehasanarsenaloftreatmentsforinfections.醫(yī)學領域擁有大量治療感染的方法。Publichealthcampaignsdrawfromanarsenalofpreventionstrategies.公共衛(wèi)生宣傳借鑒了大量預防策略。Para.6Prevention,accordingtoInouye,isthemostimportantworkinhealthspan.Recentresearchpublishedin

JAMAInternalMedicine,

whereInouyeservesaseditorinchief,showsthatdiet,exercise,braingames,andotherstepscansignificantlyhelppreservecerebralfunction.Para.6Barzilaiagrees.“Rightnow,withouttakinganydrugs,wecanbasicallymaximizeourexercise,ournutrition,oursleep,andoursocialconnectivity,”hesays.“Thosearethefourthingsthatanybodywhowantstocando.”Languagepoints1cerebrala.relatingtothebrain

大腦的;腦的

2Cerebralbloodvesselsneedtobeingoodconditiontoensuresufficientoxygensupplytothebrain.腦血管需要處于良好狀態(tài)，以確保向大腦提供充足的氧氣。3Thepatient'ssymptomsmightberelatedtoaprobleminthecerebralhemisphere.患者的癥狀可能與大腦半球出現(xiàn)的問題有關。Languagepointsconnectivityn.theabilitytoestablishandmaintainmeaningfulrelationshipsandinteractionswithothers聯(lián)結(jié)性Healthymuscleconnectivityhelpswithsmoothbodymovement.健康肌肉的聯(lián)結(jié)性有助于身體實現(xiàn)平穩(wěn)運動。Damagetothespinemayreduceconnectivitybetweenthebrainandlegs.脊柱損傷可能會降低大腦與腿部之間的聯(lián)結(jié)性。Para.7Yetamongthesefactors,socialconnectivityisoftenthemostoverlooked–despiteitsprofoundimpactonagingwell.Thisneglectcancauseissuesovertimebecausepeople’sfriendcirclesnaturallytendtoshrinkastheyage.Para.7

Evenifyouroutinelyinteractwithatleastonepersonyoulivewith,likeaspouse,othersocialrelationshipsandexperiencesremainimportantinoldagebecausetheycanoffsetlonelinessandkeepyoumentallysharp.Languagepointsv.

todosth.toreduceorpreventthebadorharmfuleffectsofsth.抵消offsetExercisecanoffsetthenegativeeffectsofasedentarylifestyle.運動可以抵消久坐生活方式帶來的負面影響。Ahealthydietmayoffsetsomerisksofheartdisease.健康的飲食或許能抵消心臟病的部分風險。

Para.8Beyondlifestyleandsocialties,proactivehealthmonitoringcanfurtheroptimizelongevity.Para.8

MattKaeberlein,alongevityresearcherfromtheUniversityofWashington,advisesthatregularlytrackingbaselinehealthindicatorssuchasvitaminlevels,hormonebalance,andbloodsugarlevelsinyour30sor40scanprovidevaluableinsights.Thisearlydatacouldinformwhatactionstotakelaterinlifeandletyouknowifurgentinterventionsareneeded.Languagepointsa.

makingthingshappenorchangeratherthanreactingtoevents積極的；主動的proactive

Aproactiveapproachhelpspreventmanyillnesses.積極的做法有助于預防多種疾病。Doctorsencourageproactivelifestylechangesforbetterhealth.醫(yī)生鼓勵人們積極調(diào)整生活方式，以實現(xiàn)更健康的狀態(tài)。Languagepointsv.

tomakesth.aseffective,perfect,orusefulaspossible優(yōu)化Sleepqualityshouldbeoptimizedforbetterhealth.應優(yōu)化睡眠質(zhì)量以增進健康。Doctorsaimtooptimizepatientrecoverytime.醫(yī)生致力于優(yōu)化患者的康復時間。010203optimize

Para.9Ultimately,thesecrettolivingalong,healthylifeisalsothesecrettolivingafulfillingone.Throughgeneticinterventiontodelaydisease,lifestyleadjustment,andearlydetectiontopredictrisk,theextensionofahealthylifewillnolongerbeavision,butapracticalpictureoflife.Alongerhealthspanoffersmorethanjustextrayears.Para.9Imagineagingnotasadecline,butasanopportunitytocontribute

wisdom,nurturerelationships,andexplorepassionsunhinderedbypreventableillness.This

visiontransformslongevityfromabiologicalachievementintoasocietalasset.Byprioritizinghealthspan,wecanredefineagingasaphaseofgrowth,wherevitalityandmeaningcoexist,empoweringpeopletoleavelastinglegaciesshapedbyexperienceandresilience.Languagepointsunhindereda.

withoutanythingstoppingorpreventingtheprogressofsb./sth.不受阻擋的

Unhinderedbloodflowisvitalforhearthealth.暢通無阻的血流對心臟健康至關重要。Aclearairwayensuresunhinderedbreathingduringsurgery.通暢的氣道能確保手術期間呼吸不受阻礙。Languagepointsprioritizev.

totreatsth.asbeingmoreimportantthanotherthings優(yōu)先處理Doctorsmustprioritizetreatingthemostcriticalpatientsfirst.醫(yī)生必須優(yōu)先處理最危急的患者。Theclinicprioritizesurgentcasesoverroutinecheck-ups.診所將緊急病例置于常規(guī)檢查之前優(yōu)先處理。Languagepointslegacyn.

sth.thatisapartofyourhistoryorthatremainsfromanearliertime遺產(chǎn)；遺留物Hislegacyfundstrainingforyoungdoctors.他的遺產(chǎn)用于資助年輕醫(yī)生的培訓。Hislifelongstudiesleftalegacyofknowledgeaboutraregeneticdiseases.他畢生的研究為罕見遺傳病領域留下了寶貴的知識遺產(chǎn)。developingdrugsto2)________________effectsofbeneficialgenesApproachestoalongerhealthspanGeneticresearchfocusingongeneslikethecholesterol-controlling1)

__________geneCETPemulate/mimicApproachestoalongerhealthspanLifestyleadjustmenttakingstepslikediet,exercise,andbraingamestopreserve3)

__________________healthbrain/cerebralApproachestoalongerhealthspan__________maintainingsocialrelationshipsandexperiencestooffset5)

__________andkeepmentalsharpnessSocialconnectivitylonelinessusingearlydatatoinformlateractionsanddetecttheneedfor8)

__________interventionsApproachestoalongerhealthspanProactivehealthmonitoringtracking6)

_________________suchasvitaminlevels,hormonebalance,and7)

______________levelsbaselinehealthindicatorsbloodsugarurgent3.Difficulties&Paraphrasing1(Para.1)“Whilemodernmedicineandimprovedlivingconditionshaveextendedourlifeexpectancy,manyofusarealsospendingagreatportionofourlaterlives–sometimesoveradecade–saddledwithphysicalandmentalhealthconditionsthatcanmakedailylifechallenging.”1(Para.1)ParaphraseEventhoughadvancesinmodernhealthcareandbetterlivingenvironmentshavelengthenedhowlongwe’reexpectedtolive,alotofusendupspendingalargepartofourlateryears—oftenmorethantenyears—burdenedbyphysicalandpsychologicalhealthissuesthatcanturneverydaylifeintoastruggle.2(Para.4)“Theframeworkiscurrentlyunderwaytoprovidedirection,preventproblems,regulatealgorithmprotocols,weighthebenefitsofintelligenttechnologyagainsttheharms,allowfordataprivacy,andaddresshealthinequalityissuesforpatientswhomaynothavereliableinternetaccess.”“Bornwithexceptionalgenetics,pinpointingwhichgenesarelinkedtoage-relateddisorderscouldleadtodrugsthatmimictheireffectsforpeoplewhoweren’tasluckyinthegeneticlottery.”2(Para.4)ParaphraseCertainindividualscomeintotheworldwithsuchimpressivegenetics.Byfiguringoutwhichofthesegenesaretiedtoresistingage-relateddiseases,scientistscouldcreatedrugsthatcopytheirbeneficialeffects—helpingthosewhoweren’tasgeneticallyfor