【英語】高二英語閱讀理解易錯剖析一、高中英語閱讀理解1．閱讀理解

Itcouldhavebeenanyofus,butithappenedtobeme.Ireceivedabrief18-monthsofundividedattentionandloveastheonlychild,beforethreemoreappeared.Thesecondwasasevereblow.Nodoubt,learningtheneedtosharewasimportant,butIhadtastedthelifeofanonlychild.

Thencameyearsofrequeststolookafterthesiblings（兄弟姐妹）,beingurgedthat,Youshouldbesettingabetterexample,“AgainandagaintheothersgotawaywithdoingwrongbutIdidn't.Weeachplayedourroles;thesecondonewholaterskippedschooltomeetboys;theeversoattractivethird,theboywhocoulddonowrong;andfinallythesurpriseappearanceofthefourth,seemedcertaintobespoiledevennow.Sothatleftme:thereasonable,quietonewhogotthegrades,didthehouseworkandbecameachameleon（變色龍）—skilledatreadingasituationandbeingwhatwasneeded.

Theneventuallycamethechancetobethefirsttoleaveandexperiencelifeontheoutside,notdefined（定義）astheeldest.ThemomentIhadwaitedfor.Butnow,manyyearslater,beingtheeldestmattersagain.It'sdowntome;itseems,totaketheleadincaringforourparents,AHthetimeIwasmadetolearnaboutsharing;however,whenitcomestoresponsibility,itnolongerseemstoapply.Theothersaretoobusy,toofaraway,ortoounconcerned.SodutifullyItravelmanytimesacrossthecountryforhourstoprovidecareandsupport.Requeststomysiblingstohelpoutmorefallondeafears.Tome,thedutifulfirstborn,itfeelsliketherightandonlythingtodo;tobethereforourparentsastheywereforus.Sadly,thatfeelingisn'tsharedbythesecond,thirdorfourth.（1）Howdoestheauthorcommentonthefourchildreninthesecondparagraph?A.

AngrilyandBitterly.

B.

Angrilyandproudly.C.

Bitterlyandhumorously.

D.

Humorouslyandproudly.（2）Howdidtheauthordevelophissocialskills?A.

Throughhardwork.

B.

Withtheparents'help.C.

Attheparents'request.

D.

Inpracticeforeffectiveness.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphrefersto?A.

Tocarefortheold.

B.

Tohelptheyoung.C.

Toliveoutsidealone.

D.

Totravelnationwide.（4）Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.

Thewriterhatestobetheeldest.

B.

Thewriterfeelsproudofhisrole.C.

Thewriterissatisfiedwithhisattempt.

D.

Thewriterisregretfulaboutthesiblings.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文為夾敘夾議文。作者作為家中四個孩子中的老大，從小被要求照顧小的，給兄妹樹立好的榜樣。父母老了，第一個關(guān)心照顧父母，認為照顧父母是自己的責任，但是其他的兄妹卻只一味地推脫照顧老人的責任，這讓作者深感遺憾。（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的描述，作者的三兄弟姐妹相繼出生后自己要為他們樹立好的榜樣，其他的人犯錯不被處罰而我不能，描述老二用“逃學見男友skippedschooltomeetboys“，老三”迷人attractive“的男孩，老四的出生是個”suprise“，而且一直被寵壞spoiled了。這一切的一切讓我成為一個明白道理的、安靜的成績好的，做家務(wù)的，擅長做一切的人。由此可推斷出作者所用語言有點苦澀但風趣。分析選項可知C項符合題，故答案選C。（2）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Thencameyearsofrequeststolookafterthesiblings（兄弟姐妹）,beingurgedthat,Youshouldbesettingabetterexample,”接下來是多年來被要求照顧兄弟姐妹，被敦促樹立一個好的榜樣。根據(jù)常識這一切該是孩子的父母要求大的孩子照顧小的，要求大的給小的做榜樣。故答案選C。（3）猜測詞義題。分析Tome,thedutifulfirstborn,itfeelsliketherightandonlythingtodo;tobethereforourparentsastheywereforus.本句中的it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的動詞不定式todo;tobethereforourparentsastheywereforus.，即對我來說，第一個出生的一直盡職本份的我，因為父母曾養(yǎng)育了我們，我們要照顧他們，這是正確的唯一要做的事。由此可知“it'指的是照顧老人。故答案選A。（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，作者對父母盡心盡力地照顧，而其他的兄弟姐妹卻置之不理，推脫責任，他們認為這只是我應(yīng)該做的事。作者認為非常遺憾，他們?nèi)置貌粦?yīng)該有這種感覺。由此可推斷出作者對于其他的兄妹深表遺憾。故答案選D。【點評】英語閱讀理解細節(jié)題具體方法與步驟：①排除干擾項，突出主題。事實細節(jié)題的設(shè)計干擾項一般都是某一細節(jié)的錯誤敘述與論斷，可先排除干擾項。②按文章的體裁，作者寫作的組織模式及有關(guān)的信息詞，如forexample，first，second…等預(yù)測應(yīng)該到何處尋找自己所需要的事實。③快速通篇跳讀，自左至右，自上而下呈Z形掃視，直到找到細節(jié)出處，待找到含細節(jié)句子時，放慢速度，仔細核對比較內(nèi)容，直至找到答案。④注意識別指代詞語。為避免重復(fù)，文章中對多次提及的事物或現(xiàn)象會使用不同的詞語，如同義詞、近義詞、代詞等。2．閱讀理解

Anyonecantrytoleadagroup,butnoteveryindividualiscutoutforleadership.Thebetterleaderspossessafewqualitiesthatcanmeanthedifferencebetweenthesuccessandfailureofthegroup.Thesearethequalitiestheleaderofhigherrankwilllookforwhenchoosingaleaderforagroup,orwhenevaluatingtheperformanceofaleader.They'realsothequalitiesteammemberswantinagroupleader,andappreciatewhentheyfindthem.

TakeResponsibility

Groupleadersmightsharetasksaroundagroupasnecessary,buteventuallyagroupleaderneedstobeabletoacceptthatresponsibilityliesonhisshoulders.Thatmeansthatifthingsgowronginagroupproject,he'stheonewhomustaccepttheconsequencesandworkoutwhatmistakesaremade.Thegroupleaderwon'talwayshavethepowertocontroleverythinggroupmembersdo,butheshouldbereadytoadmitanymistakesthegrouphasmadeasaresultofhisleadership

ConcernforMembers

Thegroupleaderhasacommitmenttothetaskorprojectathand,butperhapsmoreimportantly,hehasarealconcernforeachandeverypersonwhoispartofhisgroup.Thismeansgettingtoknowthestrengths,weaknessesandgoalsofteammembers,aswellasmakingtimetobuildthegroupthroughcollectiveactivities.Thegroupleadershouldmakesurethateveryoneisincluded,evenifanindividualisnewtoagroup.

GoodListener

Thegroupleaderneedstobeabletolistentothesuggestions,complaintsandideasofgroupmembers.Notonlywillthisallowcomplaintstobeaddressedandpotentiallysuitableideastobeputintopractice,butaleaderwholistenswillalsoencouragegroupmemberstosharetheirconcernsandthoughts,creatinganatmosphereoffreespeechandproductivity.（1）Thepassageismainlyabout____________.A.

choosingagoodleaderforagroup.

B.

assessingtheperformanceofaleader.C.

teammembers'appreciationofaleader.

D.

qualitiesofagoodgroupleader.（2）Agoodleadershouldalwaysbeableto_______.A.

tellwhenthingsgowronginagroupproject.

B.

recognizeanymistakesashisown.C.

makegroupmembersadmittheirmistakes.

D.

controleverythinggroupmembersdo.（3）Accordingto"Concernsformembers",whichofthefollowingisagoodqualityofaleader?A.

fair

B.

reliable

C.

determined

D.

generous（4）Whichofthefollowingisnotabenefitofthegroupleaderbeingagoodlistener?A.

Offeringachanceforgroupmemberstoexpressthemselvesfreely.

B.

Makingitpossibletodealwithgroupmembers'complaints.C.

Allowingtheleadertoputhisideasintopractice.

D.

Makinggroupmembersproductivebysharingtheirthoughts.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了關(guān)于好的領(lǐng)導所應(yīng)具備的能力和品質(zhì)的：責任心、關(guān)愛和善于傾聽。（1）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thesearethequalitiestheleaderofhigherrankwilllookforwhenchoosingaleaderforagroup,orwhenevaluatingtheperformanceofaleader.They'realsothequalitiesteammemberswantinagroupleader,andappreciatewhentheyfindthem.”可知本文主要介紹了領(lǐng)袖人物所要具有的品質(zhì)，同樣這些品質(zhì)也是團隊成員想在領(lǐng)袖身上看見的。故選D。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thegroupleaderwon'talwayshavethepowertocontroleverythinggroupmembersdo,butheshouldbereadytoadmitanymistakesthegrouphasmadeasaresultofhisleadership.”可知作為團隊領(lǐng)袖，應(yīng)該愿意接受成員所犯的錯誤，并愿意把這些錯誤當成是由于自己的原因造成的。故選B項。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thegroupleadershouldmakesurethateveryoneisincluded,evenifanindividualisnewtoagroup.”可知領(lǐng)袖要確保團隊里所有人都參與活動，包括新人在內(nèi)。也就是說要保持公平的態(tài)度。故選A。（4）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Notonlywillthisallowcomplaintstobeaddressedandpotentiallysuitableideastobeputintopractice,butaleaderwholistenswillalsoencouragegroupmemberstosharetheirconcernsandthoughts,creatinganatmosphereoffreespeechandproductivity.”可知ABD三項都是領(lǐng)袖人物善于傾聽帶來的好處，只有C項沒有提及，故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行推理，歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Afourth-gradeteacherallowedoneofherstudentstoshaveherheadintheschoolyard,afterbullies（仗勢欺人者）teasedhimabouthisownshortbuzzcut（短寸頭發(fā)型）.ToriNelsongottheideaafternoticingthatMatthewFinney,ashyboyfromherhomeroomatWinlockMillerElementarySchoolinWashingtonstate,wasstandingoutsidehisclassroomcryingandwearingawinterhat.

Ms.Nelsoncouldseethebackofhisneckhadbeenshaved,andsinceMatthewusuallyhadverythickbrowncurlyhair,sherealizedthathe'dhadahaircutovertheweekend.Sheaskedhimwhatwaswrong,andhesaidhe'dgottenabuzzcutforthesummer.Butthismorning,afifthgraderonthebusmadefunofhim,andhedidn'twanttocometoclassandgetteasedbyotherkids.MsNelsontriedtoconvinceMatthewtocomeinside,butsinceschoolrulesprohibitkidsfromwearinghatsindoorsherefused–explainingthathewasafraidofshowinghishaircuttotheotherchildrenincasetheyalsomadefunofhim.

FinallyIsaid:"Ifyoutakeoffyourhatandcometoclass,I'llletyougivemeabuzzcut,too,"'MsNelsontoldYahooParenting.Ifiguredit'sjusthair,andmineisalreadyshortanyway.Imightaswellgetitshorterintimeforthewarmweather.'

Matthewexcitedlytookherupontheoffer,andMsNelsonandanotherteachergatheredallthefourthgraderstogetherduringbreaktime.Aschoolemployeebroughtinscissors,whichMatthewusedtothecheersofhisclassmates,excitedlywatchingashisteacher'shairfellawayontothegroundintheschoolyard.

'Itwasalotoffunforthekids,andithelpedMatthewfeelbetterabouthimself,'saidMsNelson.'Youhavetodowhatittakestoreachchildren.Teachingisn'tjustaboutreadingandwriting,it'saboutself-esteemandacceptingdifferences.'（1）WhatmainlyledtoMatthew'sstandingoutsidetheclassroom?A.

Hisfearofbeinglaughedat.

B.

Hiswillingnesstolearn.C.

Hisviolatingschoolrules.

D.

Hisnotfinishinghishomework.（2）WhydidMs.Nelsonhaveherheadshaved?A.

ToshowsympathyforMatthew.

B.

TocomfortandencourageMatthew.C.

Toprepareforthewarmweather.

D.

Toshowheruniquepersonality.（3）WhatisMsNelsonlike?A.

responsibleandcaring

B.

knowledgeableandcreativeC.

Humorousandeasygoing

D.

Stronganddetermined（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.

Therealmeaningofteaching

B.

StanduptoschoolbullyingC.

Teachkidstorespectdifferences

D.

Ahaircutfulloflove【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，Matthew由于害怕同學們嘲笑自己的頭發(fā)不敢進教室，老師ToriNelson安慰他，并和他一起剪了頭發(fā)。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Butthismorning,afifthgraderonthebusmadefunofhim,andhedidn'twanttocometoclassandgetteasedbyotherkids.和explainingthathewasafraidofshowinghishaircuttotheotherchildrenincasetheyalsomadefunofhim.”可知Matthew在教室外哭泣不敢進去是因為害怕同學們嘲笑他。故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)老師ToriNelson和學生一起剪頭發(fā)和最后一段中的“Itwasalotoffunforthekids,andithelpedMatthewfeelbetterabouthimself,'和Teachingisn'tjustaboutreadingandwriting,it'saboutself-esteemandacceptingdifferences.”可知ToriNelson老師這樣做是為了給學生安慰和鼓勵，培養(yǎng)學生的自尊。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“MsNelsontriedtoconvinceMatthewtocomeinside.老師對學生說的“Ifyoutakeoffyourhatandcometoclass,I'llletyougivemeabuzzcut,too,"和最后一段中的“Itwasalotoffunforthekids,andithelpedMatthewfeelbetterabouthimself,”可知ToriNelson老師對學生負責任，關(guān)心學生。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。本文講述了Matthew由于害怕同學們嘲笑自己的頭發(fā)不敢進教室，老師ToriNelson安慰他，并和他一起剪頭發(fā)的故事，表現(xiàn)了老師既負責又有愛心。D.Ahaircutfulloflove概括了本文內(nèi)容，表達了本文主題，適合作為本文標題。故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Osaka,Japan—DefendingchampionsChinaliftedtheFIVBWomen'sVolleyballWorldCuptrophy(獎杯)withperfect11straightwinsaftereasingpastArgentina3-0hereonSunday.Withtheireleventhwinatthe2019FIVBVolleyballWomen'sWorldCup,ChinawontheFIVBWomen'sVolleyballWorldCup.

Thisyear,theWorldCuphasbeenplayedacrossdifferentcities,andTeamChinahadtrainingsessionsevenontravelingdayswhensomeparticipatingteamschosetorestupafteratiringflight."CoachLangfocusesondetailsofthetechniqueinthetrainingsessions,andIfeelourteamhasbecomemorebalanced."CaptainZhuTingsaid.ThisfirmapproachexplainshowChinamanagedtoturnthetableagainsttheUnitedStatesattheWorldCup.Neverquit,especiallyinadversity.That'swhatthespiritofChinesewomen'svolleyballmeans.

Whentheteamstruggled,Zhuwasalwaysthere,doingwhateverwasneededtocarrytheteamforward.That'swhyshehasbecomeanationalvolleyballicon,justlike"IronHammer"Lang.AsforLang,shetookovertheflagfromherformercoachYuanWeimin,whowasbehindChina'sriseinthebeginning.FromcoachYuantocoachLang,andspiker(主攻手)LangtospikerZhu,theflagbearersmayhavechangedovertime,butthecravingforchampionshipsandthesteelydesireanddeterminationremainthesame.

Volleyballisateamsportandbehindtheon-courtteamthereisalwaysasupportivecoachingteamandstaff.Laiwasoneofthemembers,shoulderingresponsibilitiesasbothvicedirectorofChina'sVolleyballManagementCenterandasassistantcoach.Apartfromcoordinatingbetweencoachesandplayers,ChinesecoachesandforeigncoachesandsometimeswithinChinesecoaches,shealsohastodochores.DuringRio2016,assistantcoachYuanLingxiheadedforthearena（競技場）at6ameverydaytofilmthematchesandwouldreturntotheOlympicVillageat2amwhenhewouldstartanalyzingChina'sopponentsandfilereports.TherearemanyLaisandYuansthatarenotknownbythepublic,butwhoremainindispensablefortheteamtoovercomedifficultiesandreachtheirpeak.（1）WhatdoesthespiritofChinesewomen'svolleyballmeanaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Beingaspecialteam.B.Stickingtotheend.C.Winningeverygame.D.Traininghardeveryday.（2）WhydoesZhuTingbecomeanationalvolleyballicon?A.ShewinsmanyawardsintheWorldCup.B.Shekeepsstrongdesireanddetermination.C.Shetakeslotsoftrainingafterthetiringflight.D.Shedoesalmosteverythingtohelptheteamforward.（3）Whatdoestheauthorintendtoconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Hardworkisvitalinvolleyballmatches.B.Thecoachhasagreatinfluenceonplayers.C.Thestaffbehindtheon-courtteamisalsoessential.D.Understandingopponentsisnecessarytowinthegame.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道，衛(wèi)冕冠軍中國隊以3:0戰(zhàn)勝阿根廷隊,以11連勝奪得了國際排聯(lián)女子排球世界杯獎杯。永不放棄是中國女排精神所在。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第而段中的“Neverquit,especiallyinadversity.That'swhatthespiritofChinesewomen'svolleyballmeans”可知，中國女排精神的含義是：永不放棄，尤其是在逆境中。故選B。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Whentheteamstruggled,Zhuwasalwaysthere,doingwhateverwasneededtocarrytheteamforward.That'swhyshehasbecomeanationalvolleyballicon”可知，隊長朱婷成為排球偶像是因為當球隊拼搏時，朱婷總是跟他們站在一起，并且做一切事情來帶領(lǐng)球隊前進。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Volleyballisateamsportandbehindtheon-courtteam,thereisalwaysasupportivecoachingteamandstaff”和最后一段中的“TherearemanyLaisandYuansthatarenotknownbythepublic,butwhoremainindispensablefortheteamtoovercomedifficultiesandreachtheirpeak.”可知，作者認為排球是一項團隊運動。在場上球隊的背后，還有支持他們的教練團隊和員工。作者舉出兩名助理教練賴亞文、袁靈犀的例子，說明有很多像他們這樣的人，是球隊克服困難和達到頂峰所不可缺少的。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇新聞報道，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

TheFrenchDanonecompanyisthelatesttoreplacesomeplasticwaterbottleswithaluminum(鋁)cans.CompetitorslikeCoca-Cola,PepsiCoandNestlehavealsostartedsellingwaterinaluminumcans.

Replacingplasticwaterbottlesthatpollutetheseaswithrecyclablealuminumcansshouldbeaneasywaytohelptheenvironment,right?Maybenot.

Aluminumcansmightresultinlessoceanwaste,andthemetalcontainersalsoarelighterthanglassorplasticbottles,buttheyalsocomewiththeirowncosttotheenvironment.Theproductionofanaluminumcanisestimatedtoreleasetwotimesasmuchcarbondioxideintotheairasaplasticbottle.

"That'sthedilemmayou'regoingtohavetochoosebetween,"saidRubenGriffioen,anofficialatbeermakerHeineken.HesaidhiscompanywasLryingtoreducetheuseofplasticbottles.

BruceKarasofCoca-ColaNorthAmericaagreed.Hesaid,"There'samix.Therearesomethingsthatarenotthatdesirable,butifyouhavefivegoodthingsandonethatisn't,we'llallhavetomakedecisions."Headded,"It'llneverbethatclean.”

Bottledwaterisa19billionindustry.Althoughitsuseofcansisincreasing,expertssaycansareunlikelytocompletelyreplaceplasticbottles.

Aluminumiscostlierthanplasticsocanneddrinksmeanhigherpricesforbuyers.Anothermajorconsiderationisuserconvenience-cansstayopenwhilebottlescanbereclosed.Moreimportantly,thereisonebarriertoendingtheuseofplasticwaterbottles:Theremaynotbeenoughcanstogoaround.Beerandwinemakersarenowalsoincreasinglyusingaluminum.（1）What'stheadvantageofaluminumcans?A.Theyarepollution-free.B.Theyarelighter.C.Theyarecost-effective.D.Theyarelow-carbon.（2）WhatisKaras'sattitudetoreplacingplasticbottleswithaluminumcans?A.Supportive.B.Disapproving.C.NeutralD.Indifferent.（3）Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Thewideapplicationofaluminumcans.B.ThepromisingfuturealuminumcansC.Themajoradvantagesofaluminumcans.D.Theunavoidablelimitationsofaluminumcans.（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AluminumCansorPlasticBottles?B.ABlessingoraMisfortune?C.HowtoDealwithPlasticBottles?D.WhyDoWeChooseAluminumCans?【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了鋁罐代替塑料或玻璃瓶的優(yōu)勢，如鋁罐可能會減少海洋垃圾，金屬容器也比玻璃或塑料瓶輕，但它們也會給環(huán)境帶來代價，同時說明了使用鋁罐的一些局限性。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Aluminumcansmightresultinlessoceanwaste,andthemetalcontainersalsoarelighterthanglassorplasticbottles,buttheyalsocomewiththeirowncosttotheenvironment.”鋁罐可能會減少海洋垃圾，金屬容器也比玻璃或塑料瓶輕，但它們也會給環(huán)境帶來代價，可知鋁罐的優(yōu)點是它們更輕。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“BruceKarasofCoca-ColaNorthAmericaagreed.”來自北美可口可樂公司的BruceKaras對此表示贊同，可知Karas對用鋁罐代替塑料瓶持支持態(tài)度。故選A。（3）考查段落大意。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Moreimportantly,thereisonebarriertoendingtheuseofplasticwaterbottles:Theremaynotbeenoughcanstogoaround.”更重要的

是，停止使用塑料水瓶有一個障礙：可能沒有足夠的罐子，結(jié)合本段主要說明了鋁罐的造價高和數(shù)量不夠等一些不可避免的局限性，故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第二段中的“Replacingplasticwaterbottlesthatpollutetheseaswithrecyclablealuminumcansshouldbeaneasywaytohelptheenvironment,right?”用可回收的鋁罐代替污染海洋的塑料水瓶應(yīng)該是一種幫助環(huán)境的簡單方法，對嗎？文章主要說明了鋁罐代替塑料或玻璃瓶的優(yōu)勢，如鋁罐可能會減少海洋垃圾，金屬容器也比玻璃或塑料瓶輕，但它們也會給環(huán)境帶來代價，文章還說明了使用鋁罐的一些局限性。故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷，段落大意和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇生活類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

A2018reportfoundthatfoodwastewouldincreasebyathirdto2.1billiontonsby2030.Beyondthecostofthewasteitself,thrown-awayfoodgeneratesagasthatcontributestoclimatechange.

Homedeliverymealkits(盒)canreducefoodwastebymorethantwo-thirds,butsuppliersneedtoswitchtoreusablepackagingtomakethemenvironmentallyfriendly.

Tailor-mademealkitscutwastebyprovidingpeoplewithpreciseamountsoffreshingredients(烹飪原料)forchosenrecipes,meaningleftoversareminimized.Butwhilethe

deliveryservicesscorewellonreducingfoodwaste,buyingthesamefoodingredientsfromthesupermarketalmostalwayssavesenergyoverallsimplybecausemealkitsusesomuchsingle-usepackaging.Thegoodnewsisthatifpeoplehavemealsthataretailoredforconsumption,theywon'toverbuyandhavelessfoodwaste.Theyfine-tunetheamountoffoodtowhattheywillactuallyeat.

Mealkitscanreducetransportemissions(排放)ifpeoplegotothesupermarketlessfrequently.Ifpeopleonlygoandbuysuchgoodsassoapandtoiletpaper,theymayonlyhavetovisitonceeverycoupleofmonths.Adeliverytruckcancarrymealsforalotofpeopleintheneighborhood.Sodozensofcartripsmightbereplacedwithonetrucktrip.

However,studyfoundthatevenifdeliverymealkitsreducedfoodwastetozero,theywouldstilluseupmoreenergyoverallthanbuyingthesamefoodfromthesupermarketunlesstheenergyusedforthemealkitpackagingwascutbyafifth.Thepackagingisakillerifit'ssingle-useandthrownaway,whichcanmakealltheenvironmentalbenefitslost.Butifthepackagingcanbereused,ifit'sglassbottles,likeintheolddays,wecangetsomebenefits.（1）Whatcanwelearnabouthomedeliverymealkits?A.Theycancutdownondailyexpenses.B.Theywilltotallysolvetheproblemoffoodwaste.C.Theycankeepenergyconsumptiontoaminimum.D.Theywillbenefittheenvironmentwithreusablepackaging.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"fine-tune"inparagraph3mean?A.Attach.B.Adjust.C.Raise.D.Compare.（3）Theauthorsuggestscarryingmealswithadeliverytruckto__________.A.reducetransportemissionsB.savemorefoodC.shoponlyinthesupermarketD.shortencartripdistances（4）What'stheauthor'sattitudetomealkits?A.Supportive.B.Unfavorable.C.Objective.D.Indifferent.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，套餐可以減少食物浪費，但包裝是個問題。家庭送餐包可以減少超過三分之二的食物浪費，但供應(yīng)商需要改用可重復(fù)使用的包裝，使其更加環(huán)保。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Homedeliverymealkits(盒)canreducefoodwastebymorethantwo-thirds，”家庭送餐包可以減少三分之二的食物浪費?？梢缘弥衫玫陌b對環(huán)保有益。故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測。第三段主要講述量身定制餐會降低浪費。根據(jù)“Theyfine-tunetheamountoffoodtowhattheywillactuallyeat.”人們可以根據(jù)將要吃多少來調(diào)整食物數(shù)量。可知選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Mealkitscanreducetransportemissions(排放)ifpeoplegotothesupermarketless

frequently.Ifpeopleonlygoandbuysuchgoodsassoapandtoiletpaper，theymayonlyhavetovisitonceeverycoupleofmonths.Adeliverytruckcancarrymealsforalotofpeopleintheneighborhood.Sodozensofcartripsmightbereplacedwithonetrucktrip.”可知餐盒可以減少對交通排放，運送卡車可以一次給小區(qū)很多人送餐飯，減少交通排放。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However，studyfoundthatevenifdeliverymealkitsreducedfoodwastetozero，theywouldstilluseupmoreenergyoverallthanbuyingthesamefoodfromthesupermarketunlesstheenergyusedforthemealkitpackagingwascutbyafifth.”可知研究表明外賣飯盒比超市買食物會耗費更多的能源；以及“Butifthepackagingcanbereused，ifit'sglassbottles，likeintheolddays，wecangetsomebenefits.”但是如果這些包裝能夠被再利用，對我們還是會有一些益處的。作者對飯盒的使用是客觀的態(tài)度。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Chinesescientistsrecentlyhaveproducedtwomonkeyswiththesamegene,ZhongZhongandHuaHua,usingthesametechniquethatgaveusDollythesheep.Thesemonkeysarenotactuallythefirstprimates（靈長類）tobecloned.AnotheronenamedTetrawasproducedinthelate1990sbyembryo（胚胎）splitting,thedivisionofanearly-stageembryointotwoorfourseparatecellstomakeclones.Bycontrast,theywereeachmadebyreplacinganeggcellnucleus（原子核）withDNAfromadifferentiatedbodycell.ThisDollymethod,knownassomaticcellnucleartransfer（SCNT）,cancreatemoreclonesandallowsresearchersgreatercontrolovertheeditstheymaketotheDNA.

Successcamefromadoptingseveralnewtechniques.Theseincludedanewtypeofmicroscopytobetterviewthecellsduringhandlingorusingseveralmaterialsthatencouragecellreprogramming,whichhadn'tbeentriedbeforeonprimates.Still,theresearchprocessproveddifficult,andmanyattemptsbytheteamfailed.Justtwohealthybabymonkeysbornfrommorethan60testedmothers.Thisleadstomanyresearchers'pouringwaterontheideathattheteam'sresultsbringscientistsclosertocloninghumans.Theythoughtthisworkisnotasteppingstonetoestablishingmethodsforobtaininglivebornhumanclones.Instead,thisclearlyremainsaveryfoolishthingtoattempt,itwouldbefartooinefficient,fartoounsafe,anditisalsopointless.

Butthescientistsinvolvedemphasizethatthisisnottheirgoal.Thereisnownobarrierforcloningprimatespecies,thuscloninghumansisclosertoreality.However,theirresearchpurposeisentirelyforproducingnon-humanprimatemodelsforhumandiseases;theyabsolutelyhavenointention,andsocietywillnotpermitthisworktobeextendedtohumans.Despitelimitations,theytreatthisbreakthroughanovelmodelsystemforscientistsstudyinghumanbiologyanddisease.（1）WhatdoweknowaboutthetechnologycalledSCNT?A.

Itcreatedthefirsttwoprimates.

B.

ItmaycontributetoeditingtheDNAC.

Itcandivideanearly-stageembryointoseveralcells.

D.

Itproducedtwoclonedmonkeyswithdifferentgenes.（2）Whatdoestheauthormeanby“pouringwaterontheidea”inparagraph2?A.

Keepingahottopicofit.

B.

Havingalowopinionofit.C.

Attachingnoimportancetoit.

D.

Addingsupportiveevidencetoit.（3）Whatisthescientists'purposetoclonethesemonkeys?A.

Tohelpwiththestudyofhumandiseases.

B.

Toserveasasteppingstonetotheirreputation.C.

Topreparefortheirresearchonhumancloning.

D.

Toraisemoneyforholdinganexhibitionofnovels.（4）Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.

Newtechniquesseemtobepointless.

B.

Cloninghumansisalreadyonitsway.C.

Societywon'tagreetocloneanothermonkey.

D.

Thesuccessrateofcloningamonkeywasnothigh.【答案】（1）B（2）B（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，科學家們利用高科技克隆猴子幫助研究人類疾病。(1)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“ThisDollymethod,knownassomaticcellnucleartransfer（SCNT）,cancreatemoreclonesandallowsresearchersgreatercontrolovertheeditstheymaketotheDNA.”可知，SCNT可能有助于編輯DNA。故選B。(2)考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“Still,theresearchprocessproveddifficult,andmanyattemptsbytheteamfailed.Justtwohealthybabymonkeysbornfrommorethan60testedmothers.Thisleadstomanyresearchers'pouringwaterontheideathattheteam'sresultsbringscientistsclosertocloninghumans.”可知在第二段中“pouringwaterontheidea”的意思是“對它的評價很低?！惫蔬xB。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However,theirresearchpurposeisentirelyforproducingnon-humanprimatemodelsforhumandiseases;theyabsolutelyhavenointention,andsocietywillnotpermitthisworktobeextendedtohumans.”可知，科學家們克隆這些猴子的目的是幫助研究人類疾病。故選A。(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Theythoughtthisworkisnotasteppingstonetoestablishingmethodsforobtaininglivebornhumanclones.Instead,thisclearlyremainsaveryfoolishthingtoattempt,itwouldbefartooinefficient,fartoounsafe,anditisalsopointless.“和最后一段中的“Despitelim