（英語）高考英語高中英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)解題技巧分析及練習(xí)題(含答案)一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Asharkmovingaroundthecoastlineisnormallyaworryingsight，butthiswaterbornedrone(無人機(jī))threatensfloatingrubbishinsteadofpeople.

DevelopedbyDutchcompanyRanMarine,theWasteSharktakesnatureasitsinspirationwithitswhaleshark-likemouth.Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.

AccordingtoRanMarine,theWasteSharkisavailableinbothautonomousandremote-controlledmodels.Measuringjustoverfivefeetbythree-and-a-halffeet(1.5metersby1.1meter),itcancarryupto352poundsofrubbish(159.6kg)andhasanoperationalbatterylifeof16hours.

By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.

"WasteSharkalsohastheabilitiestogatherairandwaterqualitydata,removechemicalsoutofthewatersuchasoil,andheavymetals,andscantheseabedtoreaditsdepthandoutlines,"saidOliverCunningham,oneoftheco-foundersofRanMarine."Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."

"Ourdronesaredesignedtomovethroughawatersystem,whetherit'saroundtheperimeter(周邊)orthroughthecityitself.Thedronesarethatlastlineofdefensebetweenthecityandtheopenocean,"addedCunningham."WasteSharksareoperatinginDubai,SouthAfricaandtheNetherlandsandcost$17,000fortheremote-controlledmodelandjustunder$23,000fortheautonomousmodel."

Dubai-basedoperatorEcocoasthastwoWasteSharkdrones.Co-founderDanaLipartssaystheywillcleanwaterfrontsforclientsincludinghotelsandenvironmentalauthoritiesandthatEcocoast'intentionistohavethecollectedrubbishrecycledorupcycled.However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.（1）WhatdoweknowabouttheWasteShark?A.

Itcanfrightensharksaway.B.

Itisanoceanexplorer.C.

Itisarubbishcollector.D.

Itcancatchfishinsteadofpeople.（2）WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellus?A.

Thecausesofoceanpollution.B.

Thedangersofusingplastics.C.

Theseverityofoceangarbagepollution.D.

Theimportanceofoceanprotection.（3）WhatwilltheWasteSharkdowithanapproachingobject?A.

Avoidcrashingintoit.

B.

Breakitintopieces.

C.

Swallowit.

D.

Flyoverit.（4）WhichofthefollowingideasdoesLipartsagreewith?A.

TheWasteSharkshouldbeusedmorewidely.B.

Moremeasuresshouldbetakentomakewaterclean.C.

TheproductioncostofWasteSharksshouldbereduced.D.

Peopleshouldtakeapositiveattitudetonewtechnology.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹一種水上無人機(jī)可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.”可知，這種無人機(jī)是用來清理垃圾的，故選C。（2）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第四段中的“By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.”可知，預(yù)計(jì)到2016年，海洋里會(huì)有1.5億噸垃圾，估計(jì)約有25萬噸垃圾漂浮在海洋上，故可知，本段主要講述海洋垃圾的嚴(yán)重性，故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的"Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."可知，配備防碰撞系統(tǒng)，無人機(jī)使用激光來探測物體，用測距技術(shù)來探測前方是否有物體，如果探測到物體，無人機(jī)就會(huì)停下來或者后退，故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.”可知，這種無人機(jī)并非解決水上垃圾污染的萬全之策，需要多措并舉，才能達(dá)到目的，故選B?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和段落大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科教類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Supercomputerswhichcananalysebloodsamplesandpredictwhichpatientsarelikelytobecomeseriouslyillcouldsavetensofthousandsoflivesayear,itwasrevealedlastnight,accordingtoTheDailyExpress.

Theartificialintelligence(AI)system,developedatUniversityCollegeLondonandsettobepilotedinNHShospitalslaterthisyear,willscreen"atrisk"patientssodoctorscantakeearlyactiontopreventdeathorseriousillness.ProfYoung,aconsultantsurgeonatSouthendUniversityHospital,said:"Iamsoexcitedaboutthisformoftechnology."Insteadofpeoplegettingsickordyingbecausetheyarenotpickedupintime,thiswillallowustostepinearlierwhichwillsavelivesandanenormousamountofmoney."IthinkthepotentialofAIinhealthcarelikethisisasbigastheIndustrialRevolutionwas—andsignalsacompletelynewexampleinthewaywemanagehealthcare."

ThetechnologyisthebrainchildofDrVishalNangalia,aconsultantattheRoyalFreeHospitalinLondon.HeusedAItoanalyseabillionstoredbloodsamplesfrom20differentUKhospitaltrustsdatingbackupto12years.Computersassessbloodtestresultsbypickingupsubtlechangesinredandwhitebloodcells,suggestingapatientisgoingdownhill.

Hefoundthetechniqueforecastoutcomesofpatientswithkidneyproblemswithupto95percentaccuracy.Traditionalmethodshighlightingseriouspatientconcernspickedupasfewas16percentofpatientswhowentontodie."Thisgivesustheopportunitynotonlytosavelivesbuttopreventseriousillness,makingthehealthservicenotonlysaferbutmoreefficient."ProfYoungsaid,"Insteadofwaitingforpeopletogetworse,wewillbeabletotreatthemearlier."（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"screen"inParagraph2mean?A.

comfort

B.

treat

C.

spot

D.

nurse（2）Howdosupercomputershelpsavelives?A.

Bystoringbloodsamples.

B.

Byanalyzingpatients'cases.C.

Byobservingchangesinbloodcells.

D.

Byassistingdoctorswiththeiroperations.（3）WhydidProfessorYoungmentiontheIndustrialRevolution?A.

ToshowtheinfluenceofAI.B.

Tostresstheimportanceofhealthcare.C.

Tointroducethetopicofsupercomputers.D.

Topresenttheachievementhehasaccomplished.（4）Whatdoweknowaboutthenewtechnology?A.

Ithelpspatientsrecoverearlier.B.

Ithashelpedsavethousandsoflives.C.

Itwillpromotethehealthservicegreatly.D.

Itisintendedforpatientswithkidneydiseases.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)能夠分析血樣并預(yù)測哪些病人可能會(huì)患上重病，每年可以挽救數(shù)萬人的生命。（1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“sodoctorscantakeearlyactiontopreventdeathorseriousillness.”以便醫(yī)生能夠及早采取行動(dòng)，預(yù)防死亡或嚴(yán)重疾病，可以猜測出，人工智能將用于對高危病人進(jìn)行“篩查”。此處screen意為“篩查”。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Computersassessbloodtestresultsbypickingupsubtlechangesinredandwhitebloodcells,suggestingapatientisgoingdownhill.”可知，計(jì)算機(jī)通過檢測紅細(xì)胞和白細(xì)胞的細(xì)微變化來評估血液檢測結(jié)果。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"IthinkthepotentialofAIinhealthcarelikethisisasbigastheIndustrialRevolutionwas—andsignalsacompletelynewexampleinthewaywemanagehealthcare."楊教授認(rèn)為，人工智能在醫(yī)療保健領(lǐng)域的潛力與工業(yè)革命一樣大，以此類比，說明人工智能在醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域的影響力。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Insteadofwaitingforpeopletogetworse,wewillbeabletotreatthemearlier."可知，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)將能夠更早地治療患者，而不是坐等病情惡化，從而推斷，人工智能這一科技幫助醫(yī)生對疾病診療早預(yù)判，早介入，從而幫助挽救大量生命，將大大促進(jìn)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。3．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

GardenerssuchasPrinceCharleswhoclaimthattalkingtoplantsencouragesthemtogrowhavelongbeenseenasalittlesilly.ButscientistshavediscoveredevidencewhichsuggeststheRoyalmayactuallyberightandtheycouldbelisteningtohim.BiologistsatTelAvivUniversityinIsraelhavefoundthatflowerscanactasaplant's"ears"tohelpthemdetectthesoundofapproachinginsects.

Whentheresearchersplayedrecordingsofflyingbeestoeveningprimroseflowers,withinthreeminutesthesugarconcentrationsinthenectar(花蜜)ofitsflowersincreased.Thefluid,producedtoattractpollinating(授粉)insects,wasonaverage20percenthigherinflowersexposedtothebuzzcomparedtothoseleftinsilenceorexposedtohigherpitchedsounds.ProfessorLilachHadany,wholedthestudy,said:"Ourresultsdocumentforthefirsttimethatplantscanrapidlyrespondtopollinatorsoundsinanecologicallyrelevantway."

However,ProfHadanysaidaplant'sabilitytorespondtopollinatorsmaybeweakenedincityenvironmentsorbesideabusyroad.Whileplantsrequirewater,sunlightandtherighttemperaturetogrow,itiswidelybelievedtheydonothavesensesinthewayanimalsdo.

Butthestudy,publishedontheopen-sciencewebsiteBioRxiv,suggeststheeffortsofgardenerswhotalktotheirplantsmaynotbeinvain."Plants'abilitytohearhasimplicationswellbeyondpollination—plantscouldpotentiallyhearandrespondtoherbivores,otheranimals,theelements,andpossiblyotherplants,"ProfHadanyadded.

Amonth-longexperimentconductedbytheRoyalHorticulturalSocietyin2009foundfemalevoicesappeartospeedupthegrowthoftomatoes.Theresearchoffersapossibleexplanation—women'svoiceswereattherightfrequencyfortheplantstohear.（1）What'seveningprimroseflowers'responsetobees'buzz?A.

Longerbloom.

B.

Sweeternectar.

C.

Brightercolor.

D.

Lessfluid.（2）WherecanplantsgrowbetteraccordingtoHadany?A.

Onasquare.

B.

Besideahighway.

C.

Inthewoods.

D.

Alongthestreet.（3）Whatcanweinferfromtheresearch?A.

PrinceCharlesproveskindofstupid.B.

Plantscanonlypotentiallyhearanimals.C.

Plantsrespondtosoundsslowlyandecologically.D.

Plantsgardenerstalktofrequentlydevelopwell.（4）Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.

Flowerscanhear.

B.

Beesarebestpollinators.C.

Plantscan'tgrowwithoutsound.

D.

Women'svoicesimproveplants'growth.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了人與植物的交流可以促其生長。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Whentheresearchersplayedrecordingsofflyingbeestoeveningprimroseflowers,withinthreeminutesthesugarconcentrationsinthenectar(花蜜)ofitsflowersincreased.”可知，蜜蜂飛到夜來香花，在三分鐘內(nèi)其花朵花蜜的糖的濃度會(huì)增加，所以花蜜會(huì)更甜。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“However,ProfHadanysaidaplant'sabilitytorespondtopollinatorsmaybeweakenedincityenvironmentsorbesideabusyroad.”哈達(dá)尼教授認(rèn)為，植物對傳粉者做出反應(yīng)的能力可能會(huì)在城市環(huán)境或繁忙道路旁減弱。從而推斷可知，在叢林里的植物生長得更好。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Butthestudy,publishedontheopen-sciencewebsiteBioRxiv,suggeststheeffortsofgardenerswhotalktotheirplantsmaynotbeinvain.”研究表明，園丁們和他們的植物交談的努力可能不會(huì)白費(fèi)。從而推斷可知，園丁經(jīng)常與植物交談，生長得更好。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段“GardenerssuchasPrinceCharleswhoclaimthattalkingtoplantsencouragesthemtogrowhavelongbeenseenasalittlesilly.ButscientistshavediscoveredevidencewhichsuggeststheRoyalmayactuallyberightandtheycouldbelisteningtohim.BiologistsatTelAvivUniversityinIsraelhavefoundthatflowerscanactasaplant's"ears"tohelpthemdetectthesoundofapproachinginsects.”及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述人與植物的交流可以促其生長。故選A。【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇閱讀下面文章，然后從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出每個(gè)問題的最佳選項(xiàng)。

Whenweseeapersonintrouble,thefirstideathatcomestoourmindistolendahand.Butwhatifweseeananimalintrouble,doesthesameruleapply?

Thisquestionwasraisedafteragroupofpenguinsweresavedfromanicygully(峽谷)inAntarctica.ItwasfilmedfortheBBCwildlifeseriesDynasties.Thefilmcrewwereanxiouswhentheysawthatagroupofpenguinshadfallenintoagullyandbeentrappedwiththeiryoung.Theybuiltaslope(斜坡)sothatafewofthepenguinscouldsavethemselves.

Thecasehastakentheinternationalmediabystorm.Viewerswatchingthisfilmletoutasighofrelief."I'msoglad.Iunderstandnottakingactiondirectly,butahelpinghandisn'tbothering,right?"viewerKathrynShawsaidonherFacebook.

However,othersthinkhumaninterference(干涉)isunnatural."Youcan'thavesunshinethroughoutyourlife.Tohavedoneanythingelsewouldonlymakemattersworse,"saidtheshow'screatorDavidAttenborough,accordingtoTheTimes.

Inthiscase,however,MikeGunton,theexecutiveproduceroftheseries,saidthatthiswasaone-offsituation."Therewerenoanimalsgoingtosufferbyinterfering.Youweren'ttouchingtheanimalsanditwasjustfeltbydoingthis...theyhadthechancenottohavetokeepslippingdowntheslope,"hetoldtheBBC.

SuchcasesarefamiliartoPaulNicklen,wildlifephotographerforNationalGeographic.HetoldMetro,"Ifit'severapredator(捕食者)situation,nomatterhowgut-wrenching,youstayoutoftheway.Evenwhenyou'rewatchingamalepolarbeareatababybear."

"There'snorulebookinthosesituations.Youcanonlyrespondtothefactsthatarerightthereinfrontofyou,"WillLawson,theshow'sdirector,toldDailyMail.（1）Whathasledtoaheatedmediadiscussion?A.People'svariousremarksonpenguins.B.Therescueofpenguinsfromagully.C.Somepenguins'sufferingsinagully.D.WaysoffilmingtheseriesDynasties.（2）Whoholdsapositiveattitudetowardshumaninterference?A.KathrynShaw.B.WillLawson.C.PaulNieklen.D.DavidAttenborough.（3）Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheword"gut-wrenching"underlinedinparagraph6?A.Puttingoneinplace.B.Makingoneconfused.C.Puttingoneindanger.D.Makingoneheartbroken.（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ReasonsfortheNecessityofLendingaHandtoAnimalsB.SuggestionsonHowtoProtectAnimalsFromDangerC.EffectsofHumanInterferenceonDangerousAnimalsD.OpinionsonWhethertoHelpAnimalsinTroubleorNot【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了當(dāng)動(dòng)物們面臨危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，我們是否要伸出援救之手，以及如何去保護(hù)它們脫險(xiǎn)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thefilmcrewwereanxiouswhentheysawthatagroupofpenguinshadfallenintoagullyandbeentrappedwiththeiryoung.Theybuiltaslope（斜坡）sothatafewofthepenguinscouldsavethemselves.”和第三段中的“Thecasehastakentheinternationalmediabystorm”可知，從峽谷中救出企鵝這一事件引起了大家的熱議。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“I'msoglad.Iunderstandnottakingactiondirectly,butahelpinghandisn'tbothering,right?"viewerKathrynShawsaidonherFacebook.”可知，她對幫助動(dòng)物是很贊成的，故選A。（3）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)上文大家對干涉動(dòng)物的行為有不同觀點(diǎn)，再結(jié)合下文的“youstayoutoftheway.Evenwhenyou'rewatchingamalepolarbeareatababybear."可知，此句句意為：如果這是個(gè)捕食的情景，無論你是多么的心碎，你都不能干預(yù)。結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知，此處用Makingoneheartbroken（心碎）最合句意。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。本文就救助企鵝的視頻引發(fā)的熱議講述了當(dāng)動(dòng)物面臨危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，我們?nèi)绾紊斐鲈纸o出了一些建議。因此，本文的最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)為“若何保護(hù)動(dòng)物脫險(xiǎn)的建議”。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科教類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．犇犇閱讀理解

IfplastichadbeeninventedwhenthePilgrimssailedfromPlymouth,England,toNorthAmerica-andtheirMayflowerhadbeenstockedwithbottledwaterandplastic-wrappedsnacks,theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearoundfourcenturieslater.Atlanticwavesandsunlightwouldhavewornallthatplasticintotinybits.Andthosebitsmightstillbefloatingaroundtheworld'soceanstoday,waitingtobeeatenbysomefishoroyster,andfinallyperhapsbyoneofus.

Becauseplasticwasn'tinventeduntilthelate19thcentury,anditsproductiononlyreallytookoffaround1950,wehaveamere9.2billiontonsofthestufftodealwith.Ofthat,morethan6.9billiontonshavebecomewaste.Andofthatwaste,asurprising6.3billiontonsnevermadeittoarecyclingbin-thefigurethatshockedthescientistswhopublishedthenumbersin2017.

Nooneknowshowmuchunrecycledplasticwasteendsupintheocean,theearth'slastsink.In2015,JennaJambeckaUniversityofGeorgiaengineeringprofessor,caughteveryone'sattentionwitharoughestimatebetween5.3millionand14milliontonsofplasticwasteeachyearjustcomefromcoastalregions.

Meanwhile,oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarine(海洋的）animalseveryyear.Nearly700species,includingendangeredones,areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Someareharmedvisibly,stuckbyabandonedthingsmadeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.Marinespeciesofallsizes,fromzooplanktontowhales,noweatmicroplas-tics,thebitssmallerthanone-fifthofaninchacross.

"Thisisn'taproblemwherewedon'tknowwhatthesolutionis,"saysTedSiegler,aVermontresourceeconomistwhohasspentmorethan25yearsworkingwithdevelopingnationsongarbage."Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknowhowtodealwithit.Weknowhowtorecycle."It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystems,hesays,ideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.（1）WhydoestheauthormentionthePilgrimsinparagraph1?A.

Toproveplasticwasdifficulttoinvent.B.

Tointroducewhatmarineanimalslikeeating.C.

TotellthePilgrimscontributedalottothemarineprotection.D.

Toshowplasticwastehasalastingeffectontheocean.（2）What'sthemaintroublemarineanimalsfaceaccordingtothetext?A.

Lackingprotection.

B.

Beingstuckbyplastics.C.

Beingcaughtbyhumans.

D.

Treatingplasticsasfood.（3）WhatdoesTedSieglerwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?A.

Somepeopledon'tknowthesolutionofplasticswaste.B.

Plasticswillturntheoceanintoasoupofplastic.C.

It'stimetotakemeasurestodealwithplasticwaste.D.

Peopleshouldavoidusingplasticstoprotecttheocean.（4）Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.

Abiologytextbook.

B.

Atravelbrochure.C.

Anenvironmentalreport.

D.

Alifestylemagazine.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了塑料垃圾給海洋以及海洋生物帶來的危害。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearoundfourcenturieslater.

”他們的塑料廢物很可能在四百年后仍會(huì)存在，可知作者提到thePilgrims是為了說明塑料廢物對海洋有持久的影響，故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Someareharmedvisibly,stuckbyabandonedthingsmadeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.”一些明顯受到傷害，被塑料制成的廢棄物品卡住了?？赡苡懈嗟娜耸艿綗o形的傷害?？芍xB。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystems,hesays,ideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.”他說最好在海洋變成塑料湯之前建立一個(gè)必要的機(jī)構(gòu)和制度的問題，可推知選C。（4）考查推理判斷。縱觀全文可知，本題介紹了塑料垃圾給海洋以及海洋生物帶來的危害。是一篇環(huán)境保護(hù)類閱讀，因此選C?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。6．犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.

Stocky,slow-movingwhale,rarelygrowsbeyond15metresinlength

Flippersareathirdofbodylength;variabledorsalfinsizeandshape;saw-toothedtrailingedgeonflukes,oftenraisedwhendiving

Bumpytuberclesontopofhead

Bodycolourisdarkbrowntoblack;oftenextensivewhiteonflippersandundersideofbodyandflukes;suchpatternsenableindividualrecognition

Bushyblow,occasionallyV-shaped

270-400olivebaleenplates

Humpbackwhalesbelongtotherorqual(groove-throated)family,whichincludesfin,sei,Bryde's,minkeandbluewhales.Thebigfamilymigratebetweenwintertropicalbreedingareas(NorthWestShelf,GreatBarrierReef,NewCaledonia,Vanuatu,Fiii,Tonga)andsummerAntarcticfeedingareas.OncecommoninNewZealandwaters,humpbacksarenowrarelyseenandmaymigratefurtheroffshore.Malescompeteformateseitherbyphysicalfightorbysong.Femalesgivebirthtotheiryoungeverytwotothreeyears;somenon-breedingfemalesprobablyremaininthesouthernwatersduringwinter.Younghumpbackwhalesreturntotheirareaofbirthbutinlaterlifesomewanderbetweenbreedingareas.Humpbackseatsmallshrimpsandotherschoolingprey,suchasfish,formingsmall,cooperativegroupsoftwotothreeindividualstofeed.

Similarspecies:Easilyidentifiableduetoa'hump'backwhensubmerging,butatadistancemaybeconfusedwithotherspeciesthatraisetheirflukeswhendiving,suchassperm,rightandbluewhales.

Protectionstatus:Recoveringwellfrompastwhalingandnownumerousinsomeformermigrationandaggregationareas,rarelyseeninothers.（1）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouthumpbackwhales?A.

Theirlongflippersvaryinlength,sizeandshapelikedorsalfin.B.

Theyarelargeandlikelytogrowlongerthan15metres.C.

Thedifferentcolorsandpatternsofthebodyhelptoberecognized.D.

Theirbumpytuberclesandblowholesareonbothsidesofhead.（2）Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthisarticle'sdescriptionofhumpbackwhales'migration?A.

Theyneedwarmerwaterstobreed.B.

Theycan'tsurviveinextremecold.C.

Theyfindplentifulfoodintropicalwaters.D.

TheyaremostlyhuntedinNewZealandwaters.（3）Thisarticleismainlyintendedto

.A.

explainwhyhumpbacksarestillhuntedinsomepartsoftheworldB.

introducehowhumpbacksmigratethroughsomedangerouswatersC.

popularizethebasicknowledgeofhumpbacksandcallforprotectionD.

helpdistinguishhumpbacksfromothersimilarspecies【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了座頭鯨外形特點(diǎn)、體重、顏色，以及其如何繁殖、喂養(yǎng)等生活習(xí)性等，并呼吁大家保護(hù)它。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四個(gè)小點(diǎn)后的一段"Bodycolorisdarkbrowntoblack;oftenextensivewhiteonflippersandundersideofbodyandflukes;suchpatternsenableindividualrecognition"可知，座頭鯨體色由深棕色至黑色，腳蹼、身體底部和尾鰭上通常是大面積的白色；這樣的圖案使單個(gè)的座頭鯨很容易被識(shí)別。分析選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)符合題意，故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五個(gè)小黑點(diǎn)后面的"Thebigfamilymigratebetweenwintertropicalbreedingareas(NorthWestShelf,GreatBarrierReef,NewCaledonia,Vanuatu,Fiii,Tonga)andsummerAntarcticfeedingareas."座頭鯨這個(gè)大家族在冬季的熱帶繁殖區(qū)（西北大陸架、大堡礁、新喀里多尼亞、瓦努阿圖、斐濟(jì)、湯加）和夏季南極喂養(yǎng)區(qū)之間遷徙?？芍?，座頭鯨在熱帶地區(qū)繁殖。冬季的熱帶繁殖區(qū)，是溫暖的地方?？芍^鯨需要在暖和的地方繁殖，故選A。（3）考查主旨大意。本文主要對座頭鯨外形特點(diǎn)、體重、顏色，以及其如何繁殖喂養(yǎng)等生活習(xí)性等作了介紹，并呼吁大家保護(hù)意識(shí)。所以本文目的是普及有關(guān)座頭鯨的知識(shí)，并對它們加以保護(hù)。分析選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)符合題意，故選C。【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Ifyouwearglasses,chancesareyouaresmarter.ResearchpublishedinthefamousBritishjournalNatureCommunicationshasfoundthatpeoplewhodisplayedhigherlevelsofintelligencewerealmost30percentmorelikelytowearglasses.

Thescientistsstudiedthegenesofthousandsofpeoplebetweentheagesof16and102.Thestudyshowedintelligencecanbeconnectedtophysicalcharacteristics.Onecharacteristicwaseyesight.Inoutof10peoplewhoweremoreintelligent,therewasahigherchancetheyneededglasses.Scientistsalsosaidbeingsmarterhasotherbenefits.Itisconnectedtobetterhealth.

Itisimportanttoremembertheseareconnectionswhicharenotprovencauses.Scientistscallthiscorrelation.Justbecausesomethingisconnectedtosomethingelsedoesnotmeanoneofthosethingscausedtheother.Andit'sworthnotingthatwhatconstitutesintelligenceissubjectiveandcanbedifficult,ifnotimpossible,tomeasure.

Forgetgenesthough.Plentyofproofshowswearingglassesmakespeoplethinkyouaremoreintelligent,evenifyoudonotneedglasses.Anumberofstudieshavefoundpeoplewhowearglassesareseenassmarter,hard-workingandhonest.Manylawyersusethisideatohelpwintheircases.LawyerHarveySolvesexplainedthis.Glassessoftentheirappearance.Hesaidsometimestherehasbeenahugeamountofproofshowingthatpeoplehewasdefendingbrokethelaw.Hehadthemwearglassesandtheyweren'tfoundguilty.

GlassesarealsousedtoshowsomeoneisintelligentinmoviesandonTV.Ideasaboutpeoplewhowearglasseshavebeguntoshift.Peoplewhodonotneedglassessometimeswearthemforfashiononly.Theywanttolookworldlyorcool.Butnoteveryoneisimpressedbythisidea,though.GQmagazinesaidpeoplewhowearglassesforfashionaretryingtoohardtolooksmartandhip(時(shí)髦的).However,thathasn'tstoppedmanycelebritiesfromhappilywearingglasseseveniftheydonotneedthem.JustinBieberisjustonehigh-profilefanoffashionglasses.（1）Whatdoesthenewstudyshow?A.

Peoplewearingglassesaresmarter.B.

Peoplewearingglassesarehealthier.C.

Wearingglassescanmakepeoplecleverer.D.

WearingglassesisassociatedwithhigherIQ.（2）WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph3mean?A.

Shift.

B.

Link.

C.

Proof.

D.

Consequence.（3）Whydosomelawyersasktheirclientstowearglassesincourt?A.

Becauseitcancreateamoralimage.

B.

Becauseitcanmisleadthewitnesses.C.

Becauseitcanhighlightclients'qualities.

D.

Becauseitcanprovetheclients'innocence.（4）Whatisthegeneralattitudetothosewhowearglassesforfashion?A.

Positive.

B.

Negative.

C.

Mixed

D.

Indifferent.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)戴眼鏡和高智商有關(guān)，文章還指出有些人只是為了追求時(shí)尚而戴眼鏡。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thestudyshowedintelligencecanbeconnectedtophysicalcharacteristics.Onecharacteristicwaseyesight.Inoutof10peoplewhoweremoreintelligent,therewasahigherchancetheyneededglasses.”可知，研究表明，智力與身體特征有關(guān)，其中一個(gè)特征就是視力，在10個(gè)更聰明的人中，他們需要眼鏡的幾率更高，也就是說戴眼鏡與高智商有關(guān)，故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“Justbecausesomethingisconnectedtosomethingelsedoesnotmeanoneofthosethingscausedtheother.”可知，僅僅因?yàn)槟澄锱c其他事物相聯(lián)系并不意味著其中一個(gè)事物導(dǎo)致了另一個(gè)事物，這是對畫線詞的解釋說明，因此此處是說重要的是要記住這些都是沒有被證實(shí)的原因的聯(lián)系，科學(xué)家稱之為相關(guān)性，由此可知畫線詞詞義為“相關(guān)聯(lián)、聯(lián)系”，故選B。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Anumberofstudieshavefoundpeoplewhowearglassesareseenassmarter,hard-workingandhonest.Manylawyersusethisideatohelpwintheircases.LawyerHarveySolvesexplainedthis.Glassessoftentheirappearance.”可知，許多研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，戴眼鏡的人被視為更聰明、更勤奮、更誠實(shí)，眼鏡使他們看起來更溫和，許多律師利用這個(gè)想法來幫助他們贏得官司，可知，一些律師讓他們的當(dāng)事人在法庭上戴眼鏡是因?yàn)榇魃涎坨R有助于塑造一個(gè)道德的形象，故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Peoplewhodonotneedglassessometimeswearthemforfashiononly.Theywanttolookworldlyorcool.Butnoteveryoneisimpressedbythisidea,though.”可知，不需要眼鏡的人有時(shí)戴眼鏡只是為了時(shí)尚，他們想顯得酷一些，但并不是每個(gè)人都對這個(gè)想法印象深刻，可知，對于那些追求時(shí)尚而戴眼鏡的人來說，人們的態(tài)度是既有人支持也有人反對，故