銜接點(diǎn)02名詞（小初考點(diǎn)差異及銜接）小學(xué)要求1.名詞的數(shù)2.名詞所有格初中要求1.可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)；2.不可數(shù)名詞；3.專有名詞；4.名詞所有格；5.名詞的句法作用；6.名詞詞義辧析?！拘W(xué)名詞考點(diǎn)聚焦】一．將下列單詞歸類。inkgirlherocoffeeporknewscitydeskcupsugarwaterzoomoneydeerhairmilkmonth可數(shù)名詞：不可數(shù)名詞：二．寫出下列單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。(1)class (2)mouse (3)house(4)child (5)leaf (6)foot(7)sheep (8)watch (9)potato(10)baby (11)man (12)photo三．用所給詞的正確形式填空。(1)Wecomefromdifferent(country).(2)These(visit)willcometoourschooltomorrow.(3)Therearemany(tree)inmyschool.(4)Beijingisoneofthemostbeautiful(city)inChina.(5)Ihavesome(beef)fordinner.(6)September10this(teacher)Day.(7)Therearelotsof(womanteacher)intheclassroom.(8)Mikehasmuch(homework)todotoday.(9)Jackisill.DoctorWangtellshimtotakesome(medicine).(10)Jane'sfatherisa(cook).Hecanmakelotsofdeliciousfood.四.看圖補(bǔ)全短文。Wow!Whatabig(1)!Therearesomanyanimals.Look!The(2)aredrinking(3)overthere.Underthe(4),thereisa(5).It'ssocute.It'seating(6).Some(7)areflyinginthe(8).Thereisa(9)andtwo(10),too.【初中名詞考點(diǎn)聚焦】考點(diǎn)清單考點(diǎn)一名詞辨析一、名詞的分類名詞即表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念名稱的詞,它分為專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類。具體情況見下表:類別意義例詞專有名詞表示人、地方、事物、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等名稱的詞Lucy,China,theGreatWall,theGreatHallofthePeople普通名詞個(gè)體名詞表示個(gè)體的人或事物的詞dictionary,pencil,chair,window,table,book,bike,ball,dog集體名詞表示一群人或一類事物的詞family,police,class,group,team物質(zhì)名詞表示物質(zhì)或不具備確定形狀和大小個(gè)體的物質(zhì)的詞rice,water,porridge,air,wool,wheat,steel抽象名詞表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、行為、感情等抽象概念的詞knowledge,danger,health,life,interest,love二．常用近義詞辨析1.family,house與home單詞意義例句family指“家,家庭”,可強(qiáng)調(diào)家庭中的全體成員,不指住房Myfamilyareveryfriendly.我的家人都很友好。househouse有“住宅,家”之意,強(qiáng)調(diào)房屋和居住點(diǎn)Theylivedinasmallhouse.他們住在一個(gè)小房子里。home作“家”講時(shí),指人們生活、居住的地方,強(qiáng)調(diào)居住的范圍和環(huán)境HelefthomeforBeijing.他離開家去北京了。2.job與work單詞意義例句job可數(shù)名詞,指一項(xiàng)具體的工作,多指“零工”或“短工”Sellingnewspapersishispart-timejob.賣報(bào)紙是他的兼職。work不可數(shù)名詞,指“工作,勞動(dòng)”Hehasbeenoutofwork.他失業(yè)了。3.problem與question單詞意義例句problem一般來說,problem總是與“困難”相聯(lián)系,它可以指社會(huì)問題、教學(xué)問題,這種“問題”是“有待解決的”,常與之搭配的動(dòng)詞是solveTheystillhavesomeseriousproblemstosolve.他們?nèi)杂幸恍﹪?yán)重的問題需要解決。question總是與“疑問,質(zhì)問,詢問”相聯(lián)系,這種“問題”是“有待回答的”,常與動(dòng)詞ask,answer等連用Heaskedmesomequestions.他問了我一些問題。4.voice,noise與sound單詞意義例句voice指人的嗓音Irecognizedhervoiceatonce.我立刻聽出了她的聲音。noise吵鬧聲,不悅耳、不和諧的嘈雜聲Don’tmakesomuchnoise.別這么大聲嚷嚷。sound指人所聽到的自然界的任何聲音Iheardastrangesoundfromtheemptyroom.我聽到空房間里傳來奇怪的聲音。5.cause,reason與excuse單詞意義例句cause造成一種事實(shí)或現(xiàn)象的“原因、起因”,后接介詞ofThepolicearelookingintothecauseoftheaccident.警方正在調(diào)查事故的原因。reason說明一種看法或行為的“理由”,后接介詞forYoumusttellhimthereasonforwantingtochangeyourjob.你必須告訴他你想換工作的原因。excuse(尤指不完全真實(shí)的)借口,托詞Lateagain!What’syourexcuseforitthistime?又遲到了!這次你的借口是什么?6.journey,trip與travel單詞意義例句journey適用范圍很廣,可指海、陸、空的旅行,常指距離較遠(yuǎn)的旅行,強(qiáng)調(diào)往返性It’salongjourneyfromheretoHongKong.從這兒到香港的旅程很遠(yuǎn)。trip指短時(shí)間、短距離的旅行,強(qiáng)調(diào)往返性,與journey可互換使用Howwasyourschooltriptothezoolastweekend?你們上周末去動(dòng)物園的學(xué)校旅行玩得怎么樣?travel泛指旅游,不側(cè)重往返性,可以是單程旅行Manypeoplearefondoftravel.很多人喜歡旅游。一．選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空1.TomregardsNanjingashissecond(family;house;home)becausehehasbeenhereforovertenyears.

2.LiLingwantstobeasinger.Shethinksit’saninteresting(work;job).

3.Thewasthathegavemenochancetoanswerhis(question;problem).

4.Atthefootofthehill,youcouldhearnothingbutthe(voice;noise;sound)oftherunningwater.

二.單項(xiàng)選擇1.—Wecanalwaysfindsomethinggoodinabadifwelookforit.

—It’ssotrue.Let’smakefulluseofwhatcomes.A.situation B.direction C.instruction D.competition2.YuanLongpingwasaworld-famousscientist.Becauseofhisachievements,ricehasbeenincreasedgreatly.

A.population B.contribution C.production D.introduction3.ThelandingofChina’srover(登陸車)ZhurongonMarsshowsChinahasmadegreatinspaceexploration.

A.progress B.project C.product D.protection4.Mr.HuangwasborninNanjing,butSuqianhasbecomehissecond.

A.family B.house C.village D.hometown5.Theboyhasbeenmissingforfivedaysandhisparentsareworriedabouthis.

A.attention B.safety C.action D.growth三．詞匯運(yùn)用1.Sofar,Chinahasbuiltnearly600,000culturalcentersin.(村莊)

2.Weneedtoincreaseour(知識(shí))ofthehistoryoftheCommunistPartyofChina.

3.Lulu’sbestfriendnevergivesupher(夢(mèng)想)ofbeingateacher.

4.Mydaughter’ssweet(嗓音)alwaysmakesmerelaxed.

5.Ihavemademuchmore(進(jìn)步)inPhysicsthisterm.

考點(diǎn)二名詞的數(shù)和格一、名詞的數(shù)(一)可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1.名詞按其所表示的事物的性質(zhì)分為可數(shù)名詞(CountableNouns)與不可數(shù)名詞(UncountableNouns),可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式,名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式構(gòu)成的部分規(guī)則如下:情況構(gòu)成方法讀音例詞一般情況加在清輔音后讀/s/在濁輔音和元音后讀/z/在t后讀/ts/在d后讀/dz/cake—cakesbag—bagsstudent—studentsbed—beds以-s,-x,-sh,-ch等結(jié)尾的詞加讀/?z/bus—busesbox—boxeswatch—watches以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的詞讀/z/baby—babiescity—citiescountry—countrieslady—ladies以元音字母加-y結(jié)尾的詞讀/z/toy—toysmonkey—monkeys以f(fe)結(jié)尾的詞讀/vz/leaf—leaveswolf—wolveslife—lives以-ce,-se,-ze,-(d)ge等結(jié)尾的詞讀/?z/face—facesorange—oranges不規(guī)則變化改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母讀音改變man—woman—foot—tooth—單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同讀音不變fish—fishsheep—sheepdeer—deerChinese—ChineseJapanese—Japanese其他形式/ma?s/—/ma?s/mouse—mice2.某國(guó)人變復(fù)數(shù)(1)中國(guó)人Chinese→Chinese(2)英國(guó)人Englishman→Englishmen(3)阿拉伯人Arab→Arabs可用口訣記憶這一點(diǎn),即中日不變英法變,其余s加后面。3.以-o結(jié)尾的名詞,有些在詞尾加-es,它們是“黑人英雄愛吃西紅柿土豆”。Negro→hero→tomato→ potato→而其他一般在詞尾加-s。如:zoo→zoos radio→radios4.復(fù)合名詞前面的名詞是man或woman,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞的兩個(gè)名詞全都要變成復(fù)數(shù)形式;如果是其他詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),只需把后面的名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。manteacher→ boystudent5.字母、數(shù)字、引語(yǔ)或縮略詞語(yǔ)的復(fù)數(shù)形式是在其后加-’s或-s。Therearetwofsintheword“office”.單詞office里有兩個(gè)f。ManyVIPsarecomingtoourcity.許多重要人物將到我們市來。6.有些以-f結(jié)尾的詞直接加-s變成復(fù)數(shù)。roof→roofs屋頂belief→beliefs信仰 proof→proofs證據(jù) chief→chiefs首領(lǐng)一．用所給單詞的正確形式填空1.Thedoctortoldmetoeatmore(fish)becauseit’sgoodforhealth.

2.Thoseyouadmireverymucharecalled(hero).

3.Howmany(womandoctor)arethereinthehospital?

4.Mostofthetouristsonthecoachare(German),andonlytwoofthemare(Japanese).

(二)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)1.概述:不可數(shù)名詞所表示的事物一般不能用數(shù)來計(jì)算,沒有詞形變化,這類詞主要為抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞。值得我們注意的是,英語(yǔ)名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)是一個(gè)語(yǔ)法概念,與實(shí)際生活中某件事物的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)并不完全一致。2.表示方法:不可數(shù)名詞需要計(jì)量時(shí),用“數(shù)詞或冠詞+計(jì)量名詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示,計(jì)量名詞可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù),但of后的名詞只用原形。如:apieceofpaper一張紙adropofwater一滴水twocupsoftea兩杯茶(三)注意1.有些名詞既是可數(shù)名詞,又是不可數(shù)名詞,但意義有所不同。work(工作)—awork(一部著作)glass(玻璃)—aglass(一個(gè)玻璃杯)paper(紙)—apaper(一份報(bào)紙/文件/試卷)tea(茶)—atea(一杯茶)wood(木頭)—awood(一片樹林)room(空間)—aroom(一個(gè)房間)2.有些名詞雖以-s結(jié)尾,但它們不是復(fù)數(shù)。physics物理,maths數(shù)學(xué),politics政治,news新聞3.“數(shù)詞+名詞(+形容詞)”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞,中間的名詞不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式,必須用單數(shù)形式。Sheisafive-year-oldgirl.她是一個(gè)五歲的女孩。(five-year-old不能說成five-years-old)afive-poundnote一張五英鎊的紙幣asix-foot-deephole一個(gè)六英尺深的洞atwo-inch-thickdictionary一本兩英寸厚的字典a100-meterrace一場(chǎng)百米賽跑二、名詞所有格1.名詞所有格表示名詞之間的所有關(guān)系。有兩種表示形式:一種是’s所有格,另一種是of所有格。BeijingisChina’scapital.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.北京是中國(guó)的首都。2.用and連接兩個(gè)并列的單數(shù)名詞表示共有關(guān)系,這時(shí)只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加-’s。ThisisMaryandhersister’sbedroom.這是瑪麗和她姐姐的臥室。LilyandLucy’smotherisanurse.莉莉和露西的媽媽是位護(hù)士。用and連接兩個(gè)并列名詞,表示分別擁有各自的物品時(shí),兩個(gè)名詞都在詞尾加-’s表示所有關(guān)系。TheseareTom’sandMary’sbags.這些是湯姆和瑪麗的包。WeiHua’sandJohn’slicensesaremissing.魏華和約翰的許可證都丟了。3.以-s結(jié)尾的名詞,在s后加-’;不以-s結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加-’s。教師節(jié)Teachers’Day兒童節(jié)Children’sDay4.of所有格常用來表示無生命的東西。thedooroftheroom房間的門5.雙重所有格有兩種形式:①of+名詞所有格;②of+名詞性物主代詞。Heisafriendofmybrother’s.他是我哥哥的一個(gè)朋友。Issheadaughterofyours?她是你的女兒?jiǎn)?注意雙重所有格和一般所有格的區(qū)別:aphotoofJohn’s(照片屬于John,但照片上的人不一定是John);aphotoofJohn(照片上的人是John本人)。6.表示店鋪、醫(yī)院、診所、住宅等名稱時(shí),常在名詞后加上-’s代表全稱。atthedoctor’s在診所7.一些具有名詞性質(zhì)的復(fù)合不定代詞,如someone,everybody等和else連用時(shí),-’s應(yīng)加在else后。somebodyelse’spencil別人的鉛筆8.表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城市等無生命的東西的名詞,也可以在詞尾加-s或-來構(gòu)成所有格。(1)用于時(shí)間twoweeks’time兩個(gè)星期的時(shí)間(2)用于度量thirteentons’weight13噸的重量fivehundredmetres’distance五百米的距離(3)用于價(jià)值ahundredyuan’sorder一百元的訂貨單amillionpounds’note一百萬(wàn)英鎊的鈔票(4)用于天體theearth’ssatellite地球衛(wèi)星(5)用于國(guó)家Belgium’scapital比利時(shí)的首都(6)用于城市Changchun’sagriculture長(zhǎng)春的農(nóng)業(yè)一．用所給單詞的正確形式填空①I’vegotatoothache,soIneedtogotothe(dentist).

②It’snotfarfromhere.It’sonlyfive(minute)walk.

③YesterdayImetafriendofmy(father).

④(mother)DayisonthesecondSundayofMayeveryyear.

二.單項(xiàng)選擇1.Therearemanyteachersinthisprimaryschool.

A.woman B.woman’s C.women D.women’s2.Weseesomerisingintotheairattheopeningofournewlibrary.

A.balloons B.balloon C.balloones3.Thepinkhairbandmustbelongto.

A.Linda’s B.Linda C.hers4.Mr.Liuisawiseman,andheoftengivesusafew.

A.suggestions B.advice C.hobbies D.knowledge5.OnApril24,XieWenjunracedtogoldinthe110-meterhurdlesattheAsianAthleticsChampionshipsinQatar.

A.man B.men C.men’s D.mens’三.詞匯運(yùn)用1.Thewallpaperwithcartoonpatternsisidealformyroom.(son)

2.Overtheyears,GongBaoChickenhasbecomeoneofthemostpopular(dish)inChineserestaurantsthroughouttheworld.

3.(參觀者)mustshowtheirhealthQRcodesandchecktheirtemperaturebeforetheygointothemuseum.

4.Scientistshavefoundthattalktoeachotherallthetime.Theirlanguageisakindofchemical.(plant)

5.Haveyoureadthereport?Those(英雄)storiesreallytouchedmedeeply.

6.Mother’scookingskillswillnotonlysatisfyour(胃)butalsoourspirit.

7.ThomasEdison,oneofthegreatest(invent)intheworld,createdover1,000things.

8.—Isthisyourumbrella?—No,it’sanother(visit).

一．名詞的構(gòu)詞法1.—TheGovernmenthastakenactiontostopwaterandair(pollute).

—Yes.Clearwatersandgreenhillsareasgoodasmountainsofgoldandsilver.2.Howmanyofyoueverdreamedofbecomingan(invent)?

3.Thelittlegirldreamtofbecomingagoodballet(dance).

4.ChineseNewYearisamarkingtheendofwinterandthebeginningofspring.(celebrate)

5.Wearewhowearetodaybecauseofthe(choose)wemadeyesterday.

6.Surprisingly,my12-year-olddaughterisworriedabouther(weigh).

7.Myneighbourisafamous(sing)andsheoftendoescharitywork.

8.WuJingisawell-known(direct).Heispopularamongfilmlovers.

9.Themothersaidgoodbyewithasmile,buthereyescouldnthideher(sad).

10.—IreallyhatemyselfforwhatIsaidtoMomtheotherday.—Iknowthe(feel).It’sawful,isn’tit?

二、詞匯運(yùn)用1.Fivesoldiershavedevotedthemselvestoprotectingourmotherlandandwewillrememberthese(hero)names.

2.Itissurprisingthattheraindidn’tmakemuch(different)tothegame.

3.Thegirl’ssweetvoicecaughtseveralwell-known(音樂家)attention.

4.—Whosehandbagsarethese?—Theyarethosemanagers’(wife).

5.Isawsome(德國(guó)人)andEnglishmendancinginthestreetthedaybeforeyesterday.

6.Allthe(lead)namesandnumbersareonthelist.Youcancallthemonebyone.

ThesedaysavideofromtheBeijingWildlifeZoohasbeengoingviral（走紅).Itshowsadogplayingwithlionsandtigersfourtofivetimesitssize!Isthedogindanger?Ofcoursenot.1