精講英語知識(shí)8：非謂語動(dòng)詞（二）四、非謂語做賓語1.不定式作賓語動(dòng)詞后面可用不定式作賓語。這類動(dòng)詞有:decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help幫助記憶的口訣:決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請求幫一幫。此外:seem,attempt,fail,happen,afford,strive,makeupone'smindto,bedeterminedto,would/shouldlike/loveto等后面亦可加不定式作賓語。介詞后面的賓語通常都是動(dòng)名詞或名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。但介詞but和except(皆表示“除了”)這兩個(gè)除外，它們后面用不定式作賓語。如:can'tchoosebut...,can'thelpbut....Thesoldierhadnootherchoicebuttowaitfortheorder.Thesoldierscoulddonothingbutwaitfortheorder.注意:but和except所在句子中，謂語帶有do的任何形式或can't，則不定式要省略to。2.動(dòng)名詞作賓語少數(shù)動(dòng)詞后只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，如:miss,imagine,mind,escape,insiston,practise,suggest,consider,avoid,risk,finish,enjoy/appreciate,deny,forbid,keep/keepon,allow/permit,delay/putoff,can'tstand,giveup,feellike,insiston,thankyoufor,apologizefor,bebusy(in),havedifficulty/trouble/problem(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in),spendtime(in)...3.動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和不定式，意思相差無幾有些動(dòng)詞后面既可以加不定式作賓語，亦可以加動(dòng)名詞作賓語，而且意思差不多的，如:like/love/hate/prefertodosth.(偏向于具體事件)≈like/love/hate/preferdoingsth.(偏向于常態(tài)事件)start/begintodosth.≈start/begindoingsth.4.動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和不定式，意思不同forgettodo忘記要去做某事(未做)stoptodo停止去做另一件事Remembertodo記住去做某事(未做)Regrettodo對要做的事遺憾trytodo努力,企圖做某事meantodo打算，有意要...goontodo繼而(去做另外一件事情)proposetodo打算(要做某事)forgetdoing忘記做過某事(已做)stopdoing停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事rememberdoing記得做過某事(已做)regretdoing對做過的事遺憾,后悔trydoing試驗(yàn)，試一試某種辦法meandoing意味著goondoing繼續(xù)(原先沒有做完的事情)proposedoing建議5.非謂語作賓語的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)注意動(dòng)詞的一詞多義consider只有在作“考慮”解時(shí)才以-ing形式作賓語Tomisconsideredtobethebestdriverintheteam.(認(rèn)為)Tomisconsideringborrowingsomemoneyfromthebank.(考慮)can'thelp只有作“禁不住”解時(shí)才以-ing形式作賓語Sorry,i'mbusypreparingfortheexamandcan'thelpcleantheroom不能幫Sorry,Ican'thelplaughingwhenIheardthenews.(禁不住)beusedto只有作“習(xí)慣于’解時(shí)才以-ing形式作賓語Theknifeisusedtocutofftheskinofthetrees.(被用來做)Thestudentsareusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.(習(xí)慣于)擺脫思維定勢allow,advise,forbid,permit①+doingsth.②+sb.todosth.Myparentsdon'tallowmetogotherebyplaneforthesakeofsafety.Theydon'tallowsmokinginthisareaofthecampus.Jill'steacheradvisedhimtotakethejobinthelessfamouscompanyJill'steacheradvisedtakingthejobinthelessfamouscompany.Themanagerforbidsanyonetoenterhisofficewithoutpermission.Smokingisforbiddeninthisoffice.6.動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語問題動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語通常為:①形容詞性物主代詞+動(dòng)名詞;②名詞所有格+動(dòng)名詞。如:Tominsistedonmggoingwiththem.Hedislikeshiswife'sworkinglate.IcanhardlyimaginePeter'ssailingacrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.在動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語時(shí)，其中的形容詞性物主代詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為賓格形式的人稱代詞。如:We'llappreciateyourcallingbacksoon.(your→you)Doyoumindyourstudents'usingmobilesinschool?(yourstudents'->yourstudents)但是當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，前面只能用形容詞性物主代詞或者名詞所有格。Hiscomingbacklatemadeallofusangry.Mymother'sbeingillsentallofusintogreatanxiety.用作介詞的to和不定式的toto有兩種用法:一為不定式+動(dòng)詞原形;一為作介詞+名詞/動(dòng)名詞。在下面的用法中，to充當(dāng)介詞，因此后面加動(dòng)名詞或名詞:bedevotedto致力于lookforwardto盼望payattentionto注意getdownto著手做某事leadto導(dǎo)致objectto反對admitto承認(rèn)confessto坦自beaccustomedto習(xí)慣于beusedto習(xí)慣于stickto堅(jiān)恃turnto轉(zhuǎn)向，向...求助devoteoneselfto獻(xiàn)身于五、非謂語作主語1.不定式作主語一般表示具體的某次動(dòng)作。如:Tocompletethe30storiedbuildinginoneyearwasquiteadifficulttask.2.動(dòng)名詞作主語一般表示泛指意義的行為。(這時(shí)也可用動(dòng)詞不定式)如:Seeingisbelieving.注意:當(dāng)主語較長，謂語較短時(shí)，常用it做形式主語，而將不定式所作的主語放到謂語的后面。Itisimportantformodernyoungpeopletomasteratleasttwoforeignlanguages.注意:在lt'snouse(或good,need)..或lt'suseless...等結(jié)構(gòu)中，常用動(dòng)名詞作真正的主語。ItisnousewatchingtoomuchTV注意3:比較狀語從句里的主語用動(dòng)詞不定式還是用動(dòng)名詞，取決于主句里主語的形式。It'seasiertoreadaforeignlanguagethantospeakit.Readingaforeignlanguageiseasierthanspeakingit.3.動(dòng)名詞的特殊句型Itis+nouse,nogood(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,abore...等名詞+doingsth.Itisnouse/nogoodcryingoverspiltmilk.Itisawasteoftimepersuadingsuchapersontojoinus.Itisfunplayingwithchildren.Itis+useless+doingsth.Itisuselessspeaking.Thereisnouse(good/point/sense/harm....)+doingsth.Thereisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.Thereisnopointaskinghisparentsforthemoney,fortheyarepoor.There'snosenseinwaitingthreehours.Thereisnoharmhavingawalkafteryourmeal.havedifficulty/trouble/problem....(in)+doingWehaddifficulty(in)carryingouttheplan.feellike+名詞/動(dòng)名詞=wouldliketo+原形動(dòng)詞Ifeellikeanewbornbaby.Ifeellikehavingashower.=1wouldliketohaveashower.spend/wastetimedoingsth.Theyspentalottime(in)makingpreparations.六、非謂語作表語1.不定式和動(dòng)名詞作表語不定式和動(dòng)名詞作表語，通常表示主語的內(nèi)容。不定式偏向于具體事件，動(dòng)名詞偏向于常態(tài)事件。如:Myjob