【知識(shí)梳理】一、詞匯Words序號(hào)英文音標(biāo)詞性中文1.stair[ste?(r)]n.樓梯2.plain

[ple?n]n.平原3.Troy

[tr??]n.特洛伊4.beyond[b??j?nd]prep./adv.在....較遠(yuǎn)的一邊，超過(guò)5.Greek[ɡri?k]adj./n.希臘;希臘人;希臘人(的)6.capture[?k?pt??(r)]Vt.攻占，奪取7.wheel[wi?l]n.車輪8.Trojan

[?tr??d?(?)n]adj.特洛伊的，特洛伊人9.drag

[dr?ɡ]v.拉10.citizen['s?t?z(?)n]n.市民11.joke[d???k]n.笑話12.enemy['en?mi]n.敵人13.securely[s?'kj??l?]adv.牢牢地，安全地14.including[?n?klu?d??]prep.包括15.midnight['m?d.na?t]n.午夜16.army

[?ɑ?(r)mi]n.軍隊(duì)17.darkness[?dɑ?(r)kn?s]n.黑夜18.seize[si?z]v.捉拿，捕獲19.succeed[s?k?si?d]v.成功20.fit[f?t]v.適合21refuse[r??fju?z]v.拒絕22.manage['m?n?d?]v.完成;管理;設(shè)法做到23.independent

[.?nd?'pend?nt]adj.獨(dú)立的二、詞組Phrasesedownthestairs下樓2.atatime每次3.nolonger/not...anylonger/nomore/not..anymore不再4.goupthestairs上樓5.lookdownat(區(qū)別lookdownonsb看不起)向下看著6.sailaway駕船駛走7.obeyorders遵守命令8.pull...into...把..拉進(jìn)...中9.drag...into...把…拉進(jìn)...中10.makejokesabouttheenemies取笑他們的敵人11.besecurelylocked安全地鎖住了12.exceptfor(區(qū)分except/besides)除.…之外13.gotosleep入睡;睡著14.succeedindoingsth.=managetodosth.成功做成...eon得了吧16.playatrickon=makeajokeonsb.=makefunof開某人玩笑17.too+adj.+todosth.=so...that=(not)enoughto太...而不能18.makesure確信19.bemadeof(區(qū)分bemadefrom/in/upof)由...制成20.befullof=befilledwith充滿21.throughatrick通過(guò)一個(gè)玩笑22.cablecar纜車23.maglevtrain磁懸浮列車24.giveyouahand=dosb.afavorhelpsb.幫你一個(gè)忙25.allthetime一直三、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換1disappearv.消失appearv.出現(xiàn)2historyn.歷史historicala.歷史的3woodena.木頭的woodn.木頭woodsn.森林4cityn.城市citizenn.市民5frighteneda.受驚嚇的(人)frighteninga.恐怖的(物)frightenv.使害怕6helpn./v.幫助helpfula.有幫助的helplessa.無(wú)助的7succeedv.使...成功successn.成功successfula.成功的successfullyadv.成功地8enterv.進(jìn)入entrancen.入口9difficulta.困難的difficultyn.困難10Troyn.特洛伊城Trojann./a.特洛伊人(的)11darka.黑暗的darknessn.黑暗12Greeka.&n.希臘的，希臘人Greecen.希臘13ablea.有能力的unablea.沒(méi)有能力的enablev.使.能→abilityn.能力14includingprep.包括includev.包括15secretn.秘密secretlyad.秘密地secretaryn.秘書16Europen.歐洲Europeana.&n.歐洲的(人)aEuropeangirl17politicsn.政治politiciann.政客18independenta.獨(dú)立的dependv.依靠dependentadj.依靠的→independencen.獨(dú)立四、課文、詞匯復(fù)習(xí)ThenightofthehorseThesoldiercamedownthestairstwoatatime.'Captain,they'vegone,hecried."They'ved1allofthem.Theplainis..'Butthecaptainoftheguardswasnolongerlistening.Hewasgoingupthestairsthreeatatime.Secondsl2,thecaptainstoodonthehighwallofthecityofTroy.Helookeddownattheemptyplainand,beyondit,attheemptysea.'"They'vegoneandwe'vewon,'hesaid'TheGreekshavetriedfortenyearstocaptureourcity.Nowthey'vesailedaway.Andthey'vetakeneverythingwiththem.”‘Noteverything,sir,'thesoldiersaid.'They'vel3theirhorse.Outsidethemaingatesofthecitystoodahugewoodenhorse.'Ah,yes,thecaptainsaid,'thatwoodenhorse.'It'ssobigthattheycouldn'ttakeitwiththem.Well.it'soursnow.Getsomehelpandpullitintothecity.'Thatwon'tbed4.It'sonwheels.'Butwhyisitonwheels?'thesoldierasked.'IthinkthatmaybetheGreekswantusto...’Thecaptaininterruptedhim."You'reasoldier,'hesaid."Youdon'thavetothink."Youhavetoobeyorders,andI'mgivingyouonenow.Movethathorse.'SotheTrojansd5itintothecitywithropes.Thatnight,inthemainsquareofthecity,allthecitizensofTroycelebrated.Theysanganddancedaroundthehorse,andmadejokesabouttheire6,thestupidGreeks.ThentheTrojansmadesureallthegatesofthecityweres7locked,andtheyallwenttosleep,i8thegateguards.Bymidnight,thesquarewasempty,exceptforthegianthorse.ThesixGreeksoldierswaitedforanotherhour,tobesure.Then,veryquietly,theyopenedthesecretdooronthesideofthehorseandclimbedout.Noguardsstoppedthemastheyopenedthemaingates.OutsidestoodtheGreekarmy.Ithadr9inthedarknesswhenthecitizenscelebratedinside.Nowthearmyenteredthecity.TheGreeksseizedthecaptain.Fortenyears,theycouldnotcapturethecitybyfighting,butinonenight,theys10incapturingitbyatrick.【答案】1.disappeared2.later3.left4.difficult5.dragged6.enemies7.securely8.including9.returned 10.succeeded五、詞義辨析1.besides,except和exceptfor的區(qū)別:1)besides除了...之外(包括...)except除了..之外(不包括..)eg.YesterdaytheywenttothecinemabesidesTom.=Yesterdaytheywenttothecinema.Tomwentthere.too.YesterdaytheywenttothecinemaexceptTom.=Yesterdaytheywenttothecinema,butTomdidn'tgothere.2)except=notincluding除了..之外exceptfor=notincluding/without除了..之外;要不是..:只是..except和exceptfor都有“除了..”的意思，但是在用法上有區(qū)別，except常常指從整體里排除個(gè)體，exceptfor表示對(duì)整體主要部分加以肯定外，仍有部分不應(yīng)肯定。1)WegotoschooleverydayexceptSaturdayandSunday.2)Thepositionisgoodexceptforthespelling.2.bemadeof,bemadefrom和bemadein的區(qū)別:bemadeofsth.由..制成的(制成品看得出用的是什么原料)bemadefromsth.由..制成的(制成品看不出用的是什么原料)bemadein+地點(diǎn)在某地制成的Eg.Thetableismadeofwood.這桌子是木制的。Thiskindofpaperismadefromwood.這種紙是由木頭制成的。 ThiskindofbicycleismadeinShanghai.這是自行車是上海產(chǎn)的?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】(用bemadeof,bemadefrom或bemadein填空)1)Theboxpaper.2)Winecangrapes.3)Gascoal.4)ThecarItaly.5)Manytoolsiron.【答案】1.ismadeof2.bemadefrom3.ismadefrom4.ismadein5.aremadeof3.so...that,too...to...,enoughto...的用法:1.形容詞/副詞+enoughtodosth.eg.Tomisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.2.too+形容詞/副詞+todosth.eg.Tomistooyoungtogotoschool.3.so+形容詞/副詞+thateg.Tomissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool.Note:句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方法:1)主語(yǔ)是同一人:eg.Theboyissocleverthathecananswerthequestion.→Theboyiscleverenoughtoanswerthequestion.(...enoughtodosth.)Kateissocarelessthatshecan'tdotheworkwell.→Kateistoocarelesstodotheworkwell.(too...todosth.)2)主語(yǔ)不是同一人:eg.Theriverissodirtythatyoucan'tswiminit.→Theriveristoodirtyforyoutoswimin.(too...forsb.todosth.)Theroomissobigthatwecanholdameetinginit.→Theroomisbigenoughforustoholdameetingin.(...enoughforsb.todosth.)【鞏固練習(xí)】(不變句意，改寫句子)1)Tomisverytall.Hecantouchthetopoftheshelf.Tomistallhecantouchthetopoftheshelf.Tomistotouchthetopoftheshelf.2)Sheisveryyoung.Shecan'tlifttheheavybox.Sheisyounglifttheheavybox.Sheisyoungshecan'tlifttheheavybox.Sheisyoungshehardlylifttheheavybox.Sheisn'ttolifttheheavybox.3)Thisquestionistoodifficultforustoanswer.Thisquestionisdifficultweanswerit.4)Thelittleboywalkedsofastthathisparentscouldn'tcatchupwithhim.Thelittleboywalkedfasthisparentscatchupwith.5)Itisverycoldtoday.Wecan'tgooutforawalk.Itiscoldtodaywecan'tgooutforawalk.Itiscoldtodayforgooutforawalk.【答案】1.so..that;tallenough2.to...to:s...that;so..that..can;oldenough3.so..that.can't4.to...for..to5.so...that;too...us...to.六、語(yǔ)法小貼士1.mind(my)doingsth介意做...practicedoingsth練習(xí)做某事2.arriveat/in到達(dá)(at+小地點(diǎn)airport/station;in+大地點(diǎn):城市/國(guó)家/世界)onaSundaymorning3.look/feel感官動(dòng)詞類+adj.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn):lookangrilyatsb.生氣地看著某人，此處look為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，用副詞修飾。4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):since+一般過(guò)去式句子,主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。5.形容詞修飾不定代詞類:anythingbeautiful形容詞放在不定代詞之后6.if引導(dǎo)的主將從現(xiàn)/主情從現(xiàn)/主祈從現(xiàn)。7.inone's+thirties/fifties/sixties在某人三十/五十/六十多歲時(shí)8.bebusy(in)doingsth/withsth.忙于做某事9.fun是不可數(shù)名詞，funny是形容詞。Whatfun!Howfunny!10.stayforanothertwodays這里要注意another的使用，以及時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該是一般將來(lái)時(shí)而不是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。11.as....as和...一樣notso/as.....as不如。as中間用形容詞/副詞原級(jí)。12.except,exceptfor,besides見上面詞義辨析。13.don'tneedtodo=needn'tdo=don'thavetodo沒(méi)有必要做某事。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn):don'tneedsth不需要某物14.playatrickonsb捉弄某人(注意介詞)15.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中瞬間動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如joinhavebeenin16.usedtodosth=often/usuallydidsth=didsth...inthepast過(guò)去常常做某事beusedtodoingsth習(xí)慣于beusedtodosth=beusedfordoingsth被用來(lái)17.bytheendof+過(guò)去的時(shí)間，用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)。18.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):must的否定回答needn't,don'thaveto19.Myambitionistodo...我的志向是去做某事。20.lonely和alone的區(qū)別:lonelyadj.孤獨(dú)的aloneadv.獨(dú)自adj.獨(dú)自的:單獨(dú)的。21.remembertodosth記得(去)坐某事(還沒(méi)有做)rememberdoingsth記得做了某事(已做)22.require/needdoingsth主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)含義，需要被....(=tobedone)24.with+人體的器官，有形的工具by+交通工具，做事的方式和手段25.remove=takeaway拿走/去除26.setoff=setout=start出發(fā)27.球類，牌類，棋類運(yùn)動(dòng)前面不加冠詞，樂(lè)器類前面要加冠詞the.28.atwodayweekend這類表達(dá)方式:a+數(shù)詞名詞單數(shù)+名詞29.修飾比較級(jí)的一些詞:much,far,rather,still,even,abit,alittle,alot+adj/adv.比較級(jí)30.sometimes有時(shí);偶爾,sometimes幾次;幾倍,sometime(過(guò)去、將來(lái))某個(gè)時(shí)候,sometime一些時(shí)間。31.反意疑問(wèn)句中要注意，hardly,seldom,little,few,rarely,never這樣的否定詞。32.hasalready變一般疑問(wèn)句Have.....yet?否定:haven't...yet否定句時(shí)要注意有些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式是原型的情況，如put,cut,read33.Howsoon對(duì)in+時(shí)間段進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。34.賓語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化，疑問(wèn)詞+todo。35.youmustn'tdosth=benotallowedtodo=Don'tdosth禁止做某事【隨堂練習(xí)】1.TheymadeKallyetothepartyatrick.A.withB.useC.throughD.in2.Thepolicemenwereabletocatchthethief.Theunderlinedpartmeans.A.managedB.succeededC.failedD.ordered3.AlltheboyswentswimmingthatafternoonBobbecausehehadacold.A.exceptB.includingC.besidesD.with4.Parentsoftenexpecttheirchildrenallthethingsthattheycouldn'tdointhepast.A.didB.doingC.todoD.do5.Marydancesbestinourschool.Iagree.I'llneverforgetherdanceforthefirsttime.A.seeB.toseeC.seeingD.seen6.Thisisagoodplaceforapicnic.Yes,itcouldn'tbe.A.betterB.bestC.worstD.worse7.littlemoneyIhave!I'mgoingtofindsomeparttimejobs.A.HowB.WhatC.SuchD.Whata8.Wouldyoupleasethepaperformeandseeifthereareanyobvious(明顯的)mistakes?OfcourseIwill.A.lookaroundB.lookthroughC.lookupD.lookinto9.Theelderlyoftenmakearuletoeatsilently.A.thatB.thisC.itD./10.Thehen thereaneggjustnow.A.lying..layB.laying...liedC.lay..lainD.lying...laid11.ResearchersatXeroxdesignedaniconsystem.ButApplewasthefirstitpopular.A)makeB.tomakeC)makingD.made12.Don'tyouthinkthenewdressmakesthelady muchyounger.A.looksB.lookingC.tolookD.look13.WearesorrytohearthatTomwasmadebytheteachersomeextrahomeworkinthesummervocation.A.doB.todoC.didD.doing14.Don’ttochatontheinternet,oryou'llfeeltiredintomorrow'sclasses.A.stayupB.setupC.wakeupD.getup15.ThesuccessfulspacewalkofZhaiZhigangishelpfultoaspacestation.A.lookupB.takeupC.setupD.pickup16.Theladygoestoseehersonintheuniversitynowandthen.Theunderlinedpartmeans“.”A.againandagainB.forthetimebeingC.sometimesD.allthetime17.YouhavebeentoBeijing.Howlongyouthere?A..did...stayB.have...stayedC.do...stayD.will...stay18.WhenIthecinema,thefilmfortenminutes.A.gotto...hasbegunB.arrivedat...hasbeenonC.reached.hadbegunD.hurriedto...hadbeenon19.Keepatleastonewindowwhileyou'rehavingalessonintheclassroom.It'sgoodforkeepingtheindoorairfresh.A)openedB)openC)openingD)toopen20.Pleaseletmeknowaboutit.A)whenhewilleB)whetherhewilleC)whenheesD)whetherhees【答案】15CAACC610BABCD1115BDBAC1620CADBC詞形轉(zhuǎn)換1.EverystudentinGradeisstudyinghardtoachievemore.(ninth)2.Lifeissimple.Youmake,andyoudon'tlookback.(choice)3.SteveJobs’madethefansofApplefromallovertheworldverysad.(die)4.AlmosteveryoneagreedthattheNewYearpartywasagreat.(succeed)5.YaoMing'smakeshimstandoutinthecrowd.(high)6.Whenpeoplegetolder,theirshorttermmemorybees.(bad)7.Ifyoudon'tliketheproducts,feelfreetomakeatothemanager.(plain)8.MrSmithhasrecentlybuiltabridgeoverhispoolinthegarden.(wood)9.Theroadisnowlessforwalkersbecauseitwaswidenedlastmonth.(danger)10.TheforeignteachersinourschoolarefromsomeEnglishspeakingcountries.(main)【答案】1.ninth2.choices3.death4.success5.height6.worse7plaint8.wooden9.dangerous10.mainly句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Thereissomefoodanddrinksinthefridge.(改為不定句)Thereisfooddrinksinthefridge.2.Thesefamilieswillmovetothenewhousingestateintwoweeks.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))willthesefamiliesmovetothenewhousingestate?3.Mr.Fermontcouldn'tbelievethathiswifepaidS10,000forjustahandbag.(保持句意不變)Mr.Fermontcouldn'tbelievethathiswifejustahandbag$10.000.4.Theweatherwassocoldthatwecouldn'tgoswimming.(保持句意基本不變)Theweatherwasn'tforustogoswimming.5.Ishallleavetherestaurantifthewaiterdoesn'tesoon.(保持句意基本不變)Ishallleavetherestaurantthewaitersoon.【答案】1.no,or2.Howsoon3.bought/purchased,for4.warmenough5.unlesses【語(yǔ)法梳理】It/Thatisthefirsttimethat...現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)thesecond...thelastIt/Thatwasthefirsttimethat...過(guò)去完成時(shí)thesecond...thelast現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),但其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系,也就是說(shuō)，動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在。e.g.Ihavelostmywallet.(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒(méi)有錢花了。) Janehaslaidthetable.(含義是:可以吃飯了。) Michaelhasbeenill.(含義是:現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱。) Hehasreturnedfromabroad.(含義是:現(xiàn)在已在此地)二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)與句型助動(dòng)詞havehas+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其他人稱用have.句型:1、肯定句:主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+其他。 IhavestudiedEnglishfor5years。2、否定句:主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+其他。 Wehaven'tbeenthere。3、一般疑問(wèn)句:Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+其他?Hasheeatenthatapple?4、特殊疑問(wèn)句:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+havehas+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+其他?Wherehaveyoubeentorecently?三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻的、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況,常與for,since連用。e.g.Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如already,yet,just,before,recently,lately等e.g.Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.Ihaven'tseenmuchofhimrecently/lately。Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet?3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,onseveraloccasion等:e.g.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?IhaveneverheardBunnysayanythingagainsther.Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Itisstillgood.Georgehasmetthatgentlemanonseveraloccasions.4、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如now,uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,thismorning/week/month/year,now,just,today,uptopresent,sofar等。e.g.Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar.Manhasnowlearnedtoreleaseenergyfromthenucleusoftheatom.Therehasbeentoomuchrainthisyear.Therelationsbetweenushavebeenenhancedinthepastfewyears.Uptothepresenteverythinghasbeensuccessful.5、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在之前就已完成的動(dòng)作,雖然其效果或影響仍然存在但已不再繼續(xù),但是有一些現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子，在后面加上for+一段時(shí)間，則現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作就表示延續(xù)性。E.g.ThomashasstudiedRussian.(現(xiàn)在不再學(xué)俄語(yǔ))ThomashasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.(=ThomasbegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow.)6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用來(lái)表示過(guò)去的一個(gè)時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。e.g.Wehavehadfourtextsthissemester.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):★already通常用于肯定句中，意為“已經(jīng)”,位于行為動(dòng)詞之前、be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后。有時(shí)可放在疑問(wèn)句句尾，表示驚訝。例如:Wehavealreadycleanedtheclassroom.Haveyoufinisheditalready?★yet用于疑問(wèn)句中表示“已經(jīng)”;用于否定句中，表示“還(沒(méi))”。例如:Hashefoundhiswatchyet?他還沒(méi)找到他的表嗎?No,notyet.是，還沒(méi)有?！飁ver意為“曾經(jīng)”,常用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中，位于助動(dòng)詞和過(guò)去分詞之間，表示從過(guò)去到目前為止的時(shí)間。例如:Haveyoueverbeenthere?你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)那里嗎?Nothinghaseverhappenedhere.這里未曾發(fā)生過(guò)什么事。★never意為“(曾經(jīng))從未、沒(méi)有”,是否定副詞，在句中位于助動(dòng)詞和過(guò)去分詞之間。ever與否定詞not連用相當(dāng)于never。例如:Ihaven'teverspokentoher.=Ihaveneverspokentoher.我從未跟她講過(guò)話?！飆ust意為“剛剛”，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示行為剛剛過(guò)去,位于助動(dòng)詞與過(guò)去分詞之間。e.g.Hehasjustebackfromschool.他剛從學(xué)校回來(lái)★justnow意為“剛才”，表示過(guò)去某時(shí)，用于一般過(guò)去時(shí),位于句首或句尾均可。e.g.Hecamefromschooljustnow.他剛才從學(xué)校回來(lái)。★for和since的用法及區(qū)別。for與一段時(shí)間連用，since與時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用。注意:since后接過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或過(guò)去時(shí)的句子。e.g.IhavebeentoShanghaitwicesince1970.Ihaven'tseenhersincesheleftShanghai.IsawPingpingsixyearsago.SinceIhaveneverseenher.★have/hasgoneto、have/hasbeento和have/hasbeenin的區(qū)別:have/hasgoneto去了,在去某地的路上或在某地，人還未回來(lái)have/hasbeento曾經(jīng)去過(guò)，人已經(jīng)回來(lái)了have/hasbeenin已經(jīng)在..，常與一段時(shí)間連用e.g.ShehasbeentoShanghaibefore.她以前曾去過(guò)上海。ShehasbeeninShanghaifortenyears.她在上海10年了。HashegonetoQingdao?他去青島了嗎?但不能說(shuō)HaveyougonetoQingdao?四、過(guò)去完成時(shí)(一)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的概念過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一事件之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，即過(guò)去的過(guò)去。圖示如下:│││>過(guò)去完成過(guò)去現(xiàn)在 將來(lái)(二)構(gòu)成1、肯定句:主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞Whenwegotthere,thefootballmatchhadalreadystarted,2、否定句:主語(yǔ)+hadnot+過(guò)去分詞Hehadn'tworkedfortwoyearsbythen.3、疑問(wèn)句:had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞...?Hadhefinishedtheworkbylastmonth?(三)用法1、過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或者某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);句中常用by,before,until,when等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。e.g.Bythetimeshegotup,herbrotherhadalreadygoneintothebathroom.2、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還可以表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或者持續(xù)下去。例如:Beforeheslept,hehadworkedfor12hours.3、在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。例如:Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.4、在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過(guò)去完成時(shí):發(fā)生在后，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如:Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.5、bythetime“直到.….時(shí)候”。指從過(guò)去某一點(diǎn)到從句所示的時(shí)間為止的一段時(shí)間。如:Bythetimewegottohishouse,hehadfinishedsupper.6、表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“原本..,未能…”。例如:Wehadhopedthatyouwoulde,butyoudidn't.我們?cè)鞠Ｍ隳軄?lái)，但是你沒(méi)有(來(lái))?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】1.(2025·上海靜安·一模)LastSunday,Itwohoursonadelightfulcitywalk.A.spendB.spentC.spendingD.willspend【答案】B【詳解】句意:上周日，我花了兩個(gè)小時(shí)進(jìn)行了一次愉快的城市漫步?？紪艘话氵^(guò)去時(shí)。根據(jù)“LastSunday”可知，事情發(fā)生在上周日，應(yīng)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。spend過(guò)去式為spent，故選B。2.(2025·上海奉賢·一模)NowadayshumanactivitieslargeamountsofCO,andothergases.A.producedB.areproducingC.wereproducingD.willproduce【答案】B【詳解】句意:如今，人類活動(dòng)正在產(chǎn)生大量的二氧化碳和其他氣體?？紪藭r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“Nowadays”及語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，此處表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，句子時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選B。3.(2025·上海普陀.一模)Thisbookmarkisagiftfrommysister.Iitinmydiarysincethreeyearsago.A.keptB.amkeepingC.willkeepD.havekept【答案】D【詳解】句意:這個(gè)書簽是我姐姐送給我的禮物。三年前我就把它保存在我的日記里了考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“sincethreeyearsago”可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，D項(xiàng)符合。故選D。4.(2025·上海普陀·一模)WeaoneweekfamilytriptoHarbinintheingFebruary.A.haveB.willhaveC.hadD.havehad【答案】B【詳解】句意:明年二月，我們將全家去哈爾濱旅行一周?？紪藭r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“intheingFebruary”可知，此處表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的事情，句子時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來(lái)時(shí)，B項(xiàng)符合。故選B。5.(2025·上海長(zhǎng)寧.一模)Weagreatincreaseintheuseofrenewableenergyinthepastfiveyears.A.haveseenB.sawC.hadseenD.willsee【答案】A【詳解】句意:在過(guò)去的五年里，我們看到可再生能源的使用有了很大的增長(zhǎng)?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“inthepastfiveyears.”可知，表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并還可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作，所以句子應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選A。6.(2425九年級(jí)上:上海黃浦·期末)JohnDancer'stroublesassoonasheenteredtheDragonHotelwithhisfriend.A.beganB.havebegunC.wouldbeginD.wasbeginning【答案】A【詳解】句意:約翰·丹瑟和他的朋友一進(jìn)入龍酒店，他的麻煩就開始了?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。assoonas引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“一……就…”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動(dòng)作和主句動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生,遵循主過(guò)從過(guò)的時(shí)態(tài)搭配原則。此處從句entered是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以主句也應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，began是begin的一般過(guò)去式，符合時(shí)態(tài)要求，故選A。7.(2425九年級(jí)上·上海黃浦·期末)CanIborrowyourcarforacoupleofdays?Sorry,butIittoNandy.A.lentB.havelentC.amgoingtolendD.hadlent【答案】B【詳解】句意:我能借你的車用幾天嗎?抱歉，我已經(jīng)借給南迪了?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。lent借，過(guò)去式;havelent已經(jīng)借，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);amgoingtolend打算借，一般將來(lái)時(shí);hadlent已經(jīng)借，過(guò)去完成時(shí)。根據(jù)“Sorry”可知，此處表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，所以時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選B。8.(2425九年級(jí)上·上海黃浦·期末)Icalledyou,butyoudidn'tanswer.Oh,sorry.Imysisterwithherhomework.A.amhelpingB.hadhelpedC.washelpingD.helped【答案】C【詳解】句意:我打電話給你，但你沒(méi)接。哦，抱歉。我在幫我妹妹做作業(yè)?？疾檫^(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)“Icalledyou,butyoudidn'tanswer”可知，沒(méi)有接對(duì)方打來(lái)的電話，因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)時(shí)刻正在幫助妹妹做作業(yè),表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),其結(jié)構(gòu)為was/weredoing;主語(yǔ)為“T”,be動(dòng)詞用was，動(dòng)詞help的現(xiàn)在分詞為helping。故選C。9.(2025·上海奉賢·模)AndytoBangkokwithhisparents,andtheywillstaythereforaweek.A.goesB.wentC.hasgoneD.hadgone【答案】C【詳解】句意:安迪和他的父母去了曼谷，他們將在那里待一周?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。goes一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);went一般過(guò)去時(shí);hasgone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);hadgone過(guò)去完成時(shí)。根據(jù)“Andy...toBangkokwithhisparents”可知他們已經(jīng)去了曼谷,而且現(xiàn)在還在,故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasgoneto;主語(yǔ)是Andy，所以助動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。故選C。10.(2025·上海嘉定·一模)Whiletheyforthepresentation,thepowersuddenlywentout.A.arepreparingB.werepreparingC.preparedD.haveprepared【答案】B【詳解】句意:正當(dāng)他們準(zhǔn)備報(bào)告時(shí)，突然停電了、考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“Whilethey..forthepresentation,thepowersuddenlywentout.”可知，當(dāng)他們正在準(zhǔn)備報(bào)告時(shí)，突然停電了，表示過(guò)去正在做某事，應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing的結(jié)構(gòu)。故選B。11.(2025·上海徐匯:一模)Somevolunteersthebrokenbranchesfromtheroadalready.It'smuchsafernow.A.removeB.haveremovedC.removedD.areremoving【答案】B【詳解】句意:一些志愿者已經(jīng)把路上折斷的樹枝移走了。現(xiàn)在安全多了?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“already”可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“have/hasdone”，主語(yǔ)“Somevolunteers”為復(fù)數(shù)，助動(dòng)詞用have。故選B。12.(2025·上海徐匯:一模)SofarneitheroftheparcelsIsentyet.It'sverystrange.A.arrivedB.arriveC.hasarrived.D.willarrive【答案】C【詳解】句意:到目前為止，我發(fā)出的兩個(gè)包裹都還沒(méi)有到。這很奇怪?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“Sofar”可知，此句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“have/hasdone”，主語(yǔ)是“neitheroftheparcels”是第三人稱單數(shù)，助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用has。故選C。13.(2025.上海虹口.一模)Tomysurprise,thecarenginebegantomakeafunnynoisewhenIhome.A.amdrivingB.wasdrivingC.havedriven.D.woulddrive【答案】B【詳解】句意:令我驚訝的是，當(dāng)我開車回家時(shí)，汽車引擎開始發(fā)出奇怪的聲音。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，結(jié)合“began”可知，主句時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為was/weredoing，主語(yǔ)1為第一人稱，be動(dòng)詞用was。故選B。14.(2025·上海虹口.一模)Theweatheristerriblehere.Iteveryminutesincetheguestsarrivedyesterday.A.snowsB.snowedC.wassnowingD.hassnowed【答案】D【詳解】句意:這里的天氣很糟糕。自從客人昨天到達(dá)以來(lái)，每分鐘都在下雪。考査時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“'sincetheguestsarrivedyesterday”可知主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasdone。故選D。15.(2025上海寶山.一模)MissZhang,Icalledyouthismorning,butyouweren'tintheoffice.Wherewereyouatthattime?Oh,Iaforeignfriendofminearoundtheschool.A.showedB.wouldshowC.haveshowedD.wasshowing【答案】D【詳解】句意:張小姐，我今天早上給你打電話了，但你不在辦公室。那時(shí)你在哪里?哦，我在帶我的一個(gè)外國(guó)朋友參觀了學(xué)校?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“Wherewereyouatthattime?”可知此處表示那時(shí)正在帶領(lǐng)外國(guó)朋友參觀，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing。故選D。16.(2025·上海松江.一模)Mumhasbeenworkinginthisschoolsinceshefromuniversityin2000.A.graduatesB.hasgraduatedB.hadgraduatedD.graduated【答案】D【詳解】句意:媽媽自從2000年大學(xué)畢業(yè)后就一直在這所學(xué)校工作。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“sinceshe..fromuniversityin2000”可知，since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去式，故選D。17.(2025·上海寶山·一模)TherealectureonArtificialIntelligence(人工智能)intheschoolhallnextMonday.A.isB.hasC.willhaveD.willbe【答案】D【詳解】句意:下周一在學(xué)校大廳將會(huì)有一場(chǎng)關(guān)于人工智能的講座?？疾閠herebe的一般將來(lái)時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)“There..nextMonday”可知此處是therebe的一般將來(lái)時(shí),其結(jié)構(gòu)是therewillbe或thereis/aregoingtobe。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知D項(xiàng)符合，故選D。18.(2025·上海松江:一模)Doyouknowaspiderabout2.000insectsayear?A.haseatenB.hadeatenC.ateD.eats【答案】D【詳解】句意:你知道蜘蛛每年大約吃掉2000只昆蟲嗎?考査時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“about2,000insectsayear”可知此處描述客觀情況，句子用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是aspider，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用三單。故選D。19.(2025·上海長(zhǎng)寧.一模)Ithinkthatthekidwilldoitbetterifheanotherchance.A.willbegivenB.isgivenC.hasbeengivenD.wasgiven【答案】B【詳解】句意:我認(rèn)為如果再給這個(gè)孩子一次機(jī)會(huì)，他會(huì)做得更好?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。該句是“f引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則，因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)“he”和“give”之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因此用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)為“he”，填isgiven。故選B。20.(2025·上海青浦:一模)They theirplansforthevacationwhenIwalkedintotheroom.A.discussB.discussedC.havediscussedD.werediscussing【答案】D【詳解】句意:我走進(jìn)房間時(shí)，他們正在討論度假計(jì)劃?？疾檫^(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。discuss“討論”，動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)“whenIwalkedintotheroom”可知，走進(jìn)房間時(shí)，他們正在討論計(jì)劃，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為was/weredoing;主語(yǔ)為“They”，be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用were，動(dòng)詞discuss的現(xiàn)在分詞為discussing。故選D。21.(2025·上海楊浦·一模)Scientistshowthebrainkeepsmemoriesformanyyears,andtheirworkcontinuestoday.A.studyB.studiedC.havestudiedD.werestudying【答案】C【詳解】句意:科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)研究了大腦如何保持記憶多年，他們的工作至今仍在繼續(xù)考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“formanyyears,andtheirworkcontinuestoday”可知句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasdone。故選C。22.(2025·上海青浦·一模)Owenamemberofthispanyforovertenyears.A.wasB.hasbeenC.willbeD.hadbeen【答案】B【詳解】句意:Owen在這家公司已經(jīng)成為會(huì)員超過(guò)十年?？紪藭r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“forovertenyears”可知此處需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為have/hasdone。故選B.23.(2025·上海崇明·一模)Simon,wouldyouliketoseethemovieYOLOwithmetomorrow?I'msorry,Amy.Ihaveworktodo,besides,Iitalready.A.seeB.wouldseeC.haveseenD.hadseen【答案】C【詳解】句意:西蒙，明天你愿意和我一起去看電影《熱辣滾燙》嗎?對(duì)不起，艾米。我有工作要做;再說(shuō)，我已經(jīng)看過(guò)了。考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“already”可知，時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選C。24.(2025·上海崇明:一模)JennifertomakeacakewhenherfriendBellacametoseeherlastnight。A.waslearningB.islearningC.learnsD.willlearn【答案】A【詳解】句意:昨晚詹妮弗的朋友貝拉來(lái)看她時(shí)，她正在學(xué)做蛋糕?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“whenherfriendBellacametoseeherlastnight”可知朋友來(lái)看她時(shí)，她正在學(xué)做蛋糕，故主句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing。故選A。25.(2025·上海楊浦·一模)Thethiefthroughthewindowwhenthepolicearrived.A.isclimbingB.climbedC.hasclimbedD.wasclimbing【答案】D【詳解】句意:當(dāng)警察到的時(shí)候，那個(gè)賊正在爬窗戶?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“whenthepolicearrived”可知，此處表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)“'was/were+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞”，主語(yǔ)為“Thethief”，be動(dòng)詞用was，故選D?！鹃喿x提高】Choosethewordsorexpressionstopletethepassage(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語(yǔ)，完成短文)HELPOTHERS.HELPYOURSELFScienceshowsthathelpingotherscanmakeyoufeelgoodtoo.Thekeyistofindtheapproachthatworksforyou.There'saChinesesayingthatgoes:“Ifyouwanthappinessforanhour,takeanap.Ifyouwanthappinessfora1,gofishing.Ifyouwanthappinessforayear,getrich.Ifyouwanthappinessforalifetime,helpsomebody.”Forthousandsofyears,thegreatestthinkershavesuggestedthesamething:Happinessisfoundinhelpingothers.Scientificresearchprovidesdatatosupporttheideathathelpingothersmaybethesecrettolivingalifethatishappier,healthier,andmore2.Givingcanfeelgreat.Andaswelearnearly,it'sbettertogivethanto3.Plus,themoreyougive,themoreyoustandtogainhappiness.Followthesetips:1.Findyourpassion.It'snothowmuchyougive.It'showmuchloveyouputintogiving.Youmay4onepurposemorethanothers,andthat'sokay.Supportthepurposethatfeelsrightforyou.2.Giveyourtime.Thegiftoftimeisoftenmorevaluabletothereceiver,andmoresatisfyingtothegiver,thanthegiftofmoney.Wedon'tallhavethesameamountofmoney,butweallhavetime.Wecangivesomeofthistimetohelpotherswhetherafewhourseachday,orafewdayseachyear.3.Givetogroupswithclear5.MichaelNorton,aprofessoratHarvardBusinessSchool,inMassachusetts,saysthat“givingtoacharitythatclearlysayswhatthey'regoingtodowithyourmoneyleadstomorehappiness.”4.Do